School Sanitation in Underserved Urban Areas in India

This paper discusses how GIZ is supporting the Ministry of Urban Development in improving the sanitation situation for the urban poor. It selected 47 schools in five Indian cities to significantly improve the sanitation conditions, aiming to build awareness and capacity. All schools showed measurable improvements on school sanitation at the end of the project

Implementation of MD5 Framework for Privacy-Preserving Support for Mobile Healthcare

The improvement of science and technology has made life so easy and fast that smartphones and other touch-screen minicomputers have become the most trusted personal storage and communication devices for individuals. Comparable to the rich enhancement in wireless body sensor networks, it is valuable to the development of medical treatment to be exceptionally adaptable and become very flexible by means of smartphones through 2G and 3G system bearers. This has made treatment simple even to the common individual in the general public with less payable cash. In this paper, we introduce privacy-preserving support for mobile healthcare using message digest where we have used an MD5 algorithm instead of AES, which can certainly achieve an efficient way and minimizes the memory consumed and the large amount of PHI data of the medical user (patient) is reduced to a fixed amount of size compared to AES which in parallel increases the speed of the data to be sent to TA without any delay which in-turn. This study implements a secure and privacy-preserving opportunistic computing framework (SPOC) for mobile-health care emergency. Utilizing smartphones and SPOC, assets like computing power and energy can be gathered to reliably to take care of intensive personal health information (PHI) of the medicinal client when he/she is in critical situation with minimal privacy disclosure. With these, the healthcare authorities can treat the patients (restorative clients) remotely, where the patients live at home or at different spots they run. This sort of a treatment can be done under mHealth (Mobile-Healthcare). In malice of the fact that in them-medicinal services administration, there are numerous security and information protection issues to be succeed. The main aim of this paper is to bring medical health to patients in remote locations by providing the basic triage of an emergency to increase the patient’s body acceptance until they can reach a proper medical facility, in addition to providing emergency care in minimal payable cash

Internet Resources in Medical Science

The Internet has revolutionized the computer and communications world. It is a mechanism for information dissemination, and a medium for collaboration and interaction between individuals in various fields. Like any other field it has its impact in the field of medicine also. The major developments in the Internet like Website search, videoconferencing etc have contributed much to the field. This paper is an attempt to identify various Websites and databases available on Net in the field of medicine

Revolutionizing Breast Cancer Detection: Enhanced Mammogram Analysis with Modified Xception and Self-Attention

In the realm of precision medicine, the intersection of state-of-the-art technology and disease identification has ushered in a new era of accuracy in healthcare diagnostics. This paper reviews a groundbreaking research endeavor aiming to enhance breast cancer detection in mammograms through the synergistic application of transfer learning, architectural modifications, and advanced optimization techniques. At the core of this research is the concept of transfer learning, leveraging insights gained from one domain to illuminate another. The study extends this paradigm to the Xception architecture, renowned for its proficiency in discerning intricate patterns within images. However, the novelty lies in the intelligent modification of Xception to be specifically attuned to breast cancer detection. By fine-tuning the network's final layers, the model's innate ability to understand features is harmonized with the complexities of mammographic images, ensuring sensitivity to nuanced markers of potential malignancy. A distinctive aspect of this research is the incorporation of a self-attention mechanism, mirroring human visual processing. This mechanism dynamically highlights crucial regions within mammograms, transforming the model into an active interpreter capable of identifying subtle textures, shapes, and edges indicative of breast cancer. This adaptive approach enhances the model's finesse in navigating diverse breast cancer cases effectively. Throughout the training phase, optimization is pivotal for steering the research towards success. The utilization of the Adam optimizer, known for its adaptability in learning rates and moment estimations, guides the process, ensuring precise gradient descent through complex patterns. The integration of the rectified linear unit (ReLU) activation function further empowers the model to capture intricate relationships within data, enhancing its ability to identify subtle cancer markers. This review comprehensively explores the innovative strides made in breast cancer detection, shedding light on the nuanced interplay of transfer learning, architectural adjustments, self-attention mechanisms, and advanced optimization techniques. The modified Xception model emerges as a promising tool in the pursuit of accurate and sensitive breast cancer diagnostics

Study on prevalence of hypothyroidism in ST segment elevation myocardial infarction

Background: Both subclinical and overt hypothyroidism have effects on myocardial contractility and cardiovascular haemodynamics. In addition, changes in lipids, low levels of inflammation, elevated homocysteine etc. contribute to accelerated atherosclerosis and increased cardio vascular mortality and morbidity in hypothyroidism. In this study, we tried to find out the prevalence of hypothyroidism in patients admitted with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction. We also tried to assess the BMI, diastolic BP and lipid profile of these patients.Methods: A cross sectional study was done among patients admitted with ST elevation myocardial infarction in Coimbatore Medical College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. We collected information on BMI, blood pressure, lipid profile and thyroid function of these patients.Results: The prevalence of hypothyroidism was found to be 14% in patients admitted with ST elevation MI. Hypothyroidism was three times more common in women. Patients with hypothyroidism was found to have higher BMI, elevated total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL which was statistically significant. Higher prevalence of diastolic hypertension was also seen among hypothyroid patients.Conclusions: Thyroid hormone has various actions on heart. Hypothyroidism has increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The associated risk factors like obesity, hyperlipidaemia and diastolic hypertension contribute to this. Patients with coronary artery disease should be screened for hypothyroidism.

Sentiment analysis by deep learning approaches

We propose a model for carrying out deep learning based multimodal sentiment analysis. The MOUD dataset is taken for experimentation purposes. We developed two parallel text based and audio basedmodels and further, fused these heterogeneous feature maps taken from intermediate layers to complete thearchitecture. Performance measures–Accuracy, precision, recall and F1-score–are observed to outperformthe existing models

Isolation and characterization of microbes for plant growth-promotion and biocontrol properties

Chickpea and sorghum are the two important crops grown in semi-arid tropics; several biotic factors were influencing the growth and yield of these crops. Chemical control is generally used to control the damage, but the indiscriminate use of chemicals lead to negative impacts on nature. Biological control is the safe and alternative method to control the pathogens as well as to promote plant growth, in which plant growth-promoting (PGP) microbes were used. In the present study, a total of 89 actinomycetes, 74 bacteria and 48 fungi were isolated from chickpea rhizosphere soil and vermicompost. The isolates were tested for their antagonistic potential against important fungal pathogens of chickpea and sorghum by dual culture, metabolite production assays. Based on the results of dual culture and metabolite production assays, four actinomycetes (viz. SAI-13, SAI-29, VAI-7 and VAI-40), four bacteria (viz. SBI-23, VBI-4, VBI-19 and VBI-23) and one fungal isolate (VFI-51) were selected for further studies. All the selected isolates possess plant growth-promotion (PGP) traits such as production of indole acetic acid (IAA), siderophore, protease, lipase, chitinase, cellulase and β,1-3 glucanase. All the selected isolate were able to tolerate harsh growth conditions such as high temperature (upto 40°C), pH (upto 11), salinity (upto 10 % NaCl) and resistant to fungicides such as Thiram, Bavistin, Benlate, Ridomil and Captan. The molecular identification studies revealed that all actinomycetes isolates belong to Streptomyces sp., all bacterial isolates belong to Bacillus sp. and the fungal isolate was identified as Penicillium citrinum. When the selected isolates were tested for their PGP ability under greenhouse (GH) and field conditions, all the isolates increased the growth and yield traits of chickpea and sorghum. The fungal isolate VFI-51 effectively controlled the pathogen M. phaseolina causing charcoal rot in sorghum under light chamber and GH conditions. All the selected isolates were able to colonize on root surface of chickpea and sorghum without causing damage to root surface. In qRT-PCR studies, there was an up-regulation of siderophore, IAA and β,1-3 glucanase genes. The active secondary metabolite from culture filtrates of Penicillium citrinum (VFI-51) was identified as ‘citrinin’ by NMR-MS studies and proved its efficacy in controlling the pathogen Botyrtis - 9 - cinerea under GH conditions. Hence, the selected isolates can be exploited for their PGP and biocontrol properties

Transient vortex dynamics and evolution of Bose metal from a 2D superconductor on MoS2_2

The true character of physical phenomena is thought to be reinforced as the system becomes disorder-free. In contrast, the two-dimensional (2D) superconductor is predicted to turn fragile and resistive away from the limit I -> 0, B -> 0, in the pinning-free regime. It is intriguing to note that the very vortices responsible for achieving superconductivity by pairing, condensation, and, thereby reducing the classical dissipation, render the state resistive driven by quantum fluctuations in the T -> 0. While cleaner systems are being explored for technological improvements, the 2D superconductor turning resistive when influenced by weak electric and magnetic fields has profound consequences for quantum technologies. A metallic ground state in 2D is beyond the consensus of both Bosonic and Fermionic systems, and its origin and nature warrant a comprehensive theoretical understanding supplemented by in-depth experiments. A real-time observation of the influence of vortex dynamics on transport properties so far has been elusive. We explore the nature and fate of a low-viscous, clean, 2D superconducting state formed on an ionic-liquid gated few-layered MoS$_2$ sample. The vortex-core being dissipative, the elastic depinning, intervortex interaction, and the subsequent dynamics of the vortex-lattice cause the system to behave like an overdamped harmonic oscillator, leaving transient signatures in the transport characteristics. The temperature and magnetic field dependence of the transient nature and the noise characteristics of the magnetoresistance confirm that quantum fluctuations are solely responsible for the Bose metal state and the fragility of the superconducting state

Role of pharmacy students in reducing medication error- a survey

A medication error is any preventable event that may cause or lead to inappropriate medication use or patient harm while the medication is in the control of health care professional, patient, or consumer.The disciplines of medicine, nursing, and pharmacy all play a major role in preventing medication-related errors. To Study the role of pharmacy students in reducing the occurrence of medication errors. A Prospective survey will be carried out using the informations gathered from students in Pharmacy Colleges. This study is to analyze the knowledge of the pharmacy students in reducing medication error. In the questionnaire how the medication error reported, Types of medication error, common drugs involved in medication error etc was included. Also response is recorded. These collected data will be subjected to proper statistical analysis. About 50 students were responded through Google forms. Majority 44% Pharm-D students were responded well. About 88% of medication error was monitored and remaining 12% not.The majority of 60% antibiotics involved in the Medication error. About 96% of people have beneficial in patient care. About 94% responders having lack of knowledge and insufficient training of pharmacist is a problem. Responders of about 62%prescription error, 24% administration error and 14% dispensing error. 84% of responders were documented the medication error. This study will help to aware pharmacy students the importance of reporting medication error and to reduce the occurrence of the medication error and also to study the knowledge of the pharmacy students in medication error reporting.&nbsp