Multi-subcarrier Physical Layer Authentication Using Channel State Information and Deep Learning

17 USC 105 interim-entered record; under temporary embargo.Strong authentication is crucial as wireless networks become more widespread and relied upon. The robust physical layer features produced by advanced communication networks lend themselves to accomplishing physical layer authentication by using channel state information (CSI). The use of deep learning with neural networks is well suited for classification tasks and can further the goal of enhancing physical layer security. To that end, we propose a semi-supervised generative adversarial network to differentiate between legitimate and malicious transmitters and accurately identify devices for authentication across a range of signal to noise ratio conditions. Our system leverages multiple input multiple output CSI across orthogonal frequency division multiplexing subcarriers using a small percentage of labeled training data.U.S. Government affiliation is unstated in article text

Physical-Layer Authentication Using Channel State Information and Machine Learning

Strong authentication in an interconnected wireless environment continues to be an important, but sometimes elusive goal. Research in physical-layer authentication using channel features holds promise as a technique to improve network security for a variety of devices. We propose the use of machine learning and measured multiple-input multiple-output communications channel information to make a decision on whether or not to authenticate a particular device. This work analyzes the use of received channel state information from the wireless environment and demonstrates the employment of a generative adversarial neural network (GAN) trained with received channel data to authenticate a transmitting device. We compared a variety of machine learning techniques and found that the local outlier factor (LOF) algorithm reached 100% accuracy at lower signal to noise ratios (SNR) than other algorithms. However, before LOF reached 100%, we also show that the GAN was more accurate at lower SNR levels.Comment: Submitted to 14th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ICSPCS) 202

Multi-subcarrier Physical Layer Authentication Using Channel State Information and Deep Learning

Strong authentication is crucial as wireless networks become more widespread and relied upon. The robust physical layer features produced by advanced communication networks lend themselves to accomplishing physical layer authentication by using channel state information (CSI). The use of deep learning with neural networks is well suited for classification tasks and can further the goal of enhancing physical layer security. To that end, we propose a semi-supervised generative adversarial network to differentiate between legitimate and malicious transmitters and accurately identify devices for authentication across a range of signal to noise ratio conditions. Our system leverages multiple input multiple output CSI across orthogonal frequency division multiplexing subcarriers using a small percentage of labeled training data

The Review of Economic Performance and Social Progress 2001: The Longest Decade: Canada in the 1990s

In this chapter, Frank Graves examines the relationship between what he describes as the "official economy," as portrayed by conventional measures of economic performance, and public perceptions of the state of the economy. He also considers the public's understanding of the relationship between economic and social well-being, and the linkages between the public's perception of economic performance and their attitudes toward the redistributive impact of the State and its broader social role. The analysis in the chapter is based on data from quantitative survey and evidence from qualitative focus group conducted over the past decade.Well-being, Wellbeing, Well Being, Social Progress, Social, Societal, Society, Values, Social Capital, Subjective Well-being, Subjective, Redistribution, Growth

The Review of Economic Performance and Social Progress 2002: Towards a Social Understanding of Productivity

In this chapter, Graves and Jenkins explore the attitudes of Canadians to productivity. The distinction between our standard of living and our quality of life is a powerful one for Canadians generally. The economic citizen who emerges from Graves and Jenkins data is relatively aware of the terms of the productivity debate. Canadians appear to have a broadly optimistic view of the economy, but give the country only a lukewarm overall rating of its productivity. Moreover, although improved productivity does not rank as highly as health care, education, the environment and crime prevention, the public does see it as an important goal, qualified by some scepticism. Nevertheless, the Canadian public's attitude towards productivity is qualified by a commitment to a broader sense of the quality of life. Graves and Jenkins report that Canadians place considerably higher emphasis on quality of life as a goal as compared with a high standard of living when these are traded off. This attitude also influences the public's reaction to policy debate about the productivity agenda. As well, in their words, "there is a significant gap in the understanding of how productivity should be dealt with between the residents of the boardrooms and the residents of the family rooms of Canada".Government, Productivity, Growth, Labour Productivity, Labor Productivity, Living Standards, Quality of Life, Policy, Public Opinion, Innovation, Jobs, Employment, Unemployment, Investment

The Spreading of Interest under the Actuarial Method.

Abstract Forthcoming

Hadron Spectroscopy with COMPASS -- Newest Results

The COMPASS experiment at the CERN SPS investigates the structure and spectrum of hadrons by scattering high energetic hadrons and polarised muons off various fixed targets. During the years 2002-2007, COMPASS focused on nucleon spin physics using 160 GeV/c polarised $\mu^+$ beams on polarised deuteron and proton targets, including measurements of the gluon contribution to the nucleon spin using longitudinal target polarisation as well as studies of transverse spin effects in the nucleon on a transversely polarised target. One major goal of the physics programme using hadron beams is the search for new states, in particular the search for $J^{PC}$ exotic states and glue-balls. COMPASS measures not only charged but also neutral final-state particles, allowing for investigation of new objects in different reactions and decay channels. In addition COMPASS can measure low-energy QCD constants like, e.g. the electromagnetic polarisability of the pion. Apart from a few days pilot run data taken in 2004 with a 190 GeV/c $\pi^{-}$ beam on a Pb target, showing a significant spin-exotic $J^{PC}$ = $1^{-+}$ resonance at around 1660 MeV/$c^{2}$, COMPASS collected high statistics with negative and positive 190 GeV/$c$ hadron beams on a proton (H$_2$) and nuclear (Ni, Pb) targets in 2008 and 2009. We give a selected overview of the newest results and discuss the status of various ongoing analyses.Comment: 7 pages, 13 figures, MESON2012 Conference Proceedings, to appear in the proceedings of the 12th International Workshop on Meson Production, Properties and Interaction, KRAK\'OW, POLAND, 31 May - 5 June 201

Projets entrepreneuriaux des etudiants algeriens et comparaison internationale

Les expériences des pays industrialisés dans la création de la richesse par le développement et la diversification de l’appareil productif, interrogent et suscitent un intérêt grandissant auprès des pays en voie de développement et émergents. Ces dernières décennies, plusieurs études, ont réussi à faire le rapprochement entre l’entrepreneuriat et le développement économique des pays (thomas et mueller, 2000), la création d’emplois (birch, 1987), la croissance économique (acs et armington, 2003) et l’innovation (reynolds et al., 1994). Toutefois, la question de l’entrepreneuriat des étudiants algériens demeure inexistante. A cet effet, cette communication a pour objectif de présenter certains résultats de l’enquête menée auprès des étudiants algériens (2011), parallèlement à leurs homologues canadiens (Québec) et européens (France et Belgique), vise à comparer leurs intentions d’entreprendre et à faire ressortir les différences quant aux facteurs psychologiques, socioculturels et économiques pouvant influencer cette intention. Les résultats semblent démontrer en premier lieu, que les analyses auprès de l’ensemble de l’échantillon confirment la pertinence de la théorie du comportement planifié (tcp) d’ajzen (1991). Cependant, les résultats des analyses par groupes culturels, démontrent que la tcp et les variables de contrôle ne sont pas significatifs pour les étudiants algériens contrairement à ceux des étudiants canadiens et européens qui se distinguent peu. Compte tenu du contexte socioéconomique algérien, on pourrait en déduire que l’entrepreneuriat algérien des étudiants universitaires soit davantage un entrepreneuriat de nécessité que d’opportunité. Mots clés : Entrepreneuriat, Étudiants, Intention d’entreprendre, groupes culturels, facteurs d’influence à la création

A noninvasive method for quantifying cerebral blood flow by hybrid PET/MRI

Although PET with 15O-water is the gold standard for imaging cerebral blood flow (CBF), quantification requires measuring the arterial input function (AIF), which is an invasive and noisy procedure. To circumvent this problem, we propose a noninvasive PET/MRI approach that eliminates the need to measure AIF by using global CBF determined by phase-contrast (PC) MRI as a reference region. This approach not only is noninvasive but also involves no additional imaging time, because PC MRI and 15O-water PET are acquired simultaneously. The purpose of this study was to test the accuracy of this hybrid method in an animal model in which AIF was measured directly and CBF was varied by changing the arterial CO2 tension. Methods: PET and MRI data were simultaneously acquired in juvenile pigs at hypocapnia (n 5 5), normocapnia (n 5 5), and hypercapnia (n 5 4). CBF was measured by the MRI reference method and by PET alone using an MRI-compatible blood sampling system to measure AIF. Results: Global CBF estimates from PC MRI and 15O-water PET agreed well, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9 and a slope of 0.88. Strong positive correlations (R2 . 0.96) were also found between regional CBF generated by the PET-only and the MRI-reference methods. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate the accuracy of this hybrid PET/MRI approach, which might prove useful in patients for whom obtaining accurate CBF measurements is challenging