Occupational Activities and Cognitive Reserve: a Frontier Approach Applied to the Survey on Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe

The aim of this paper was to use a parametric stochastic frontier approach (coming from the economic literature) to explore the impact of the concept of activity (taken in a broad sense: i.e., including both professional and non-professional activities) on the constitution and the care of cognitive reserve among the European population aged 50 and up. For this purpose, we use individual data collected during the first wave of SHARE (Survey on Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe) performed in 2004. The advantages of this survey were (1) it included a large population (n = 18,623) geographically distributed throughout Europe; and (2) it simultaneously analyzed several dimensions (physical and mental health, mobility, occupational activities, socioeconomic status, etc.). Our results confirm the positive impact of occupational activities on the cognitive functioning of elderly people. These results are discussed in terms of the prevention of cognitive aging and Alzheimer’s disease, and more particularly of retirement policy issues.

The no-reflow phenomenon: State of the art

SummaryPrimary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is the best available reperfusion strategy for acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), with nearly 95% of occluded coronary vessels being reopened in this setting. Despite re-establishing epicardial coronary vessel patency, primary PCI may fail to restore optimal myocardial reperfusion within the myocardial tissue, a failure at the microvascular level known as no-reflow (NR). NR has been reported to occur in up to 60% of STEMI patients with optimal coronary vessel reperfusion. When it does occur, it significantly attenuates the beneficial effect of reperfusion therapy, leading to poor outcomes. The pathophysiology of NR is complex and incompletely understood. Many phenomena are known to contribute to NR, including leukocyte infiltration, vasoconstriction, activation of inflammatory pathways and cellular oedema. Vascular damage and haemorrhage may also play important roles in the establishment of NR. In this review, we describe the pathophysiological mechanisms of NR and the tools available for diagnosing it. We also describe the microvasculature and the endothelial mechanisms involved in NR, which may provide relevant therapeutic targets for reducing NR and improving the prognosis for patients

Rôle des protéines matricielles dans l’hypoxie et l’angiogenèse / Role of matrix proteins in hypoxia and angiogenesis

Recherche Page web : https://www.college-de-france.fr/site/en-cirb/germain.htm. The sequence of biological events that permits an organism to maintain tissue viability in hypoxia remains poorly understood. Variations in oxygen concentration lead to respiratory, metabolic and vascular adaptations in tissues. How hypoxic endothelial cells (EC) integrate chemical signals with mechanical cues from their local tissue microenvironment in order to produce functional capillary networks that exhibit s..

Retraite, activités non professionnelles et vieillissement cognitif. Une exploration à partir des données de Share

peer reviewedUne approche en termes de frontières d’effi cacité peut être utilisée pour étudier les relations entre les fonctions cognitives des personnes âgées de plus de 50 ans en Europe d’une part, et différents facteurs, plus particulièrement l’âge, l’éducation et l’exercice d’activités, professionnelles ou non, d’autre part. Le but est de construire une « frontière » correspondant au fonctionnement cognitif optimal que chacun des individus est censé atteindre étant donné son âge et son niveau d’éducation. À cette fi n, nous utilisons des données individuelles collectées durant la première vague de l’enquête internationale et interdisciplinaire Share de 2004, laquelle contient le résultat de tests cognitifs réalisés auprès de plus de 22 000 individus âgés, ainsi que des informations sur leur état de santé, mentale et physique, leur situation socio-économique, leur entourage familial, l’exercice d’activités professionnelles ou non professionnelles, l’isolement social et les performances cognitives individuelles mesurées à l’aide de tests. En plus du rôle fondamental joué par l’éducation face au vieillissement cognitif, le fait de rester en activité, ainsi que la pratique d’une activité non professionnelle ou d’activités physiques, vigoureuses ou modérées, sont positivement associés à la constitution des « réserves cognitives » individuelles. La mise à disposition des données des vagues successives de Share , prévues tous les deux ans auprès des mêmes individus, pourrait permettre de déterminer les liens de causalité subjacents

Retirement and cognitive reserve: a stochastic frontier approach applied to survey data

This paper proposes the use of the stochastic frontier approach to analyse the relationship between cognitive performance, retirement and non-professional activities of the 50+ individuals using data from three surveys conducted in Europe (the Survey on Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe and the English Longitudinal Survey on Ageing) and United States (the Health and Retirement Study). Next to the strong relationship between cognitive performance, age and education, this study highlights the negative effect of retirement and the positive impact of non-professional activities and social contacts

Constraint Singularity-Free Design of the IRSBot-2

International audienceThis paper deals with the constraint analysis of a novel two-degree-of-freedom (DOF) spatial translational parallel robot for high-speed applications named the IRSBot-2 (acronym for IRCCyN Spatial Robot with 2 DOF). Unlike most two-DOF robots dedicated to planar translational motions this robot has two spatial kinematic chains that provide a very good intrinsic stiffness. First, the robot architecture is presented and its constraint singularity conditions are given. Then, its constraint singularities are analyzed in its parameter space based on a cylindrical algebraic decomposition. Finally, a deep analysis is carried out in order to determine the sets of design parameters of the IRSBot-2 that prevent it from reaching any constraint singularity. To the best of our knowledge, such an analysis is performed for the first time

Relative efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy administered by videoconference for posttraumatic stress disorder : a six-month follow-up

Until recently, only one study was published on cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in individual therapy via videoconference (Germain, Marchand, Bouchard, Drouin, & Guay, 2009); however, it only assessed the posttreatment effect. This study presents the follow-up of Germain et al.’s (2009) study. The main goal was to compare the effectiveness after six months of CBT for PTSD either face-to-face (n = 24) or by videoconference (n = 12). Each participant received CBT for 16 to 25 weeks and completed various questionnaires before and after treatment and at a six-month follow-up. The two treatments had equivalent levels of symptom reduction (Modified PTSD Symptom Scale: η2 .05) and proportion of patients with a clinically significant change in symptoms (42% for face-to-face vs. 38% for videoconferencing, p > .05). Thus, CBT for PTSD via videoconference seems to be a viable alternative when adequate face-to-face treatments are less available

Retirement, Non-Professional Activities and Cognitive Ageing. An investigation Based on Share Data,

We apply frontier analysis tools to study the relationship between cognitive functioning and factors like age, education and occupational activities, professional or not, among individuals aged 50 year and more in Europe. We use individual data collected in the first wave of Share in 2004. Other than data on cognitive tests, Share contains detailed information on health status, socioeconomic characteristics and family composition for more than 22,000 individuals. The results highlight that, other than the main role played by education in cognitive ageing prevention, also delaying retirement, the practice of non-professional activities and moderate or vigorous physical activities are positively related to the constitution of individuals cognitive reserve. This is a first step in the study of these relations using Share. A deeper analysis, allowing to assess the causality links underlying these relationships, would be possible when the next waves of Share, conducted every two-year on the same individuals, will be available.Cognitive Ageing, Retirement, Non-Professional Activities, Stochastic Frontier

Occupational Activities and Cognitive Reserve: a Frontier Approach Applied to the Survey on Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE)

The aim of this paper was to use a parametric stochastic frontier approach (coming from the economic literature) to explore the impact of the concept of activity (taken in a broad sense: i.e., including both professional and non-professional activities) on the constitution and the care of cognitive reserve among the European population aged 50 and up. For this purpose, we use individual data collected during the first wave of SHARE (Survey on Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe) performed in 2004. The advantages of this survey were (1) it included a large population (n = 18,623) geographically distributed throughout Europe; and (2) it simultaneously analyzed several dimensions (physical and mental health, mobility, occupational activities, socioeconomic status, etc.). Our results confirm the positive impact of occupational activities on the cognitive functioning of elderly people. These results are discussed in terms of the prevention of cognitive aging and Alzheimer’s disease, and more particularly of retirement policy issues

Bibliothèque productrice : de l’accès au savoir à la production de connaissances, vers un changement de paradigme ? (La)

A l’ère de l’Internet le rapport au savoir évolue et la concurrence des moteurs de recherche pèse sur les bibliothèques. Le public est moins monolithique dans ses usages et dans ses pratiques. Pour les suivre, les bibliothèques se « virtualisent » et proposent de nouveaux corpus qui les font évoluer dans son positionnement. Si elles donnent toujours accès au savoir elles éditent et produisent des connaissances