Why are we using surgery as a first line of treatment for an anxiety disorder?

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POSITIONALITY MATTERS: SCHOOL CHOICE DECISIONS BASED ON ETHNOGRAPHIC ACCOUNTS OF AFRICAN AMERICAN PARENTS

This research delves into experiences with reasoning and selected criteria for choosing the right school for their children. Beginning with a series of vignettes that assist with recognition of parental empowerment, this research archives acknowledgement of their own positionality when it comes to making life changing decisions. As selected parents of African American children grapple with the strategic balance and possibilities of educational outlets, family and finances, they offer ethnographic accounts of their successes and failures with school choice. Individual accounts of parental school choice decisions posing as data ascertained from interviews provided research that explored the critical frequencies and perceptions of many African American families that are deeply involved in their children’s educational welfare. Through the skillful use of aesthetics, this dissertation, is intended to show how the study of sociological inquiries, also known as ethnomethodology, can create culturally receptive and comprehensive spaces for empathy of natural human behavior with critical race theory overtones. This type of qualitative inquiry presented is an exemplar of narrative methods that approached relevant evidence in a compelling way to frame research that brought facts and findings to bear on people’s sentiments and personal beliefs about diversity, fairness and equal education for all

A surgical treatment for anxiety-triggered palmar hyperhidrosis is not unlike treating tearfulness in major depression by severing the nerves to the lacrimal glands

not applicabl

N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and Ondansetron (Zofran) Intravenous Compatibility Determination via RP-HPLC and LC-MS/MS Methods

Introduction. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is the antidote for acetaminophen (Tylenol) toxicity from over ingestion leading to 56,000 emergency room visits yearly. This is worrisome due to the risk of hepatoxicity, especially in children and adolescents. Often, nausea and vomiting are associated with NAC use and is treated acutely by ondansetron (Zofran), a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist. Inconveniently, the NAC 21-hour intravenous (IV) infusion needs to be halted with IV flushing before ondansetron can be administered. Another IV flushing follows before NAC is resumed. This causes treatment interruption in a medical emergency; therefore, we are investigating the IV compatibility of NAC and ondansetron to reduce the steps in treating acute nausea/vomiting. Methods. A reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was utilized for NAC quantification. The analysis was conducted on an Agilent Eclpise XDB-C18 column (3.5 micron, 4.6 x 150 mm) with a mobile phase containing acetonitrile (ACN), water (10:90 v/v), and 0.1 % trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). The flow rate was set at 0.500 mL/min with an injection volume of 10 microliters and a temperature of 50oC. A UV wavelength of 212 nm was utilized for detection of NAC. A liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC – MS/MS) method was able to quantify levels of ondansetron. A Waters XBridge C18 column (3.5 micron, 4.6 x 150 mm) was used for separation of ondansetron. The mobile phase included ammonium formate buffer (pH 3.0, 5 mM) and acetonitrile (15:85, v/v) with the flow rate set at 0.500 mL/min. Electrospray ionization interface is set in the positive mode for measurement of ondansetron using a precursor ion of m/z 294.0200. Results. The HPLC-UV and LC-MS/MS methods for NAC and ondansetron, respectively, will be validated for linearity, precision and accuracy. Then the methods will be applied toward a chemical compatibility investigation of NAC and ondansetron through medical grade tubing and y-site. The ideal outcome would be to confidently assume NAC and ondansetron are IV compatible for y-site administration to avoid infusion interruption for treatment of acetaminophen toxicity. Conclusion. IV compatibility for NAC and ondansetron affords no infusion interruptions reducing unnecessary risk of acetaminophen toxicity. This also decreases risk of medical errors based on the multi-step process to administer ondansetron with receiving NAC. Overall, compatibility could create safer, more efficient protocols for treatment of acute nausea/vomiting from NAC administration

The Locus Ceruleus in PTSD

NO ABSTRACT: This is 750 word encyclopedia entr

Lessons Learned, Lessons Offered: Creating a Domestic Violence Drug Court

Abstract forthcoming

A Comparison of Blood Viscosity, Hematocrit and Blood Pressure between Yoga Practitioners and Sedentary Individuals

Elevations in whole blood viscosity (WBV) and hematocrit (Hct) have been linked with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and coexist with elevations in systolic blood pressure (SBP). Endurance training has been demonstrated to lower WBV and Hct; however, evidence supporting the efficacy of yoga on these measures is sparse. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted examining WBV, Hct and blood pressure among yoga practitioners with a minimum of 3 months of consistent practice and sedentary, healthy adults. Blood samples were collected from a total of 42 participants: 23 sedentary adults and 19 regular yoga practitioners. Brachial arterial blood pressure (BP) was measured and the averages of 3 measures were reported. RESULTS: Yoga practitioners had significantly lower WBV at 45 s-1 (p \u3c 0.01), 90 s-1 (p \u3c 0.01), 220 s-1 (p \u3c 0.05), and 450 s-1 (p \u3c 0.01) than sedentary participants. No significant group differences in Hct (p =0.38) were found. A tendency toward lower systolic BP (p=0.06) was observed in the yoga practitioner group; however, no significant group differences in BP were exhibited. CONCLUSION: A consistent yoga practice was associated with lower WBV and a trend of lower SBP, health indicators associated with CVD risk. These findings support a regular yoga practice as a valid form of exercise for improving rheological indicators of cardiovascular health

Transition of Care in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Abstract: The management of patients with chronic conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), requires specific attention and careful planning during the transition from pediatric to adult care. Early education about the transition process and the acquisition of self-management skills are crucial to fostering independent adolescents and young adults who have the knowledge and tools to manage life with a chronic disease. A growing body of literature describes the challenges and barriers to providing adolescent and transition care. Potential barriers to effective transition include the following: differences between adult-and pediatric-onset IBD; patients' lack of developmental maturity and readiness, self-efficacy, and knowledge of the disease; poor adherence to therapy; adolescent anxiety and depression; differences between pediatric and adult IBD care; and parental and provider reluctance to transition. Despite our ability to identify barriers and challenges, there remain significant gaps in our knowledge about how they should be addressed. Outcomes data on adolescents with IBD are limited, and there are even fewer data on how the transition of care affects long-term treatment and outcomes. More research is needed to truly understand the best way to facilitate care during transition and improve outcomes. Current research and transition guidelines acknowledge that providing support and guidance to patients and their families and establishing clear goals can ultimately equip patients with the skills needed to cope with a chronic disease as adults and can improve their long-term care. This paper provides an overview of the transition from pediatric to adult IBD care, a discussion of challenges and barriers, and recommendations and resources that can help patients, parents, and providers navigate this important process. T he management of patients with chronic conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), requires specific attention and careful planning during the transition from pediatric to adult care. Early education about the transition process and the acquisition of self-management skills are crucial to foster

The Formation of the First Massive Black Holes

Supermassive black holes (SMBHs) are common in local galactic nuclei, and SMBHs as massive as several billion solar masses already exist at redshift z=6. These earliest SMBHs may grow by the combination of radiation-pressure-limited accretion and mergers of stellar-mass seed BHs, left behind by the first generation of metal-free stars, or may be formed by more rapid direct collapse of gas in rare special environments where dense gas can accumulate without first fragmenting into stars. This chapter offers a review of these two competing scenarios, as well as some more exotic alternative ideas. It also briefly discusses how the different models may be distinguished in the future by observations with JWST, (e)LISA and other instruments.Comment: 47 pages with 306 references; this review is a chapter in "The First Galaxies - Theoretical Predictions and Observational Clues", Springer Astrophysics and Space Science Library, Eds. T. Wiklind, V. Bromm & B. Mobasher, in pres

A New Model for Raf Kinase Inhibitory Protein Induced Chemotherapeutic Resistance

Therapeutic resistance remains the most challenging aspect of treating cancer. Raf kinase inhibitory protein (RKIP) emerged as a molecule capable of sensitizing cancerous cells to radio- and chemotherapy. Moreover, this small evolutionary conserved molecule, endows significant resistance to cancer therapy when its expression is reduced or lost. RKIP has been shown to inhibit the Raf-MEK-ERK, NFκB, GRK and activate the GSK3β signaling pathways. Inhibition of Raf-MEK-ERK and NFκB remains the most prominent pathways implicated in the sensitization of cells to therapeutic drugs. Our purpose was to identify a possible link between RKIP-KEAP 1-NRF2 and drug resistance. To that end, RKIP-KEAP 1 association was tested in human colorectal cancer tissues using immunohistochemistry. RKIP miRNA silencing and its inducible overexpression were employed in HEK-293 immortalized cells, HT29 and HCT116 colon cancer cell lines to further investigate our aim. We show that RKIP enhanced Kelch-like ECH-associated protein1 (KEAP 1) stability in colorectal cancer tissues and HT29 CRC cell line. RKIP silencing in immortalized HEK-293 cells (termed HEK-499) correlated significantly with KEAP 1 protein degradation and subsequent NRF2 addiction in these cells. Moreover, RKIP depletion in HEK-499, compared to control cells, bestowed resistance to supra physiological levels of H2O2 and Cisplatin possibly by upregulating NF-E2-related nuclear factor 2 (NRF2) responsive genes. Similarly, we observed a direct correlation between the extent of apoptosis, after treatment with Adriamycin, and the expression levels of RKIP/KEAP 1 in HT29 but not in HCT116 CRC cells. Our data illuminate, for the first time, the NRF2-KEAP 1 pathway as a possible target for personalized therapeutic intervention in RKIP depleted cancers