EFFECT OF LEAD ON MALE REPRODUCTION IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODEL

Introduction: In early 1960's, there is a first evidence of the toxic effects ionizing radiation on elevated oxygen levels in aerobes and proposed that oxygen toxicity is due to free radical formation. An alteration between oxidants and antioxidants in favour of the oxidants, potentially leading to damage is termed 'oxidative stress'. Lead and cadmium do not have any detectable beneficial biological roles rather it produces detrimental effects on biochemical, physiological and behavioral dysfunctions. Even a little lead poisoning can cause serious health problems, and at very high levels, it can be fatal. Mainly it affects the heamopoeitc system, Liver, Kidney, Cardiovascular system and reproductive system. Methodology: Experimental rats, injected intraperitoneally with lead acetate for 15 days at the dosage of 50, 100 mg/kg/day body weight and compared to control rats injected with deionized distilled water instead. At the end of study testis were removed and right testis was used for testicular antioxidant Malandealdehyde (MDA) levels estimation by Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance assay and left testis was used for histopathological analysis. Unpaired t test and ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. Results : The MDA (nmole /gm tissue) levels in control, lead 50mg, lead 100mg groups were 12.16±0.4, 17.06±0.16 and 18.11±0.13. Histopathology examination Lumen showing decreased sperm count and maturation. Some of the lumens showing absence sperm maturation. Conclusion: Study on lead-exposed rat testis have shown that reduction of spermatogenesis formation and sperm maturation. Increased MDA levels indicate that it may be due to oxidative stress. The toxicity of lead was noted at level ≥50mg/kg. Key words: Lead; Lipid peroxidation; Male reproduction; Testicular histology

Some Studies on life of Track Pin Rubber Bushes .

Track pin an important component in the tracks of heavy armoured vehicles is made of steel surrounded by rubber bush. This construction enables the pin to transmit the torsional loads. As the failure of track pin makes the vehicle immobilised, it is important to ensure a specified life for these pins. As the pin is made of rubber and steel, the theoretical studies become difficult. An attempt has been made to find out the parameters that influence the life of track pins. A finite element method is used to estimate the stresses in the rubber. The temperature rise due to the torsional loads, computed using the energy equation is found to be 64.86 °c for 1800 s at a speed of 30 km/hr. close to that obtained from actual field measurements

Anticonvulsant effect of nifedipine, dizepam and in combination on pentylenetetrazol induced experimental models of epilepsy on albino rats

Background: In many patients, the presently available antiepileptic drugs such as phenobarbital, phenytoin, benzodiazepines, sodium valproate, etc., are unable to control seizures efficiently and the problem of adverse effects has also not been circumvented completely and approximately 30% of the patients continue to have seizures with current antiepileptic drugs therapy. Hence, search should continue to develop newer, more effective, and safer neuro-protective agents for treatment of epilepsy. Aim of the study was to investigate the activity of nifedipine, the dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, diazepam, the benzodiazepine anti- convulsant of established efficacy and their combinations against rat models of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) induced convulsions. Method: Wister albino rats of either sex, weighing between 150-220gm were used. Rats were divided into 10 groups, in each group n=6 total N=60.Methods: PTZ was administration 30 min after test drug administration. Intraperitoneal injection of PTZ at the dose of 80mg/Kg body weight were administered to the rats to produce chemically-induced seizure. The effect of nifedipine and diazepam were assessed on such seizure model. The onset and duration of clonic convulsion were recorded.Results: The onset time of PTZ-induced clonic convulsion was significantly prolonged with the Nifedipine in the doses of 4mg and 8mg per Kg. in comparison to nifedipine in dose of 2mg per Kg. The interesting observation was that while Diazepam in 1mg/Kg. dose significantly (P<0.05) prolonged the onset time, there was significant decrease (P <0.001) in the onset time of PTZ-induced clonic convulsion with diazepam in doses of 2 and 4mg per Kg. in comparison to Diazepam 1mg per Kg. But the combination of diazepam 2.5 mg and Nifedipine 2.6mg and 5.3mg exhibited significant prolongation of the onset time. Diazepam 1 and 2mg per Kg was found to be equally effective in reduction of convulsion time, while 4mg dose showed more reduction of convulsion time. The combination of diazepam and nifedipine showed no better reduction in the convulsion time and also valproic acid in doses of 135mg. Kg.Conclusions: Nifedipine (3-5mg/Kg) and diazepam (2.5mg/Kg.) combination delayed the onset of convulsion. Diazepam 2mg / Kg. alone was effective in reduction of duration of convulsion. The combination dose having 2.6mg of nifedipine showed comparable protection with valproic acid 135mg per Kg. while the combination having 5.3mg of nifedipine showed significantly better protection. 

EFFECT OF LEAD ON MALE REPRODUCTION IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODEL

Introduction: In early 1960\u27s, there is a first evidence of the toxic effects ionizing radiation on elevated oxygen levels in aerobes and proposed that oxygen toxicity is due to free radical formation. An alteration between oxidants and antioxidants in favour of the oxidants, potentially leading to damage is termed \u27oxidative stress\u27. Lead and cadmium do not have any detectable beneficial biological roles rather it produces detrimental effects on biochemical, physiological and behavioral dysfunctions. Even a little lead poisoning can cause serious health problems, and at very high levels, it can be fatal. Mainly it affects the heamopoeitc system, Liver, Kidney, Cardiovascular system and reproductive system. Methodology: Experimental rats, injected intraperitoneally with lead acetate for 15 days at the dosage of 50, 100 mg/kg/day body weight and compared to control rats injected with deionized distilled water instead. At the end of study testis were removed and right testis was used for testicular antioxidant Malandealdehyde (MDA) levels estimation by Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance assay and left testis was used for histopathological analysis. Unpaired t test and ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. Results : The MDA (nmole /gm tissue) levels in control, lead 50mg, lead 100mg groups were 12.16±0.4, 17.06±0.16 and 18.11±0.13. Histopathology examination Lumen showing decreased sperm count and maturation. Some of the lumens showing absence sperm maturation. Conclusion: Study on lead-exposed rat testis have shown that reduction of spermatogenesis formation and sperm maturation. Increased MDA levels indicate that it may be due to oxidative stress. The toxicity of lead was noted at level ≥50mg/kg. Key words:&nbsp;Lead; Lipid peroxidation; Male reproduction; Testicular histology

Software reuse in a paralysis dataset based on categorical clustering and the Pearson distribution

AbstractSoftware reuse is the process of building software applications that make use of formerly developed software components. In this paper, we explain the benefits that can be obtained from using statistical procedures for prescribing medicines, especially in rural areas, which have limited resources available on hand. It should be noted that although the expert systems were successful in research, they never dominated the market when actual patient treatment was considered. The proposed methodology is compared with the categorical clustering technique. The Fenton and Melton Coupling Metric is considered for the evaluation of the statistic model. The reliability of this methodology is also considered

Some Restriction Coefficients for the Trivial and Sign Representations

We use character polynomials to obtain a positive combinatorial interpretation of the multiplicity of the sign representation in irreducible polynomial representations of $GL_n(\mathbb{C})$ indexed by two-column and hook partitions. Our method also yields a positive combinatorial interpretation for the multiplicity of the trivial representation of $S_n$ in an irreducible polynomial representation indexed by a hook partition.Comment: 15 pages, comments welcome

Software Reuse in Cardiology Related Medical Database Using K-Means Clustering Technique

Software technology based on reuse is identified as a process of designing software for the reuse purpose. The software reuse is a process in which the existing software is used to build new software. A metric is a quantitative indicator of an attribute of an item or thing. Reusability is the likelihood for a segment of source code that can be used again to add new functionalities with slight or no modification. A lot of research has been projected using reusability in reducing code, domain, requirements, design etc., but very little work is reported using software reuse in medical domain. An attempt is made to bridge the gap in this direction, using the concepts of clustering and classifying the data based on the distance measures. In this paper cardiologic database is considered for study. The developed model will be useful for Doctors or Paramedics to find out the patients level in the cardiologic disease, deduce the medicines required in seconds and propose them to the patient. In order to measure the reusability K means clustering algorithm is used.Comment: 5 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1212.031

Efficacy of lysine versus mupirocin in the treatment of non-diabetic foot ulcer: the sessing scale for assessment of pressure ulcer

Background: This present studies intended to evaluate the wound healing ability, efficacy and tolerability of lysine cream (15%) in non- diabetic foot ulcer assessed by way of sessing scale.Methods: A randomized, open-label, interventional study was directed on 20 subjects (participants) non-diabetic ulcers. Participants were grouped into two groups, control (n=10) and case (n=10). The control was treated with standard treatment with mupirocin and the test group was treated with standard treatment alongside lysine cream (15%) twice every day. Wound healing in the participants was assessed by the sessing scales.Results: A total of 20 participants were allotted into two groups. The results expressed as mean±standard deviation values imply the size and depth of the foot ulcer from the first week to the 8th week. Both the groups showed a significant increase the ulcer healing and decrease the pressure of foot ulcer of over a period of 8 weeks. Assessment of the first week showed no significant ulcer healing and its pressure. The overall outcome indicated that the lysine-treated group extensively reduced each of the parameters favouring wound healing than the standard therapy with mupirocin (control group).Conclusions: Results concluded that, lysine cream is better efficacious in the repair of wound and additionally well tolerated compared to mupirocin

Physical Modeling of Process Forces in Grinding

This paper deals with material removal mechanisms in grinding by considering single grit-workpiece interactions. Individual investigations were performed both experimentally and using finite element simulations. Firstly, a comparison between the Johnson-Cooke material model and a Crystal Plasticity finite element method was performed with the help of micro-indentation experiments. Here the research question was answered if an anisotropic material model better describe the grinding process and process forces compared to an isotropic material model. Secondly, four discretization approaches were employed: pure Lagrangian (LAG), Arbitrary Lagrange Eulerian (ALE), Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM), and Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH), to simulate a micro-cutting operation of A2024 T351 aluminium. This study aims to compare the conventional approaches (LAG and ALE) to newer approaches (PFEM and SPH). The orthogonal cutting models were benchmarked against a micro-cutting experiment presented in literature, by comparing the obtained cutting and passive forces. The study was then extended to negative rake angles to study the effect on the discretization approaches for grinding. Thirdly, scratch experiments were investigated for a brittle material sodalime glass and A2024 T351 aluminium. Effects of the linear speed of the device, depth of cut, and conical tool angle were analyzed and tendencies are built. Finally, a realistic simulation of the manufacturing process of a grinding wheel was developed, starting with the raw material, compression, sintering, and dressing until the final grinding surface. As a result of the simulations, virtual grinding wheel topographies can be visualized and analyzed with regard to the output variables from grinding wheels such as bonding strength and static grain count. The individual research studies help in understanding the material removal mechanisms in a single grit scratch process as well as in the understanding of the overall grinding wheel topography. This in turn helps in the developing an overall physical force model for scratching/grinding to predict mechanical output parameters and hence reduce the need for experimentation