MD-1, a poly herbal formulation indicated in diabetes mellitus ameliorates glucose uptake and inhibits adipogenesis – an in vitro study

Abstract Background Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is a polygenic disease requiring a multipronged therapeutic approach. In the current scenario, the use of polyherbals is increasing among the diabetics. MD-1, a poly herbal formulation is constituted as a mixture of six popular anti diabetic herbs, used in the management of Diabetes mellitus (DM). The physicochemical, biochemical and in vitro efficacy studies have been carried out to ascertain the possible mechanisms underlying the anti-diabetic action of MD-1. Methods MD-1 was evaluated for residual toxins as per Ayurvedic Pharmacoepia of India (API) procedures. The hydro alcoholic extract of the formulation (HAEF) was evaluated for anti oxidant activity against 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) and nitric oxide radicals in vitro. The effect of HAEF on carbohydrate digestive enzymes α-glucosidase and α-amylase was studied using biochemical assays. HAEF was studied for its glucose lowering potential in L6 myotubes and 3T3L1 preadipocytes, using 2-deoxy-D-[1-3H] glucose (2-DG) uptake assay. Effect of MD-1 on adipogenesis was evaluated in 3T3L1 adipocytes using oil O red staining. The effect of HAEF on mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) in 3T3L1 adiocytes was investigated by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Statistical analysis was performed by student t-test, ANOVA. Results Residual toxins present within the API limits and HAEF demonstrated strong antioxidant potential and significantly inhibited the α-glucosidase (IC50 63.6 ± 0.46 μg/mL) and α-amylase (IC50 242.81 ± 1.26 μg/mL) activity. HAEF significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced the insulin stimulated glucose uptake in both the cell lines studied. Unlike standard pioglitazone (PGZ), HAEF modulated the mRNA expression of PPARγ and GLUT4 (p < 0.0001) in 3T3L1 adipocytes, without inducing adipogenesis. Conclusion Physicochemical parameters established in the study may serve as reference standards in regular quality control. Absence of residual toxins underpins the safety. The enhanced glucose uptake and favorable modulation of insulin sensitivity through a plausible weak PPARγ agonism is similar to the distinct PPARγ activation pattern of several reported natural compound agonists. The differential binding modes of such dynamic combinatorial ligands within the formulation unlike synthetic ligands like thiozolidinediones (TZD) can be linked to the safe mitigation of diabetic complications by MD-1

Data set on the characterization of the phytoestrogenic extract and isolated compounds of the roots of Inula racemosa Hook F (Asteraceae)

The data presented in this article are related to the research article entitled ‘ Phyto estrogenic effect of Inula racemosa Hook. f – A cardio protective root drug in traditional medicine, (Mangathayaru K, Divya R, Srivani T et al., 2018) [1]. It describes the characterization details of the root extract and the compounds isolated from them that were shown to be phytoestrogenic in vivo and in vitro respectively. Keywords: Alantolactone, Isoalantolactone, Stigmasterol glycoside, Inuli

Isolation and evaluation of cytogenetic effect of Brahmi saponins on cultured human lymphocytes exposed <i>in vitro</i>

<div><p>Major saponins of Brahmi (<i>Bacopa monniera</i>, Fam: Scrophulariaceae) – bacosides A and B – were isolated from the total methanol extract and characterised based on melting point, TLC, IR, ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR. They were evaluated for their <i>in vitro</i> cytogenetic effects on human peripheral blood lymphocytes by chromosomal aberration (CA) assay and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) assay. The frequency of chromatid type aberrations and reciprocal interchanges between sister chromatids in the treated cells was scored in comparison to the untreated control. At 30 μg/mL dose, bacoside A showed a statistically significant increase in the frequency of both CA and SCE and bacoside B showed an increase only in SCE. Our report of the genotoxicity of the saponins is significant in view of the reports of anticancer activity of Brahmi extracts.</p></div

<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-US; mso-bidi-language:HI" lang="EN-GB">Scientific validation of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Siddha</i> formulation <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Sirupeelai Samoola</i> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Kudineer </i>in the treatment of renal calculi in zinc implantation model</span>

650-657Sirupeelai samoola kudineer<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";="" mso-bidi-font-family:mangal;color:black;mso-ansi-language:en-gb;mso-fareast-language:="" en-us;mso-bidi-language:hi"="" lang="EN-GB"> prescribed for the treatment of urolithiasis was prepared as per Siddha text and validated in male Sprague Dawley rats using Zinc implantation model. Urolithiasis was induced by implantation of pre weighed and sterile zinc disc in the urinary bladder of the rats with supplementation of ethylene glycol for 3 weeks. After induction, rats were treated with SK (4.5 ml/kg) and at the end of the study, animals were scarified and zinc disc was removed from the urinary bladder. The effect of SK on disc weight, urinary volume, pH and specific gravity besides qualitative analysis of urinary parameters was investigated at 0th, 7th, 14th and 21st day. SK treatment reduced weight of the stones significantly when compared to its vehicle control. A significant decrease in the levels of stone and renal markers was observed in the SK treated group when compared to vehicle control group. A significant increase in the levels of antioxidants such as GSH, GPx, SOD and decrease in TBARS with concomitant restoration of the membrane stabilizing enzymes Na+ K+ ATPase, Ca2+ ATPase and Mg2+ ATPase was observed. The results, concluded that SK possess significant stone dissolving property through its diuretic, antioxidant and membrane stabilizing property</span