Modeling charge transport in Swept Charge Devices for X-ray spectroscopy

We present the formulation of an analytical model which simulates charge transport in Swept Charge Devices (SCDs) to understand the nature of the spectral redistribution function (SRF). We attempt to construct the energy-dependent and position dependent SRF by modeling the photon interaction, charge cloud generation and various loss mechanisms viz., recombination, partial charge collection and split events. The model will help in optimizing event selection, maximize event recovery and improve spectral modeling for Chandrayaan-2 (slated for launch in 2014). A proto-type physical model is developed and the algorithm along with its results are discussed in this paper.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures, Proc. SPIE 8453, High Energy, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy

Role of pharmacy students in reducing medication error- a survey

A medication error is any preventable event that may cause or lead to inappropriate medication use or patient harm while the medication is in the control of health care professional, patient, or consumer.The disciplines of medicine, nursing, and pharmacy all play a major role in preventing medication-related errors. To Study the role of pharmacy students in reducing the occurrence of medication errors. A Prospective survey will be carried out using the informations gathered from students in Pharmacy Colleges. This study is to analyze the knowledge of the pharmacy students in reducing medication error. In the questionnaire how the medication error reported, Types of medication error, common drugs involved in medication error etc was included. Also response is recorded. These collected data will be subjected to proper statistical analysis. About 50 students were responded through Google forms. Majority 44% Pharm-D students were responded well. About 88% of medication error was monitored and remaining 12% not.The majority of 60% antibiotics involved in the Medication error. About 96% of people have beneficial in patient care. About 94% responders having lack of knowledge and insufficient training of pharmacist is a problem. Responders of about 62%prescription error, 24% administration error and 14% dispensing error. 84% of responders were documented the medication error. This study will help to aware pharmacy students the importance of reporting medication error and to reduce the occurrence of the medication error and also to study the knowledge of the pharmacy students in medication error reporting.&nbsp

Distributed hypothesis testing over discrete memoryless channels

A distributed binary hypothesis testing (HT) problem involving two parties, one referred to as the observer and the other as the detector is studied. The observer observes a discrete memoryless source (DMS) and communicates its observations to the detector over a discrete memoryless channel (DMC). The detector observes another DMS correlated with that at the observer, and performs a binary HT on the joint distribution of the two DMS’s using its own observed data and the information received from the observer. The trade-off between the type I error probability and the type II error-exponent of the HT is explored. Single-letter lower bounds on the optimal type II errorexponent are obtained by using two different coding schemes, a separate HT and channel coding scheme and a joint HT and channel coding scheme based on hybrid coding for the matched bandwidth case. Exact single-letter characterization of the same is established for the special case of testing against conditional independence, and it is shown to be achieved by the separate HT and channel coding scheme. An example is provided where the joint scheme achieves a strictly better performance than the separation based scheme

What can GLAST say about the origin of cosmic rays in other galaxies ?

Gamma rays in the band from 20 MeV to 300 GeV, used in combination with data from radio and X-ray bands, provide a powerful tool for studying the origin of cosmic rays in our sister galaxies Andromeda and the Magellanic Clouds. Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST) will spatially resolve these galaxies and measure the spectrum and intensity of diffuse gamma radiation from the collisions of cosmic rays with gas and dust in them. Observations of Andromeda will give an external perspective on a spiral galaxy like the Milky Way. Observations of the Magellanic Clouds will permit a study of cosmic rays in dwarf irregular galaxies, where the confinement is certainly different and the massive star formation rate is much greater.Comment: 4 pages including 6 figures; to appear in Proc. ACE-2000 Symp. "The Acceleration and Transport of Energetic Particles Observed in the Heliosphere" (Jan. 5-8, 2000, Indian Wells, CA), AIP Conf. Proc. More details can be found at the LHEA GLAST page at http://lhea-glast.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/science/index.htm

AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT OF STARGARDTS MACULAR DEGENERATION- A CASE REPORT

Stargardts disease is a juvenile macular dystrophy which tends to appear between the ages of 10 to 20, although visual impairment may not be apparent until as late as ages 30 to 40.  Visual acuity including colour vision testing, visual field analysis, ERG, Fundus Fluorescein Angiography and Amsler grid charting are the useful diagnostic techniques for this disease. Even though significant research is taking place in this area, no treatment is available till date for this disease and general approach of macular degeneration is following now. In Ayurveda by considering the visual disturbance and field defect, this disease can be included under one the 12 types of Drishtigata rogas. Pitthavidagdhadrishti is one of the disease explained by Acharya Susrutha in Drishtirogas is more appropriate to define this clinical condition. As there is no common line of management following in these types of diseases in Ayurveda, an attempt has been made to explain a case treated as per the Ayurvedic principles. This article describes a30 year old male patient diagnosed as Stargardts macular degeneration and underwent Ayurvedic treatment protocol starting from the Snehapana and ending with Yogavasthi. By executing the Ayurvedic treatment, the quality of the vision mainly color perception including distant and near acuity is improved at least for a period of four years. The distant vision improved up to 6/24 and near vision N6 (P) in better eye.  The treatment methodology adopted in this case can be taken as a guideline to manage the macular degenerative diseases which need extensive management to tackle the pathology

EFFICACY OF CHEDANA AND LEKHANAKARMA IN PALPEBRAL FORM OF VERNAL KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS (VKC) – A CASE STUDY

Ocular allergy is often under-diagnosed but has a significant impact on the quality of life and vision in all ages especially in childhood. Although its incidence varies by geographical location, the prevalence is difficult to gauge as allergies tend to be underreported compounded by the difficulty in classification. Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is one of the most commonly occurring types of allergic conjunctivitis. It usually appears in three forms i.e., palpebral, bulbar and mixed and predominantly occurs in younger age group between 4-20 years. This chronic disease is characterized by the formation of giant papillae which constantly irritates the cornea and predispose to ectatic corneal disorders like keratoconus and cause myopia and astigmatism. Topical corticosteroids relieve itching, redness and edema but should be used with caution as their constant use are known to cause glaucoma, cataracts, secondary bacterial; viral and fungal infections and delayed wound healing. In Ayurveda, the disease Vartmasharkara shows clinical features similar to this disease and Acharya Susruta has suggested Chedana followed by Lekhana to manage this condition. This article describes the case report of a 12 year old male child who had complaints of palpebral form of VKC. In the present study, it is observed that Ayurvedic management along with Chedana and Lekhanakarma has provided significant relief in all signs and symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis

Image Compression using Wavelet and Modified Extreme Learning Machine

The development of Internet and multimedia technologies that grow exponentially, resulting in the amount of information managed by computer is necessary. This causes serious problems in storage and transmission image data. Therefore, should be considered a way to compress data so that the storage capacity required will be smaller. This paper presents a method of compressing still images combining the powerful features of modified extreme learning machine (MELM) for learning with discrete wavelet transform (DWT) in image transformation. DWT, based on the haar wavelet, has been used to transform the image and the coefficients acquired from DWT are then trained with MELM. MELM has the property that it selects a minimal number of coefficients to model the training data. The coefficients are then quantized and encoded using the Huffman coding algorithm. The performance of the proposed method is aspiring and comparable with the existing image compression standards