Simulation of Particle Impact with a Wedge in Dilute Two-phase Flow

Dilute solid-fluid flow over a wedge in a stationary channel is numerically solved using one-way coupling between fluid and solid particles. The two-dimensional, steady, laminar carrierphaseflow is determined by Galerkin finite-element method using Newton's iteration for primitive variables, pressure, and velocity. Velocity is interpolated biquadratically and pressure is interpolated linearly. Parameter continuation is used to compute solutions for relatively large values of flow Reynolds number. Individual particles are tracked from specified inlet positionsby a fourth-order Runge-Kutta method applied to the equations of motion ofthe particle. Forces acting on the particle include drag, pressure, and inertia. Forces due to particle-particle interaction and Basset forces are neglected. Collisions with the wedge and the walls of the channel are modelled via assumed coefficients ofrestitution in both the normal and the tangential directions. The point of actual impact is determined by interpolation. Results are presented for various parameters, such as particle diameter, wedge angle, Reynolds number, particle density, etc

Follow-up household survey in Agra District

This follow-up household survey in Agra District, India, was conducted with funding from USAID under the Population Council’s Asia and Near East Operations Research and Technical Assistance (ANE OR/TA) Project. The main objective of this study, as noted in this report, is to assess changes in the program indicators of family welfare activities, including some of the selected reproductive health indicators, from 1995 (before method-specific targets were withdrawn) and 1997 (30 months after targets were withdrawn). The study’s objectives are to detect changes in FP knowledge and use among currently married women in rural areas; detect changes in level of unmet need for spacing and limiting births; detect changes in use of health services by pregnant and postpartum women; identify the differential use of FP methods, antenatal and postnatal services, child immunization, and other reproductive health services; assess reproductive tract infections among ever-married women in rural areas as reported by them; and assess the level of unwanted pregnancies, incidence of abortions, and post-abortion services

District level baseline survey of family planning program in Uttar Pradesh: Ghaziabad

Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state in India with 139 million individuals, per the 1991 census. The Sample Registration System in 1992 indicated a high population growth rate of 2.3 percent and a very high birth rate of 36.2 per 1,000. Several measures have been taken to contain the growth and bring a rapid decline in the fertility rate. The Government of India and USAID began the Innovations in Family Planning Services Project under the management of the State Innovations in Family Planning Services Agency. The goal was to reduce the fertility rate in Uttar Pradesh by expanding and improving family planning (FP) services. Since there has been differential impact of FP services over the years in the state’s different districts, it was considered desirable to take up the district as a unit and develop an adequate data base for generating suitable intervention programs. Baseline surveys were conducted in 14 districts in different regions of the state. The Centre for Development Research and Training, Madras, conducted the surveys in Ghaziabad and Tehri Garhwal. This preliminary report contains the details of the survey conducted in Ghaziabad district

District level baseline survey of family planning program in Uttar Pradesh: Tehri Garhwal

Uttar Pradesh (UP) is the most populous state in India, with a population of 139 million, as of the 1991 census. The Sample Registration System in 1992 indicated a high population growth rate accompanied by a very high birth rate. The authorities have been taking several measures to contain the growth and bring a rapid decline in fertility rates. It is in this context that the Government of India and the United States Agency for International Development reached an agreement to begin the Innovations in Family Planning Services Project (IFPS) under the management of the State Innovations in Family Planning Services Agency (SIFPSA). In this context, it has been decided to take up baseline surveys in 15 districts spread over the different regions of the state. The work of conducting the surveys in Ghaziabad and Tehri Garhwal districts has been entrusted to the Centre for Development Research and Training, Madras. This report contains the details of the survey conducted in the district of Tehri Garhwal

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Not AvailableAsian seabass or barramundi (Lates calcarifer) is an important food fish with commercial value and a wide geographic distribution. Though some reports based on molecular and/or morphological data exist, a comprehensive effort to establish species identity across its range is lacking. In order to address this issue and especially to ascertain whether the wide-spread distribution has resulted in bifurcation of the species, we collected Asian seabass samples from various locations representing the Western and Eastern Coastline of India, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Bangladesh and Australia. Samples from Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand and Singapore were collected as part of a previous study. DNA sequence variations, including cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI), 16S rDNA and the highly variable D-loop (or control region), were examined to establish species delineation. Data from all the sequences analyzed concordantly point to the existence of at least two distinct species—one representing the Indian subcontinent plus Myanmar, and a second, representing Southeast Asia (Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand and Indonesia) plus Northern Australia. These data are useful for conservation ecology, aquaculture management, for establishing the extent of genetic diversity in the Asian seabass and implementing selective breeding programs for members of this species complex .National Research Foundation, Prime Minister’s Office, Singapore under its Competitive Research Program (CRP Award No. NRF-CRP7-2010-01)

Recombinant Viral Vaccines Expressing Merozoite Surface Protein-1 Induce Antibody- and T Cell-Mediated Multistage Protection against Malaria

Protecting against both liver and blood stages of infection is a long-sought goal of malaria vaccine design. Recently, we described the use of replication-defective viral vaccine vectors expressing the malaria antigen merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1) as an antimalarial vaccine strategy that elicits potent and protective antibody responses against blood-stage parasites. Here, we show that vaccine-induced MSP-1-specific CD4+ T cells provide essential help for protective B cell responses, and CD8+ T cells mediate significant antiparasitic activity against liver-stage parasites. Enhanced survival is subsequently seen in immunized mice following challenge with sporozoites, which mimics the natural route of infection more closely than when using infected red blood cells. This effect is evident both in the presence and absence of protective antibodies and is associated with decreased parasite burden in the liver followed by enhanced induction of the cytokine IFN-γ in the serum. Multistage immunity against malaria can thus be achieved by using viral vectors recombinant for MSP-1