Effectiveness of pure argon for renal transplant preservation in a preclinical pig model of heterotopic autotransplantation

International audienceBackground: In kidney transplantation, the conditions of organ preservation following removal influence function recovery. Current static preservation procedures are generally based on immersion in a cold‑storage solution used under atmospheric air (approximately 78 kPa N2, 21 kPa O2, 1 kPa Ar). Research on static cold‑preservation solutions has stalled, and modifying the gas composition of the storage medium for improving preservation was considered. Organoprotective strategies successfully used noble gases and we addressed here the effects of argon and xenon on graft preservation in an established preclinical pig model of autotransplantation. Methods: The preservation solution Celsior saturated with pure argon (Argon‑Celsior) or xenon (Xenon‑Celsior) at atmospheric pressure was tested versus Celsior saturated with atmospheric air (Air‑Celsior). The left kidney was removed, and Air‑Celsior (n = 8 pigs), Argon‑Celsior (n = 8) or Xenon‑Celsior (n = 6) was used at 4 °C to flush and store the transplant for 30 h, a duration that induced ischemic injury in our model when Air‑Celsior was used. Hetero‑ topic autotransplantation and contralateral nephrectomy were performed. Animals were followed for 21 days. Results: The use of Argon‑Celsior vs. Air‑Celsior: (1) improved function recovery as monitored via creatinine clear‑ ance, the fraction of excreted sodium and tubulopathy duration; (2) enabled diuresis recovery 2–3 days earlier; (3) improved survival (7/8 vs. 3/8 pigs survived at postoperative day‑21); (4) decreased tubular necrosis, interstitial fibrosis, apoptosis and inflammation, and preserved tissue structures as observed after the natural death/euthanasia; (5) stimulated plasma antioxidant defences during the days following transplantation as shown by monitoring the " reduced ascorbic acid/thiobarbituric acid reactive substances " ratio and Hsp27 expression; (6) limited the inflamma‑ tory response as shown by expression of TNF‑alpha, IL1‑beta and IL6 as observed after the natural death/euthanasia. Conversely, Xenon‑Celsior was detrimental, no animal surviving by day‑8 in a context where functional recovery, renal tissue properties and the antioxidant and inflammation responses were significantly altered. Thus, the positive effects of argon were not attributable to the noble gases as a group. Conclusions: The saturation of Celsior with argon improved early functional recovery, graft quality and survival. Manipulating the gas composition of a preservation medium constitutes therefore a promising approach to improve preservation

Therapeutic Anticoagulant Does not Modify Thromboses Rate Vein after Venous Reconstruction Following Pancreaticoduodenectomy

Recommendations for anticoagulation following major venous reconstruction for pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PA) are not clearly established. The aim of our study was to find out the relation between postoperative anticoagulant treatment and thrombosis rate after portal venous resection. Materials and methods. Between 1986 and 2006, twenty seven portal vein resections were performed associated with pancreaticoduodenectomies (n = 27) (PD).We defined four types of venous resection: type I was performed 1 cm above the confluent of the superior mesenteric vein (SMV) (n = 12); type II lateral resection and venorrhaphy at the level of the confluent SMV (n = 12); type III (n = 1) resulted from a primary end-to-end anastomosis above confluent and PTFE graph was used for reconstruction for type IV (n = 2). Curative anticoagulant treatment was always indicated after type IV (n = 2) resection, and after resection of type II when the length of venous resection was longer than ≥2 cm. Results. Venous thrombosis rate reached: 0%, 41%, and 100% for type I, II, IV resections, respectively. Among them four patients received curative anticoagulant treatment. Conclusion. After a portal vein resection was achieved in the course of a PD, curative postoperative anticoagulation does not prevent efficiently the onset of thrombosis

Contribution à l'étude du contrôle réflexe des muscles respiratoires chez l'homme et l'animal

AIX-MARSEILLE2-BU Méd/Odontol. (130552103) / SudocPARIS-BIUP (751062107) / SudocSudocFranceF

Prévention et traitement du cancer anal chez les patients VIH atteint de condylomatose

AIX-MARSEILLE2-BU Méd/Odontol. (130552103) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

La Coloproctectomie totale avec anastomose ileo-anale laparoscopique et infliximab

AIX-MARSEILLE2-BU Méd/Odontol. (130552103) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Impact de la laparoscopie sur la fertilité après coloproctectomie totale et anastomose iléo-anale chez la femme (étude bi-centrique)

AIX-MARSEILLE2-BU Méd/Odontol. (130552103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Les plaies par arme blanche et leur prise en charge aux urgences

Les plaies par armes blanches représentent la cause la plus fréquente de plaies pénétrantes et surviennent principalement au décours d’une agression ou d’une tentative de suicide. La gravité dépend du caractère superficiel ou pénétrant de la plaie, de sa localisation, et des organes lésés. La prise en charge doit être connue car le risque vital est engagé quand la plaie est pénétrante. Les patients dont l’hémodynamique est instable doivent être opérés sans délai après réalisation d’une radio de thorax et d’une échographie Focus assisted sonography for trauma –FAST- guidant la voie d’abord. Chez les patients stables, l’examen clinique orienté, l’exploration de la plaie et des examens d’imagerie dépistent les lésions nécessitant une prise en charge chirurgicale. Les plaies pénétrantes par armes blanches requièrent une étroite et rapide collaboration entre les équipes, adaptée aux moyens de l’établissement d’accueil

Biomechanical characterisation of fresh and cadaverous human small intestine: applications for abdominal trauma

Intestinal injuries are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality arising from trauma to the abdomen. The biomechanical characterisation of the small intestine allows for the understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for these injuries. Studies reported in the literature focus principally on quasi-static tests, which do not take into account the stresses

Assessment of team training in management of adverse acute events occurring during cardiopulmonary bypass procedure: a pilot study based on an animal simulation model (Fouilloux, Team training in cardiac surgery)

Successful cardiac surgery is highly dependent upon effective and efficient teamwork. Practical training and development will further enhance the team ability to react to a series of low-frequency occurring adverse events during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). One of our specialized educational programs focuses on training the whole team. This training is based on an original animal simulation model. The objective of this pilot study was to assess our method of training and learning in an attempt to optimize and improve team management and functioning. Methods: Four members of the same cardiac surgery team joined our program. They performed a common procedure, with a cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) circuit set up to produce several adverse incidents. Events management was ana¬lyzed and debriefed in technical and non-technical perspectives. Results: Management of the adverse events was significantly improved. Discussion and debriefing time was fundamental in identifying the most appropriate management for each event. Rescue procedures were assimilated and team training was found to be effective, with the time reduced by up to 50% for 3 events and by up to 70% for air embolism. Conclusion: Our pilot program is an innovative, low-cost tool for the improvement of the management of adverse events occurring during CPB. It includes the different components of surgical education and training. Such an educational tool might be relevant for training. To confirm those encouraging results, it should be assessed in a larger surgical team panel. Further investigations are required for assessing efficiency in real conditions

Évaluation préliminaire de l'impact d'un stage pilote d'initiation à la gestuelle chirurgicale sur l'acquisition des habiletés techniques de base par les internes de chirurgie de premier semestre

Contexte : L'apprentissage de l'habileté technique chirurgicale (HTC) dans le système français de formation en chirurgie repose essentiellement sur l'immersion en situation réelle et le compagnonnage. De nouvelles contraintes pèsent sur l'exercice de la chirurgie dans les centres hospitaliers universitaires et pourraient réduire l'efficience de ce mode unique de transmission de l'HTC. Objectif : Évaluer l'impact sur l'acquisition de gestes chirurgicaux élémentaires (suture, ligature) d'un stage d'initiation à la gestuelle chirurgicale (SIGC) basé sur l'apprentissage et l'entraînement sur modèle inanimé hors bloc opératoire en complément du mode habituel d'apprentissage par immersion compagnonnage. Méthodes : Nous avons comparé lors d'un exercice standardisé de suture et ligature proposé 3 mois après le début du premier stage hospitalier, les performances (scores et durée) d'un groupe d'internes premier semestre exposé au SIGC, à celles d'un groupe d'internes premier semestre non exposés. Résultats : La moyenne du score de performance obtenu, était de 23,9 (15–28) pour le groupe exposé contre 17,1 (2–24) pour le groupe non exposé (p=0{,}036). Le test de connaissance du matériel était aussi en faveur du groupe exposé. Le temps moyen de suture ne montrait qu'une tendance en faveur du groupe exposé. Conclusion : Nos résultats suggèrent un impact positif et mesurable d'un stage de technique préliminaire en début d'internat de chirurgie sur la rapidité d'acquisition de gestes de base de chirurgie. Ce type d'enseignement basé sur la simulation pourrait être un complément essentiel au principe d'immersion/compagnonnage pour la transmission de l'HTC