14 research outputs found
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Event-Level Associations of Marijuana and Heavy Alcohol Use With Intercourse and Condom Use
OBJECTIVE: The associations substance use has with sex and condom use among college students appear to be well-documented and of clear public health significance. However, few event-level studies examine marijuana or heavy alcohol use, control for temporal patterns shared among these behaviors, or consider differences by relationship status. METHOD: We recruited 284 18 to 22 year old undergraduate men and women (79%), 61% of whom were in a serious relationship. For 24 consecutive days, participants reported on their prior day marijuana use, heavy alcohol use, vaginal intercourse, and condom use. RESULTS: Most intercourse events (86%) were reported by participants in a serious relationship, and most (62%) were not protected by a condom. Hierarchical generalized linear models indicated participants in a serious relationship were more likely to report intercourse than were others. Adjusting for weekly patterns in intercourse, odds of intercourse were higher on days participants reported marijuana or heavy alcohol use; the latter effect was stronger for single participants. Being drunk during sex, being in a serious relationship, and use of non-condom birth control were associated with less condom use. CONCLUSIONS: Models distinguish among multiple potential influences on undergraduates’ sexual behavior. Findings suggest greater attention to the relationship and other contexts of marijuana and alcohol use may be relevant to understanding young adults’ sexual behavior and preventing health-risking or nonconsensual sex
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Parental Monitoring of Children’s Media Consumption: The Long-term Influences on Body Mass Index in Children
IMPORTANCE: Although children’s media consumption has been one of the most robust risk factors for childhood obesity, effects of specific parenting influences, such as parental media monitoring, have not been effectively investigated.
OBJECTIVES: This study examined the potential influences of maternal and paternal monitoring of child media exposure and children’s general activities on children’s BMI in middle childhood.
DESIGN: A longitudinal study, taken from a subsample of the Three Generational Study, with assessments at children’s ages of 5, 7, and/or 9 years collected from 1998-2012.
SETTING: The Three Generational Study, a predominantly Caucasian, Pacific-Northwest U.S. community sample (overall participation rate 90%).
PARTICIPANTS: Analyses included 112 mothers, 103 fathers and their 213 children (55% girls) at ages 5, 7, and/or 9 years. Participation rates ranged from 67% to 72% of all eligible Three Generational Study children across the three assessments.
MAIN EXPOSURES: Parents reported on their general monitoring of their children (whereabouts and activities), specific monitoring of child media exposure, children’s participation in sports and recreational activities, children’s media time (hours/week), annual income, and education level. Parental BMI was recorded.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Predictions to level and change in child BMI z scores were tested.
RESULTS: Linear mixed-effects modeling indicated that more maternal, but not paternal, monitoring of child media exposure predicted lower child BMI z scores at age 7 years (95% CI, -.39 – -.07) and less steeply increasing child BMI z scores from ages 5-9 years (95% CI, -.11 – -.01). These effects held when controlling for more general parental monitoring, and parent BMI, income and education. Results supported that the significant negative effect of maternal media monitoring on children’s BMI z scores at age 7 years was marginally accounted for by the effect of child media time. The maternal media monitoring effect on children’s BMI z score slopes remained significant once adjusting for children’s media time, and sports and recreational activity.
CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that parental behaviors related to children’s media consumption may have long-term impacts on children’s BMI in middle childhood. The results underscore the importance of targeting parental media monitoring in efforts to prevent childhood obesity
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Contextual risks linking parents’ adolescent marijuana use to offspring onset
OBJECTIVE: We studied the extent to which parent marijuana use in adolescence is associated with marijuana use onset in offspring through contextual family and peer risks.
METHOD: Fathers
assessed (n = 93) since childhood, their 146 offspring (n = 83 girls), and offspring’s mothers (n = 85) participated in a longitudinal study. Using discrete-time survival analysis, fathers’ (prospectively measured) and mothers’ (retrospective) adolescent marijuana use was used to predict offspring marijuana use onset through age 19 years. Parental monitoring, child exposure to marijuana use, peer deviance, peer marijuana use, and perceptions of parent disapproval of child use were measured before or concurrent with onset.
RESULTS: Parents’ adolescent marijuana use was significantly associated with less monitoring, offspring alcohol use, the peer behaviors, exposure to adult marijuana use, and perceptions of less parent disapproval. Male gender and the two peer behaviors were positively associated with children’s marijuana use onset, controlling for their alcohol use. Parents’ adolescent marijuana use had a significant indirect effect on child onset through children’s deviant peer affiliations and a composite contextual risk score.
CONCLUSIONS: Parents’ histories of marijuana use may contribute indirectly to children’s marijuana use onset through their influence on the social environments children encounter; specifically, those characterized by more liberal use norms, exposure to marijuana use and deviant and marijuana-using peers, and less adult supervision. Given that alcohol use onset was controlled, findings suggest that the contextual factors identified here confer unique risk for child marijuana use onset.Keywords: Fathers, Marijuana, Intergenerational studies, Deviant peers, Adolescence, Onse
Synchronization in Dancing is Not Winner--Takes--All: Ambiguity Persists in
al Symmetry Between Dancers Steven M. Boker # Eric Covey Stacey Tiberio Pascal Deboeck May 4, 2005 Symmetry formation, symmetry breaking, and the strength of symmetric coupling in social interaction are investigated using motion capture data from pairs of individuals dancing to repeating rhythms. Repeating auditory rhythms are a simple form of temporal symmetry in which local entropy can be controlled. Spatio--temporal symmetry is formed when an individual performs cyclic movements, such as dancing to a repeating rhythm. Social spatio--temporal symmetry is formed when two individuals dance together. Rhythmic patterns can be ambiguous, having two or more segmentation points that listeners might perceive as the beginning of a rhythmic pattern. But subjects report hearing only one organization, implying that temporal symmetry is Gestalt--like: a winner--takes--all process. In the present study, the degree of temporal ambiguity in auditory stimuli was found to have a significant e#ect