Temporal trends and risks factors for antimicrobial resistant Enterobacteriaceae urinary isolates from outpatients in Guadeloupe.

International audienceUrinary tract infections are bacterial infections most commonly encountered in the community. The resistance rate of uropathogens to commonly prescribed antibiotics has increased worldwide but there are no published data concerning the resistance of strains isolated from community-acquired UTI in Guadeloupe. To assess the susceptibility patterns of Enterobacteriaceae strains isolated from outpatients in Guadeloupe we conducted a prospective study from December 2012 to May 2014 among outpatients consulting at private and public laboratories for urine analysis. Risk factors for E. coli resistance to amoxicillin, third-generation cephalosporin, and ciprofloxacin were also determined. To study the trends of E. coli resistance rates over the past 10 years, data on the susceptibility patterns of E. coli from 2003 to 2014 were also collected from three major laboratories for a retrospective study. During the prospective study, we isolated 1293 bacterial strains from the urine of outpatients presenting for urine analysis. The most commonly isolated bacteria were E. coli (57 %) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (15.5 %). Thirty seven per cent of the E. coli strains were resistant to amoxicillin. Resistance rates to third generation cephalosporin were low for E. coli and other Enterobacteriaceae (3.1 and 12.2 % respectively) and mostly due to the presence of an Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase. Resistance to cotrimoxazole and ciprofloxacin was moderate (17.8 and 15.6 % respectively). However, the resistance rate of E. coli to ciprofloxacin has significantly increased during the last 10 years. Risk factors were consistent with previously reported data, especially for the increasing ciprofloxacin resistance with age. General practitioners in Guadeloupe need to be better informed to favor the prescription of fosfomycin-trometamol to reduce the risk of resistance to fluoroquinolones

Antimicrobial resistance in outpatient Escherichia coli urinary isolates in Dakar, Senegal.

International audienceBACKGROUND: Data regarding the evolution of antimicrobial resistance are needed to suggest appropriate empirical treatment of urinary tract infections (UTI) in developing countries. To assess the antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli, the predominant pathogen in community-acquired UTI, a prospective multicenter study was carried out in Dakar, Senegal. METHODOLOGY: From February 2004 to October 2006, 1010 non-duplicate E. coli strains were collected from four centres. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using disk diffusion method according to the recommendations of the CA-SFM (2004). RESULTS: Most of the isolates were resistant to amoxicillin (73.1%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (67.5%), cephalothin (55.8%), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (68.1%). Extended spectrum beta-lactamase was detected in 38 strains. The overall resistance rates to nalidixic acid, norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin were 23.9%, 16.4% and 15.5%, respectively. Most of the strains were susceptible to gentamicin, nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin (respective susceptibility rates, 93.8%, 89.9%, and 99.3%). During this period, a significant decrease in sensitivity was observed for cephalothin, fluoroquinolones and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole may no longer be used as empirical treatment for community-acquired UTI in Dakar. In order to preserve the activity of fluoroquinolones for future years, alternatives such as fosfomycin or nitrofurantoin should be considered

Prévalence et spécificité des anticorps antinucléaires dans les lymphomes non hodgkiniens avant tout traitement

LYON1-BU Santé (693882101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Viral exanthema in the Americas during the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic infection: dengue or COVID‐19?

International audienc

Impact of Therapeutic Treatment with β-Lactam on Transfer of the blaCTX-M-9 Resistance Gene from Salmonella enterica Serovar Virchow to Escherichia coli in Gnotobiotic Rats▿

The conjugative transfer of the plasmid carrying the blaCTX-M-9 gene from Salmonella enterica serovar Virchow isolated from a chicken farm to a recipient Escherichia coli strain was evaluated in vitro and in axenic rats inoculated with both strains, with or without selective pressure due to therapeutic doses of cefixime. The transfer of the blaCTX-M-9 gene of S. enterica serovar Virchow to E. coli was confirmed in vitro, at a low frequency of 5.9 × 10−8 transconjugants/donors. This transfer rate was higher in gnotobiotic rats and reached ∼10−5 transconjugants/donors without selective pressure. This frequency was not affected by the addition of therapeutic doses of cefixime. Thus, estimates of in vitro transfer underestimated potential transfer in the digestive tract, and therapeutic doses of cefixime did not increase the selection for transconjugants

Antimicrobial use and resistance level in food-producing animals in Guadeloupe

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Environmental reservoirs of ECC clusters VIII in Guadeloupe, French West Indies

International audienceSpecies of Enterobacter cloacae complex (ECC) are widely distributed in the environment and are part of the gut microbiota of both animals and humans. Anolis marmoratus, an endemic and anthropophilic lizard of Guadeloupe, is a natural carrier of ECC and in particular of strains resistant to third generation cephalosporins (3GCR). Bacteria belonging to this complex are also major opportunistic pathogens which draw attention by their involvement in nosocomial infections and the emergence of multidrug resistant clones. Using hsp60 genotyping, ECC is divided into 12 genetic clusters (cluster I-XII) and a loosely knit group (cluster XIII). Strains belonging to clusters III, VI and VIII are prominent in human infections.We collected ECC strains (n=155) isolated from different sources (anoles, environment and clinical samples). We characterized these strains according to their antibiotic resistance phenotypes. Nearly 28% of strains sampled from environment and anoles were resistant to 3GC. This specific resistance was related to the overexpression of the AmpC cephalosporinase. We identified the cluster for each strain by using hsp60 genotyping. Cluster VIII was predominant in A. marmoratus feces (n=37, 38.9%) and in water catchment (n=10, 45.6%). We sequenced 58 strains of C-VIII (33 from clinical isolates: 26 from France and 7 from Guadeloupe, and 25 from anoles). A Maximum likelihood analysis based on core genome alignment revealed a clear split of isolates into two main clusters depending on sources: the first one clustering most of clinical samples together (from France and Guadeloupe, n=29) but also 5 strains isolated from anoles. The second cluster was mainly constituted by strains from anoles (n=20) and by 4 clinical samples. These results suggest first that bacteria resistant to third generation cephalosporins exist in environmental reservoirs in Guadeloupe. Moreover, exchange of ECC C-VIII strains may happen between human and anoles within a One Health appr

Draft Genome Sequence of Enterobacter oligotrophicus, Isolated from the Microbiome of a Lizard in the Caribbean

International audienceHere, we describe the genome sequence of ECC486. This Enterobacter oligotrophicus strain was isolated from a wild Anolis marmoratus speciosus specimen, a lizard endemic to the territory of Guadeloupe (French West Indies). Its draft genome sequence consists of 40 contigs and contains a total of 4,504,233 bp, with a G+C content of 54.1%

Draft genome sequence of Enterobacter chengduensis ECC445, isolated from fresh water in the West Indies.

Objectives The Enterobacter cloacae complex is considered an important opportunistic pathogen. It comprises many members that remain difficult to delineate by phenotypic approaches. Despite its importance in human infection, there is a lack of information on associated members in other compartments. Here we report the first de novo assembled and annotated whole-genome sequence of a E. chengduensis strain isolated from the environment. Data description ECC445 specimen was isolated in 2018 from a drinking water catchment point in Guadeloupe. It was clearly related to E. chengduensis species according to hsp60 typing and genomic comparison. Its whole-genome sequence is 5,211,280-bp long divided into 68 contigs, and presents a G + C content of 55.78%. This genome and associated datasets provided here will serve as a useful resource for further analyses of this rarely reported Enterobacter species