44 research outputs found

    L’élĂšve Ă  risque et l’expression de la rĂ©silience : une Ă©tude longitudinale centrĂ©e sur la personne

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    Cette Ă©tude exploratoire avait pour but de dĂ©crire l’adaptation scolaire et sociale d’élĂšves dits Ă  risque en raison de leur exposition soutenue Ă  un niveau Ă©levĂ© de stress familial lorsque l’enfant Ă©tait ĂągĂ© de 4 et 7 ans. Parmi les 12 familles les plus stressĂ©es, deux groupes distincts d’enfants ont Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ©s sur la base d’indices de problĂ©matiques de santĂ© mentale Ă  7 ans. Ces deux groupes se distinguent clairement par la prĂ©sence de symptĂŽmes intĂ©riorisĂ©s et des conduites d’hyperactivitĂ© dans le groupe dit Ă  risque. Des prĂ©curseurs intra-individuels et relationnels Ă  4 ans pouvant avoir agi comme des facteurs de risque et de protection ont Ă©tĂ© pris en compte. Des variables concomitantes d’adaptation scolaire, d’estime de soi et de sentiments envers l’école Ă  7 ans ont Ă©galement Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©es. Les rĂ©sultats suggĂšrent l’importance de la qualitĂ© de l’attachement en bas Ăąge et d’un Ă©quilibre entre les facteurs positifs et nĂ©gatifs des pratiques Ă©ducatives parentales pour l’adaptation ultĂ©rieure de l’élĂšve. De plus, Ă  la suite de notre analyse, il apparaĂźt important de tenir compte de la perception de l’élĂšve dans l’évaluation de son adaptation scolaire et sociale. Ainsi, les rĂ©sultats sont discutĂ©s Ă  la lumiĂšre de la problĂ©matique actuelle de dĂ©finition de la rĂ©silience.The aim of this exploratory study is to describe the school and social adaptation of at-risk students between the ages of 4 and 7 in the context of high stress family life. Among the 12 families with the highest stress, the authors identified two distinct groups of children based on the indices of mental health problems at age 7. These two groups were clearly delineated by the presence of internalized symptoms and by hyperactive behaviour in the at-risk group. Some intra-individual and relational pre-cursors at age 4 were considered as risk and as protective factors. Other variables of school adaptation as self esteem and sentiments towards school at age 7 were also analyzed. The results show the importance of the quality of feelings of attachment at a young age and a balance between positive and negative factors of parental educational practices for the student’s future adaptation. Following the analysis, it appears important to take into account a student’s perception in evaluating school and social adaptation. The results are discussed in light of the current definition of resilience.Este estudio exploratorio tenĂ­a por objetivo describir la adaptaciĂłn escolar y social de alumnos llamados de riesgo debido a su exposiciĂłn sostenida a un nivel elevado de estrĂ©s familiar cuando el niño tenĂ­a ente 4 y 7 años de edad. Dentro de las 12 familias las mĂĄs estresadas, dos distintos grupos de niños fueron identificados en base a Ă­ndices de problemĂĄticas de salud mental a los 7 años. Se distinguen claramente estos dos grupos por la presencia de sĂ­ntomas internalizados y de conductas de hiperactividad en el grupo llamado de riesgo. Fueron tomados en cuenta unos precursores intra-individuales y relacionales a los 4 años que pudieron haber actuado como factores de riesgo y de protecciĂłn. TambiĂ©n fueron analizadas algunas variables concomitantes de adaptaciĂłn escolar, de autoestima y de sentimientos hacia la escuela a los 7 años. Los resultados sugieren la importancia de la calidad del afecto en edad temprana y de un equilibrio entre los factores positivos y negativos de las prĂĄcticas educativas parentales para la adaptaciĂłn ulterior del alumno. AdemĂĄs, a raĂ­z de nuestro anĂĄlisis, cabe destacar la importancia de tomar en cuenta la percepciĂłn del alumno en la evaluaciĂłn de su adaptaciĂłn escolar y social. AsĂ­, se estudian los resultados a la luz de la problemĂĄtica actual de definiciĂłn de la resiliencia

    Peroxiredoxin 6 Fails to Limit Phospholipid Peroxidation in Lung from Cftr-Knockout Mice Subjected to Oxidative Challenge

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    Oxidative stress plays a prominent role in the pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis (CF). Despite the presence of oxidative stress markers and a decreased antioxidant capacity in CF airway lining fluid, few studies have focused on the oxidant/antioxidant balance in CF cells. The aim of the current study was to investigate the cellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative damage and enzymatic antioxidant defenses in the lung of Cftr-knockout mice in basal conditions and as a response to oxidative insult

    Risk maps for range expansion of the Lyme disease vector, Ixodes scapularis, in Canada now and with climate change

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    <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Lyme disease is the commonest vector-borne zoonosis in the temperate world, and an emerging infectious disease in Canada due to expansion of the geographic range of the tick vector <it>Ixodes scapularis</it>. Studies suggest that climate change will accelerate Lyme disease emergence by enhancing climatic suitability for <it>I. scapularis</it>. Risk maps will help to meet the public health challenge of Lyme disease by allowing targeting of surveillance and intervention activities.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A risk map for possible Lyme endemicity was created using a simple risk algorithm for occurrence of <it>I. scapularis </it>populations. The algorithm was calculated for each census sub-division in central and eastern Canada from interpolated output of a temperature-driven simulation model of <it>I. scapularis </it>populations and an index of tick immigration. The latter was calculated from estimates of tick dispersion distances by migratory birds and recent knowledge of the current geographic range of endemic <it>I. scapularis </it>populations. The index of tick immigration closely predicted passive surveillance data on <it>I. scapularis </it>occurrence, and the risk algorithm was a significant predictor of the occurrence of <it>I. scapularis </it>populations in a prospective field study. Risk maps for <it>I. scapularis </it>occurrence in Canada under future projected climate (in the 2020s, 2050s and 2080s) were produced using temperature output from the Canadian Coupled Global Climate Model 2 with greenhouse gas emission scenario enforcing '<it>A2</it>' of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We have prepared risk maps for the occurrence of <it>I. scapularis </it>in eastern and central Canada under current and future projected climate. Validation of the risk maps provides some confidence that they provide a useful first step in predicting the occurrence of <it>I. scapularis </it>populations, and directing public health objectives in minimizing risk from Lyme disease. Further field studies are needed, however, to continue validation and refinement of the risk maps.</p

    Caractérisation du déséquilibre rédox des cellules de l'épithélium respiratoire des souris invalidées pour le gÚne Cftr (importance de la peroxyrédoxine 6)

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    La mucoviscidose est une maladie hĂ©rĂ©ditaire causĂ©e par des mutations du gĂšne Cftr. Elle est caractĂ©risĂ©e par une infection chronique de l appareil respiratoire et une rĂ©ponse inflammatoire exacerbĂ©e associĂ©es Ă  un stress oxydant qui joue un rĂŽle important dans la pathologie pulmonaire. L implication de CFTR dans le transport de glutathion suggĂšre que CFTR pourrait ĂȘtre un acteur important de l homĂ©ostasie rĂ©dox du poumon. Si beaucoup de donnĂ©es confirment le rĂŽle de CFTR sur l Ă©quilibre rĂ©dox extracellulaire, l impact de CFTR sur l Ă©quilibre rĂ©dox intracellulaire a Ă©tĂ© peu Ă©tudiĂ©. Le but de ce travail Ă©tait de prĂ©ciser les relations entre la protĂ©ine CFTR et l homĂ©ostasie rĂ©dox dans les cellules respiratoires. Nous nous sommes intĂ©ressĂ©s au niveau d oxydation des lipides et Ă  la peroxyrĂ©doxine 6, principal systĂšme antioxydant enzymatique impliquĂ© dans l Ă©limination des phospholipides hydroperoxydĂ©s au niveau pulmonaire. Nous avons montrĂ© qu il existe des modifications constitutives du niveau d espĂšces oxydantes endogĂšnes et des dĂ©fenses enzymatiques antioxydantes des cellules pulmonaires des souris Cftr-/-. Les expĂ©riences de challenge oxydatif in vivo ont rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© que les poumons Cftr-/- prĂ©sentent des niveaux plus Ă©levĂ©s de peroxydation des phospholipides que les contrĂŽles lorsqu ils sont soumis Ă  une situation de stress oxydant. L analyse du niveau d expression et des modifications post-traductionnelles de la peroxyrĂ©doxine 6 a mis en Ă©vidence une altĂ©ration des capacitĂ©s de ce systĂšme de dĂ©fense chez les souris Cftr-/-. Ce travail a permis de conforter l hypothĂšse d un rĂŽle de CFTR comme acteur Ă  part entiĂšre dans la rĂ©gulation de l homĂ©ostasie rĂ©dox intracellulaire.PARIS-BIUSJ-Physique recherche (751052113) / SudocSudocFranceF

    L’élĂšve Ă  risque et l’expression de la rĂ©silience : une Ă©tude longitudinale centrĂ©e sur la personne

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    Cette Ă©tude exploratoire avait pour but de dĂ©crire l’adaptation scolaire et sociale d’élĂšves dits Ă  risque en raison de leur exposition soutenue Ă  un niveau Ă©levĂ© de stress familial lorsque l’enfant Ă©tait ĂągĂ© de 4 et 7 ans. Parmi les 12 familles les plus stressĂ©es, deux groupes distincts d’enfants ont Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ©s sur la base d’indices de problĂ©matiques de santĂ© mentale Ă  7 ans. Ces deux groupes se distinguent clairement par la prĂ©sence de symptĂŽmes intĂ©riorisĂ©s et des conduites d’hyperactivitĂ© dans le groupe dit Ă  risque. Des prĂ©curseurs intra-individuels et relationnels Ă  4 ans pouvant avoir agi comme des facteurs de risque et de protection ont Ă©tĂ© pris en compte. Des variables concomitantes d’adaptation scolaire, d’estime de soi et de sentiments envers l’école Ă  7 ans ont Ă©galement Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©es. Les rĂ©sultats suggĂšrent l’importance de la qualitĂ© de l’attachement en bas Ăąge et d’un Ă©quilibre entre les facteurs positifs et nĂ©gatifs des pratiques Ă©ducatives parentales pour l’adaptation ultĂ©rieure de l’élĂšve. De plus, Ă  la suite de notre analyse, il apparaĂźt important de tenir compte de la perception de l’élĂšve dans l’évaluation de son adaptation scolaire et sociale. Ainsi, les rĂ©sultats sont discutĂ©s Ă  la lumiĂšre de la problĂ©matique actuelle de dĂ©finition de la rĂ©silience.The aim of this exploratory study is to describe the school and social adaptation of at-risk students between the ages of 4 and 7 in the context of high stress family life. Among the 12 families with the highest stress, the authors identified two distinct groups of children based on the indices of mental health problems at age 7. These two groups were clearly delineated by the presence of internalized symptoms and by hyperactive behaviour in the at-risk group. Some intra-individual and relational pre-cursors at age 4 were considered as risk and as protective factors. Other variables of school adaptation as self esteem and sentiments towards school at age 7 were also analyzed. The results show the importance of the quality of feelings of attachment at a young age and a balance between positive and negative factors of parental educational practices for the student’s future adaptation. Following the analysis, it appears important to take into account a student’s perception in evaluating school and social adaptation. The results are discussed in light of the current definition of resilience.Este estudio exploratorio tenĂ­a por objetivo describir la adaptaciĂłn escolar y social de alumnos llamados de riesgo debido a su exposiciĂłn sostenida a un nivel elevado de estrĂ©s familiar cuando el niño tenĂ­a ente 4 y 7 años de edad. Dentro de las 12 familias las mĂĄs estresadas, dos distintos grupos de niños fueron identificados en base a Ă­ndices de problemĂĄticas de salud mental a los 7 años. Se distinguen claramente estos dos grupos por la presencia de sĂ­ntomas internalizados y de conductas de hiperactividad en el grupo llamado de riesgo. Fueron tomados en cuenta unos precursores intra-individuales y relacionales a los 4 años que pudieron haber actuado como factores de riesgo y de protecciĂłn. TambiĂ©n fueron analizadas algunas variables concomitantes de adaptaciĂłn escolar, de autoestima y de sentimientos hacia la escuela a los 7 años. Los resultados sugieren la importancia de la calidad del afecto en edad temprana y de un equilibrio entre los factores positivos y negativos de las prĂĄcticas educativas parentales para la adaptaciĂłn ulterior del alumno. AdemĂĄs, a raĂ­z de nuestro anĂĄlisis, cabe destacar la importancia de tomar en cuenta la percepciĂłn del alumno en la evaluaciĂłn de su adaptaciĂłn escolar y social. AsĂ­, se estudian los resultados a la luz de la problemĂĄtica actual de definiciĂłn de la resiliencia

    Besoins de formation continue des psychoéducateurs et des psychoéducatrices du Québec et besoins spécifiques des diplÎmés récents

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    L’étude vise Ă  identifier les besoins de formation continue des membres de l’Ordre des psychoĂ©ducateurs et psychoĂ©ducatrices du QuĂ©bec (OPPQ) et Ă  explorer les diffĂ©rences entre les membres nouvellement diplĂŽmĂ©s (depuis moins de 5 ans) et les autres membres. Une enquĂȘte en ligne a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e entre le 15 mai 2014 et le 15 aoĂ»t 2014. Mille trente-quatre (1034) membres ont acceptĂ© de rĂ©pondre au questionnaire dont 174 (16,8 %) membres rĂ©cemment diplĂŽmĂ©s. Les rĂ©sultats montrent qu’il existe des besoins en formation continue, et ce, principalement pour les compĂ©tences liĂ©es Ă  la dĂ©marche d’évaluation, Ă  l’exercice du rĂŽle-conseil et au soutien aux personnes ou aux groupes. Les diplĂŽmĂ©s rĂ©cents se distinguent des autres membres : 1) en se montrant gĂ©nĂ©ralement plus intĂ©ressĂ©s Ă  suivre une formation pour un bon nombre de compĂ©tences; et 2) concernant le niveau de formation souhaitĂ© oĂč ils sont proportionnellement plus intĂ©ressĂ©s Ă  suivre une formation de niveau intermĂ©diaire et moins intĂ©ressĂ©s Ă  suivre une formation de base ou avancĂ©.The aim of the study was to identify the continuing professional development (CPD) needs of the members of the Ordre des psychoĂ©ducateurs et psychoĂ©ducatrices du QuĂ©bec (OPPQ) and to explore differences in this regard between new members (graduates of the past five years) and other members. To this end, an online survey was conducted from May 15 to August 15, 2014. Of the 1034 members that agreed to complete the questionnaire, 174 (16.8 %) were recent graduates. Results show that there is a need for CPD primarily regarding the competencies required to perform evaluations, provide counseling and support individuals and groups. Recent graduates differ from other members in two ways: 1) they are generally more interested in undergoing training for a large number of competencies; and 2) proportionally more are interested in intermediate-level training and proportionally fewer in basic- or advanced-level training

    Effet diffĂ©renciĂ© du chien d’assistance selon la sĂ©vĂ©ritĂ© de l’autisme chez l’enfant

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    L’entraĂźnement et l’attribution de chiens d’assistance pour les enfants qui prĂ©sentent un trouble du spectre de l’autisme (TSA) gagnent en popularitĂ©. Les bienfaits documentĂ©s concernent tant les aspects physiologiques que comportementaux : diminution du stress et de l’anxiĂ©tĂ©, augmentation des interactions sociales, dĂ©veloppement du langage, entre autres Ă©lĂ©ments. Toutefois, les facteurs explicatifs de ces bienfaits sont peu documentĂ©s. Objectif : La prĂ©sente Ă©tude explore l’effet diffĂ©renciĂ© de l’introduction d’un chien d’assistance dans les familles d’enfants autistes ĂągĂ©s entre cinq et neuf ans, selon le degrĂ© de sĂ©vĂ©ritĂ© des dĂ©ficits liĂ©s au TSA. MĂ©thode : Un nombre de 91 parents d’enfants ayant reçu un chien d’assistance de la Fondation Mira ont rempli un questionnaire sur le niveau de fonctionnement de l’enfant en diffĂ©rents domaines un mois avant et trois mois aprĂšs l’attribution de leur chien. Les rĂ©sultats ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©s en fonction de la sĂ©vĂ©ritĂ© des symptĂŽmes de l’enfant, Ă©tabli Ă  l’aide de la traduction en français de la Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) (Schopler et al., 1980), par Bernadette RogĂ© (1989). RĂ©sultats : En se basant sur les rĂ©ponses au questionnaire, les enfants prĂ©sentant des symptĂŽmes d’autisme allant de moyens Ă  sĂ©vĂšres semblent bĂ©nĂ©ficier davantage et de maniĂšre significative de la prĂ©sence du chien d’assistance que les enfants plus lĂ©gĂšrement atteints. Discussion : La sĂ©vĂ©ritĂ© de l’autisme pourrait ĂȘtre prise en compte lors des dĂ©marches d’obtention d’un chien d’assistance afin de mieux accompagner les familles vivant avec un enfant ayant un TSA. Cet article explore les concepts thĂ©oriques sous-jacents aux effets du chien selon diffĂ©rents domaines de vie, afin de contribuer Ă  l’amĂ©lioration continue et le dĂ©veloppement de meilleures pratiques dans le dans le champ d’étude du TSA et du chien d’assistance.The training and allocation of service dogs for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is gaining in popularity. The documented benefits relate to both physiological and behavioral aspects: stress and anxiety reduction, increased social interactions, and language development among others. However, the associated factors that may have an impact on these benefits have yet to be tested. Objective: The purpose of this study is to explore the differentiated effect of introducing a service dog in families of autistic children between the ages of five and nine, depending on the severity of the ASD-related deficits. Method: Ninety-one parents of children who received a service dog from the Mira Foundation completed a questionnaire on the child’s level of functioning for various domains one month before and three months after their dog was awarded. The results were studied based on the symptoms of the child according to two groups of severity, established using the French version of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) (Schopler et al., 1980). Results: Based on the responses to the questionnaire, children with moderate to severe symptoms of autism appear to benefit more significantly from the presence of the service dog than children with milder symptoms. Discussion: Autism severity could be taken into consideration in the processes of applying for an assistance dog in order to better serve families living with a child with ASD. This article explores the theoretical concepts underlying the effects of the dog in different areas of life in order to contribute to the continuous improvement and the development of best practices in the still innovative field of assistance dogs for young people living with ASD

    Possible Role of Adipose Tissue and the Endocannabinoid System in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pathogenesis: Can Rimonabant Return?

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    International audienceThis is the main conclusion of a recent study describing a strong relationship between the degree of obesity and the severity of COVID‐19 infection. Obesity has various negative consequences relative to the course of COVID‐19, including adverse effects on lung physiology, and induces comorbidities such as type II diabetes or hypertension. However, additional mechanisms involving the low‐grade inflammatory state accompanying obesity can also be suggeste

    FOXL2 homozygous genotype and chromosome instability are associated with recurrence in adult granulosa cell tumors of the ovary

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    International audienceIntroduction: Adult granulosa cell tumors (aGCTs) are extremely rare tumors characterized by the presence of the single missense mutation (c.402 C>G, p. C134W) in the FOXL2 gene. These tumors are frequently associated with a slow, indolent disease progression and a high probability of aggressive tumor recurrence. Hence, the identification of molecular markers that are predictive of recurrence and/or aggressive behavior would be a great asset in the management of aGCT. The present study focused on the influence of the FOXL2 genotype (heterozygous or homozygous) and copy number variations (CNVs) in recurrence by comparing the primary tumor with recurrent lesions in the same patient. We performed array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) experiments and FOXL2 genotyping by allelic discrimination on 40 tumor samples.Results and discussion: In array CGH results of recurrent tumors, few samples presented the multiple chromosome losses and gains characteristic of chromosome instability (CIN). We also observed that three recurrent tumors and one primary tumor appeared to be homozygous for the FOXL2 c.402C>G mutation. Interestingly, the homozygous FOXL2 genotype was correlated with a shorter time to relapse. A change in the FOXL2 genotype in cases of recurrence was correlated with the appearance of CIN.Conclusion: Despite the small number of matching primary and recurrent tumors analyzed here, the present study is the first to have shown that the FOXL2 homozygous genotype and CIN are prevalent in recurrent aGCTs. The two mechanisms are probably linked, and both almost certainly have a role in the molecular transformation of aGCT

    Can antidepressants unlock prescription of rimonabant in the fight against COVID-19?

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    International audienceWe read with real enthusiasm the paper by Hoertel et al. showing an “association between antidepressant use and reduced risk of intubation or death in hospitalized patients with COVID-19”. Their observation reinforces preliminary data of a double-blind, randomized clinical trial showing significant reduction of COVID-19 worsening in outpatients treated with fluvoxamine. By the time those promising results should obviously stimulate organization of large randomized clinical trials on the use of antidepressants in the fight against COVID-19, we want to plead for introducing rimonabant combined to an antidepressant in some of those trials as well as in preclinical studies
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