The lowest-mortality countries: their specifics and trends of development

Státy s nejnižší úrovní úmrtnosti na světě: jejich specifika a trendy vývoje Abstrakt Hlavním cílem této práce je analyzovat úmrtnostní poměry ve státech s nejnižší úrovní úmrtnosti mezi lety 1990 a 2013 za každé pohlaví odděleně. Pro zhodnocení vývojových trendů celkové úmrtnosti byl použit ukazatel naděje dožití při narození, dále pravděpodobnost úmrtí, která umožnila vyjádřit změny úmrtnosti podle věku, pomocí jednorozměrné dekompozice byly určeny příspěvky jednotlivých věkových skupin ke změně naděje dožití při narození. Pro detailnější pohled byla hodnocena úmrtnost na vybrané skupiny příčin smrti, která byla analyzována pomocí standardizované míry úmrtnosti. Dvourozměrná dekompozice umožnila kvantifikovat příspěvek věkových skupin a hlavních tříd příčin smrti a tím zhodnotit, jak se která věková skupina a skupina příčin smrti podílela na změně naděje dožití při narození. U všech států dochází ke snižování celkové úrovně úmrtnosti a není pozorováno žádné přerušení tohoto trendu. Výsledky ukazují, že se k sobě jednotlivé státy přibližují a nevykazují příliš velké rozdíly. Všechny vybrané státy se vyznačují poklesem úmrtnosti hlavně ve starších věkových skupinách. U států také dochází ke změně pořadí nejvýznamnějších příčin smrti, kdy skupinu příčin smrti na nemoci oběhové soustavy začínají postupně...The lowest-mortality countries: their specifics and trends of development Abstract The main objective of this work is to analyze mortality rates in countries with the lowest mortality rates between 1990 and 2013 for each gender separately. The life expectancy at birth indicator was used to assess the developmental trends of overall mortality, followed by the probability of death, which allowed for the expression of age-related mortality changes, and the contribution of individual age groups to the change in life expectancy at birth was determined by one-dimensional decomposition. For a more detailed look, the mortality rate of selected group of death causes was assessed using a standardized mortality rate. The two-dimensional decomposition allowed to quantify the contribution of age groups and the main causes of death and thus to evaluate how the age group and cause of death contributed to the change in life expectancy at birth. In all countries, the overall mortality rate is decreasing and no interruption of this trend is observed. The results show that the states are getting closer to each other and do not show much differences. All selected countries are characterized by a decline in mortality, mainly in older age groups. The states also change the order of the most important causes of death, when a...Katedra demografie a geodemografieDepartment of Demography and GeodemographyFaculty of SciencePřírodovědecká fakult

Analysis of natural organic dyes and pigments by mass spectrometry

SOUHRN Diplomová práce s názvem "Analýza přírodních organických barviv a pigmentů pomocí hmotnostní spektrometrie" pojednává o identifikaci vybraných přírodních organických barviv/pigmentů kvalitativní analýzou laserové desorpční-ionizační hmotnostní spektrometrie s průletovým analyzátorem (LDI-TOF MS). Výhodou metody LDI-TOF MS je její rychlá a spolehlivá identifikace nízkomolekulárních látek bez chemických a časově náročných předběžných úprav vzorků. Díky velmi nízké spotřebě vzorku může být tato metoda využita analýze uměleckých děl a také například k ověřování jejich pravosti. V této práci byla metoda LDI-TOF MS otestována na 19ti organických barvivech a pigmentech (např. alizarin, apigenin, baicalein, flavon, xanthon, kyselina taninová), čtyřech modelově připravených lacích (alizarinový, purpurinový, chrysinový a kvercetinový) a lacích smíchaných s organickými pojivy. Metoda byla také úspěšně aplikována na dva vzorky modré barvy, které byly odebrány z obrazu od Josefa Čapka s názvem Procházka datovaného do roku 1936.This thesis named "Analysis of natural organic dyes and pigments by mass spectrometry" investigates the identification of selected natural organic dyes and pigments by qualitative Laser Desorption/Ionisation - Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry analysis (LDI-TOF MS). The advantage of LDI-TOF MS method is its quick and reliable identification of low molecular weight material without preparatory chemical or time-consuming modification of samples. This method can be used for the analysis of works of art or for verifying their authenticity thanks to requiring only a little amount of sample. The LDI-TOF MS was tested on 19 organic dyes and pigments (e.g. alizarin, apigenin, baicalein, flavone, xanthone, tannic acid), four exemplarily prepared lakes (alizarin, purpurin, chrysin a quercetin lakes) and lakes mixed with organic binding media. The method was also successfully applied to two samples of blue color that were taken from Josef Čapek's painting called 'Procházka' (The Walk), that was dating back to 1936.Katedra chemie a didaktiky chemieFaculty of EducationPedagogická fakult

Italian music in the inventories of Nitra from the 18th and early 19th centuries

The town of Nitra has long been an important historical town and an important episcopal residence. Remarkable music inventories were preserved from the 18th century and the early 19th century, although sheet music was preserved only to a smaller extent. From the monastic background, only the Inventarium Chori Nitriensis scholarum Piarum 1749 is preserved. Another centre of the cultural as well as musical life in Nitra was the seat of the bishop, the Nitra Castle, where other significant inventories of sheet music can be found from 1802 and 1814, which are among the largest inventories from this period in the territory of today's Slovakia. These sources are stored in the Diocesan Archive in Nitra and contain registries of music from the 18th and 19th centuries. The study presents the specificities of the records from these inventories, the method of their registration, and their transformation, with an emphasis on the presence of Italian music in them

Czech-German (Austrian) language relations

NÁZEV Česko-německé (rakouské) jazykové vztahy - možnosti jazykové interference ABSTRAKT Předkládaná diplomová práce zkoumá jazykovou interferenci mezi češtinou a němčinou v oboru gastronomie. Tento jev se projevuje v mluvnické stavbě, výslovnosti a slovní zásobě. Pro výzkum byla vybrána poslední oblast. Rozhodla jsem se analyzovat 180 jídelních lístků z devíti rakouských spolkových republik. V nich jsem se snažila objevit 13 předem určených výrazů. Tato slova byla dle Newerkly užívána ve Středoevropském jazykovém areálu. Výskyt těchto pojmů v jídelních lístcích dokládá vzájemný jazykový vliv mezi češtinou a němčinou ve všech spolkových zemích Rakouska. Realizovaný výzkum ukázal, že nejvíce ovlivněnými oblastmi jsou Vídeň, Dolní Rakousko a Horní Rakousko. Pravděpodobně hlavním důvodem tohoto výsledku je intenzivní politická a hospodářská spolupráce mezi Čechy a Rakušany, která v minulosti probíhala na tomto území.TITLE Czech-German (Austrian) language relations - possibilities for language interference SUMMARY This diploma thesis examines the language interference between the Czech and the German in the field of gastronomy. This phenomenon is reflected in the composition of grammar, pronunciation and vocabulary. The last area has been selected for a research. I decided to analyze 180 menu cards in the nine states of Austria. In those menu cards I tried to discover 13 in advance chosen words, which have been used in the Central-European language area according to Newerkla. Appearance of those 13 words in menu cards proves mutual language influence between the Czech and the German in each state of Austria. The research, I conducted, shows that the most influenced states are Vienna, Lower and Upper Austria. Probably the main reason for the result is that in these areas the most intensive political and economic cooperation between Czechs and Austrians took place.Katedra germanistikyFaculty of EducationPedagogická fakult

The Role of Setting in the Golden Age Detective Novel

Analyses of crime fiction often focus on the plot, characters and their social positioning but tend to pay much less attention to the actual setting. Employing the concept of active and passive relationships of setting and plot, G. J. Demko’s notion of cultural and physical space as well as other theories of literary representation of place, the article discusses the role of setting in the Golden Age crime fiction, namely in Agatha Christie’s The Mysterious Affair at Styles and Third Girl.

The fading of Cassiopeia A, and improved models for the absolute spectrum of primary radio calibration sources

Based on five years of observations with the 40-foot telescope at Green Bank Observatory (GBO), Reichart & Stephens (2000) found that the radio source Cassiopeia A had either faded more slowly between the mid-1970s and late 1990s than Baars et al. (1977) had found it to be fading between the late 1940s and mid-1970s, or that it had rebrightened and then resumed fading sometime between the mid-1970s and mid-1990s, in L band (1.4 GHz). Here, we present 15 additional years of observations of Cas A and Cyg A with the 40-foot in L band, and three and a half additional years of observations of Cas A, Cyg A, Tau A, and Vir A with GBO's recently refurbished 20-meter telescope in L and X (9 GHz) bands. We also present a more sophisticated analysis of the 40-foot data, and a reanalysis of the Baars et al. (1977) data, which reveals small, but non-negligible differences. We find that overall, between the late 1950s and late 2010s, Cas A faded at an average rate of $0.670 \pm 0.019$ %/yr in L band, consistent with Reichart & Stephens (2000). However, we also find, at the 6.3$\sigma$ credible level, that it did not fade at a constant rate. Rather, Cas A faded at a faster rate through at least the late 1960s, rebrightened (or at least faded at a much slower rate), and then resumed fading at a similarly fast rate by, at most, the late 1990s. Given these differences from the original Baars et al. (1977) analysis, and given the importance of their fitted spectral and temporal models for flux-density calibration in radio astronomy, we update and improve on these models for all four of these radio sources. In doing so, we additionally find that Tau A is fading at a rate of $0.102^{+0.042}_{-0.043}$ %/yr in L band.Comment: 17 pages, 12 figures, accepted to MNRA

Availability of physical activities for children with disabilities in their leisure time in Písek.

Intention of this bachelor thesis is to examine and to analyze possibilities of integration children aged 8 - 15 years with mental, visual and hearing impairment disabilities in district Písek. This work is divided in theoretical part that explains general view of the term disabilities of children, outlines the importance of integrating children with disabilities to the society with intact children. The characteristic and classification of mental, visual and auditory disabilities are explained and at the same time the possibilities of using suitable sports for individual levels of handicap are described. Theoretical part also describes the district Písek and its offer of free time motion activities. At the same time the meaning and importance of free time activities with reference to healthy style of life is emphasized. In practical part a survey is performed. 18 coaches, 25 children with disabilities, 28 intact children and 7 directors from schools and sports facility participated in the survey. Based on the opinions of coaches and specialized workers, most of them agrees with integration of children with disabilities to the motion activities with intact children. However they aren't able to provide special lead of these activities, because 44 % of them does not have sports education. The excellent report was a clear 100 % agreement on the integration of disabled children by all school heads and sports schools. And they confirmed the answers from children with disabilities, and 52 % of children would like to engage in physical activity with intact children

Driving school analysis and suggestion for improving

Práce se zabývá analýzou autoškoly Prima. Nejprve jsou analyzovány podmínky provozování autoškoly, učitelé, vybavení a webové stránky. Poté je analyzován technologický postup pro získávání řidičského průkazu skupiny B. Na závěr jsou navrženy změny ke zlepšení podmínek provozování, nabízených služeb a prezentace autoškoly.The work is concerned with analysis of the Prima driving school. Analysis is carried out first of the driving school business operations, driving instructors, facilities and the website. Then the process leading to obtaining a driving licence category B is analysed in detail. Finally, some suggestions for improving business operations, service offers and the school's presentation are outlined.Dopravní fakulta Jana Perner