An Efficient Transmission Power Control Scheme for Temperature Variation in Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks collect data from several nodes dispersed at remote sites. Sensor nodes can be installed in harsh environments such as deserts, cities, and indoors, where the link quality changes considerably over time. Particularly, changes in transmission power may be caused by temperature, humidity, and other factors. In order to compensate for link quality changes, existing schemes detect the link quality changes between nodes and control transmission power through a series of feedback processes, but these approaches can cause heavy overhead with the additional control packets needed. In this paper, the change of the link quality according to temperature is examined through empirical experimentation. A new power control scheme combining both temperature-aware link quality compensation and a closed-loop feedback process to adapt to link quality changes is proposed. We prove that the proposed scheme effectively adapts the transmission power to the changing link quality with less control overhead and energy consumption

Effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge of risk factors, complications and prevention of arthritis among the selected population at Kadamalaipudhur Village, Kanchipuram District

Effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge of risk factors, complications and prevention of arthritis among the selected population at Kadamalaipudhur village, Kanchipuram district. OBJECTIVES: 1. To assess the level of knowledge on risk factors, complications and prevention of arthritis among the selected population who are residing at kadamalaipudhur. 2. To evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on risk factors, complications and prevention on arthritis among the selected population who are residing at kadamalaipudhur. 3. To explore the association between selected demographic variables with knowledge score among the selected population who are residing at kadamalaipudhur. HYPOTHESIS: H1- There will be significant difference between the pre and post test knowledge scores regarding risk factor, complications and prevention of arthritis among the people. H2- There will be a significant association between post test knowledge scores with their selected demographic variables. ASSUMPTION: Majority of people who are residing in village has lack of knowledge on risk factors, complications and prevention of arthritis. Assessing the level of knowledge of people, enable awareness of knowledge regarding arthritis. METHODOLOGY: RESEARCH APPROACH: In this study a quantitative evaluatory approach used to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on risk factors, complications and prevention measures among the people. RESEARCH DESIGN: Quasi experimental design in which one group pre test post test design approach is used to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme. SETTING OF THE STUDY: The study is conducted at kadamalaipudhur village, kanchipuram district, Tamilnadu. POPULATION: People aging 35years and above who are residing at kadamalaipudhur village, kanchipuram district. SAMPLE SIZE: 100 People residing in kadamalaipudhur village, kanchipuram district, during the period of data collection are selected as samples. SAMPLE TECHNIQUE: Simple random sampling technique is used. CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF SAMPLE: Inclusion criteria: 1. Age above 35years. 2. Who are willing to participate in this study. 3. Who are residing at Kadamalaipudhur Village. Exclusion criteria 1. People who don‟t know Tamil or English language. 2. People who are not co-operative. SUMMARY: The present study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of knowledge on risk factors, complications and prevention of arthritis among the selected population in kadamalaipudhur village. Quasi experimental research design was used for this study. 100 people who met inclusion criteria had been selected from Kadamalaipudhur Village by using simple random sampling technique. The investigator first introduced himself to the people and developed a rapport with them. The pre test was conducted with the questionnaire given to the people regarding knowledge of arthritis. After seven days the post test was conducted by using same evaluation tool. The data collected had been grouped and analyzed by using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. CONCLUSION: In pretest out of 100people, 69(69%) people had inadequate knowledge and 31(31%) had moderately adequate knowledge. In posttest 6 (6%) had moderately adequate knowledge and 94 (94%) had adequate knowledge. The "t" value 32.365 was compared with tabulated table value at the level of P< 0.05 was significant. So it is concluded that the structured teaching programme on knowledge of risk factors, complications and prevention of arthritis was effective

pi^0 pi^0 Scattering Amplitudes and Phase Shifts Obtained by the pi^- P Charge Exchange Process

The results of the analysis of the pi^0 pi^0 scattering amplitudes obtained with pi^- P charge exchange reaction, pi^- P --> pi^0 pi^0 n, data at 9 GeV/c are presented. The pi^0 pi^0 scattering amplitudes show clear f_0(1370) and f_2(1270) signals in the S and D waves, respectively. The pi^0 pi^0 scattering phase shifts have been obtained below Kbar K threshold and been analyzed by the Interfering Amplitude method with introduction of negative background phases. The results show a S wave resonance, sigma. Its Breit-Wigner parameters are in good agreement with those of our previous analysis on the pi^+ pi^- phase shift data.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures. Proceedings of the int. conf. Hadron'99 at Beijing, Aug. 1999. Presented for the collaboration of A.M.Ma, K.Takamatsu, M.Y.Ishida, S.Ishida, T.Ishida, T. Tsuru and H. Shimizu, and the E135 collaboration. For our activities on sigma, visit http://amaterasu.kek.jp/sigm