La régulation du transport du glucose dans le muscle squelettique : l'implication des protéines AMPK et iNOS

Le tissu musculaire squelettique contribue considérablement au maintien de l’homéostasie du glucose chez l’humain. Que ce soit en situation postprandiale ou lors d’un travail musculaire, le muscle squelettique capte de grandes quantités de glucose sanguin à des fins d’entreposage ou de production d’énergie. Les voies de signalisation cellulaire impliquées dans la régulation du transport du glucose à l’intérieur de la cellule musculaire sont nombreuses et complexes. En présence de désordres physiologiques et/ou métaboliques, de nombreux médiateurs chimiques et enzymatiques peuvent interagir avec les différentes protéines de ces voies de signalisation et entraîner des perturbations importantes au niveau de l’homéostasie du glucose. Notre première étude nous a permis de confirmer l’implication de la protéine AMPK dans le transport du glucose induit par la contraction musculaire. L’AMPK est un senseur énergétique important activé dans le muscle squelettique au cours d’un effort physique. Toutefois, son rôle dans le transport du glucose induit par la contraction musculaire demeure controversé. Grâce à un modèle murin d’invalidation génétique de l’AMPK spécifique au tissu musculaire et à l’élaboration d’un protocole de contraction ex vivo approprié, nous avons établi l’importance de l’AMPK dans la régulation du transport du glucose. Notre seconde étude nous a permis de démontrer que l’incubation ex vivo prolongée du muscle épitrochléen modifie l’expression du transporteur de glucose GLUT1. Nous avons également observé l’induction de la protéine iNOS et la production du NO. Parallèlement, nous avons mesuré une augmentation de l’expression de GLUT1 à la suite d’une exposition au NO dans un modèle de cellules musculaires ainsi qu’une augmentation du transport basal du glucose. L’ensemble de nos résultats nous permet de consolider le lien causal entre la production du NO et la modulation de l’expression de GLUT1 et potentiellement, le développement de perturbations au niveau du métabolisme du glucose musculaire

Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus CGMCC1.3724 supplementation on weight loss and maintenance in obese men and women

The present study investigated the impact of a Lactobacillus rhamnosus CGMCC1.3724 (LPR) supplementation on weight loss and maintenance in obese men and women over 24 weeks. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised trial, each subject consumed two capsules per d of either a placebo or a LPR formulation (1·6×108 colony-forming units of LPR/capsule with oligofructose and inulin). Each group was submitted to moderate energy restriction for the first 12 weeks followed by 12 weeks of weight maintenance. Body weight and composition were measured at baseline, at week 12 and at week 24. The intention-to-treat analysis showed that after the first 12 weeks and after 24 weeks, mean weight loss was not significantly different between the LPR and placebo groups when all the subjects were considered. However, a significant treatment×sex interaction was observed. The mean weight loss in women in the LPR group was significantly higher than that in women in the placebo group (P=0·02) after the first 12 weeks, whereas it was similar in men in the two groups (P=0·53). Women in the LPR group continued to lose body weight and fat mass during the weight-maintenance period, whereas opposite changes were observed in the placebo group. Changes in body weight and fat mass during the weight-maintenance period were similar in men in both the groups. LPR-induced weight loss in women was associated not only with significant reductions in fat mass and circulating leptin concentrations but also with the relative abundance of bacteria of the Lachnospiraceae family in faeces. The present study shows that the Lactobacillus rhamnosus CGMCC1.3724 formulation helps obese women to achieve sustainable weight los

Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus CGMCC1.3724 supplementation on weight loss and maintenance in obese men and women

The present study investigated the impact of a Lactobacillus rhamnosus CGMCC1.3724 (LPR) supplementation on weight loss and maintenance in obese men and women over 24 weeks. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised trial, each subject consumed two capsules per d of either a placebo or a LPR formulation (1·6 × 108 colony-forming units of LPR/capsule with oligofructose and inulin). Each group was submitted to moderate energy restriction for the first 12 weeks followed by 12 weeks of weight maintenance. Body weight and composition were measured at baseline, at week 12 and at week 24. The intention-to-treat analysis showed that after the first 12 weeks and after 24 weeks, mean weight loss was not significantly different between the LPR and placebo groups when all the subjects were considered. However, a significant treatment × sex interaction was observed. The mean weight loss in women in the LPR group was significantly higher than that in women in the placebo group (P= 0·02) after the first 12 weeks, whereas it was similar in men in the two groups (P= 0·53). Women in the LPR group continued to lose body weight and fat mass during the weight-maintenance period, whereas opposite changes were observed in the placebo group. Changes in body weight and fat mass during the weight-maintenance period were similar in men in both the groups. LPR-induced weight loss in women was associated not only with significant reductions in fat mass and circulating leptin concentrations but also with the relative abundance of bacteria of the Lachnospiraceae family in faeces. The present study shows that the Lactobacillus rhamnosus CGMCC1.3724 formulation helps obese women to achieve sustainable weight loss