Monitoring nonenzymatic glycation of human immunoglobulin G by methylglyoxal and glyoxal: A spectroscopic study

The accumulation of dicarbonyl compounds, methylglyoxal (MG) and glyoxal (G), has been observed in diabetic conditions. They are formed from nonoxidative mechanisms in anaerobic glycolysis and lipid peroxidation, and they act as advanced glycation endproduct (AGE) precursors. The objective of this study was to monitor and characterize the AGE formation of human immunoglobulin G (hIgG) by MG and G using ultraviolet (UV) and fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD), and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization–mass spectrometry (MALDI–MS). hIgG was incubated over time with MG and G at different concentrations. Formation of AGE was monitored by UV and fluorescence spectroscopy. The effect of AGE formation on secondary structure of hIgG was studied by CD. Comparison of AGE profile for MG and G was performed by MALDI–MS. Both MG and G formed AGE, with MG being nearly twice as reactive as G. The combination of these techniques is a convenient method for evaluating and characterizing the AGE proteins

Global 'worming'

A report on the 16th International Caenorhabditis elegans Meeting, Los Angeles, USA, 27 June-1 July 2007

Visualization Of Supersonic Flows In Shock Tunnels, Using The Background Oriented Schlieren Technique

Visualisation of supersonic compressible flows using the Background Oriented Schlieren (BOS) technique is presented. Results from experiments carried out in a reflected shock tunnel with models of a 20-degree semi-vertex angle circular cone and a re-entry body in the test section are presented. This technique uses a simple optical set-up consisting of a structured background pattern, an electronic camera with a high shutter speed and a high intensity light source. Tests were conducted with a Mach 4 conical nozzle, with nozzle supply pressure of 2 MPa and nozzle supply temperature of 2000 K respectively. The images captured during the test were compared using PIV style image processing code. The intensity of light at each point in the processed image was proportional to the density at that point. Qualitative visualization of shock shapes, with images clearly indicating regions of subsonic and supersonic flows was achieved. For the cone, the shock angle measured from the BOS image agreed with theoretical calculations to within 0.5 degrees. Shock standoff distances could be measured from the BOS image for the re-entry body

A Community Based Study on the Role of Maternal Education on Antenatal Care Services and Child Care at Various Tribal Villages, Adilabad, Telangana State

Background: Educated women tend to have a greater awareness of the existence of ANC services, more aware of health problems, know more about the availability of health care services, and utilize the information more effectively than non-educated women. Moreover, higher levels of education tend to positively affect healthseeking behaviors, and education may increase a woman’s control over her pregnancy and expose women to more health education messages and campaigns, enabling them to recognize danger signs and complications and take appropriate action. In this study, we tried to analyze to what level the maternal education can influence the antenatal care services and childcare. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 93 randomly selected mothers who have children less than 7 years by using a pre-tested structured questionnaire for data collection at various tribal villages, at an average 25 kms away from Adilabad town from April-October 2019. Analysis was done using SPSS for windows version 16, Microsoft excel and Open epi website. Results: Out of 93 study subjects, 19.3% (18) of the study subjects were not registered for the antenatal services. Higher the maternal education higher the age at pregnancy (p\u3c0.05), was associated with more preference for deliveries by doctors (p\u3c0.05). More the frequency of exclusive breast feeding, long lasting breast feeding was associated more than a year (p\u3c0.05), a smaller number of children with wasting (p\u3c0.05). Conclusion: This study revealed that utilization of ANC services was relatively better for the mother’s educated higher than secondary school, but they are still low. Educational status is important in having more health seeking behavior. In this study, it proves that health education is more important than the mere school education which can help to improve knowledge on ANC

Correlation analysis for adoption studies of rice growers in district Baramulla of Kashmir Division, India

This study about the correlation analysis for adoption and knowledge of rice growers was carried in 12 randomly selected villages of 3 tehsils prominently growing rice of district Baramulla of J&K state. After multi-stage random 10 rice growers from each village were selected randomly and systematic sampling technique a sample of 120 rice farmers was drawn.  It was found that Knowledge were found positively correlated with Education (0.449) Occupation (0.356), Social participation (0.205), annual income (0.229), Mass media exposure (0.375), Extension contacts (0.219) and Scientific orientation (0.341) and Adoption were  also found positively correlated with Education (0.447) Occupation (0.348), Social participation (0.301), Annual income (0.243), Mass media exposure (0.309), Extension contacts (0.243) and Scientific orientation (0.338) whereas Age, Family size, Land holding and Farming experience have no significance with knowledge and adoption level of famers. The significance at 0.01 level of variables like Education, Occupation, Social Participation, Annual income, Mass Media Exposure, Extension contacts and Scientific Orientation with dependent variable Knowledge and adoption level of rice growers. The results of the study indicated that these selected variables might play a very important role in increasing the Knowledge and adoption level of the package of practices by rice growers of Kashmir Division

Awake chronic mouse model of targeted pial vessel occlusion via photothrombosis

Animal models of stroke are used extensively to study the mechanisms involved in the acute and chronic phases of recovery following stroke. A translatable animal model that closely mimics the mechanisms of a human stroke is essential in understanding recovery processes as well as developing therapies that improve functional outcomes. We describe a photothrombosis stroke model that is capable of targeting a single distal pial branch of the middle cerebral artery with minimal damage to the surrounding parenchyma in awake head-fixed mice. Mice are implanted with chronic cranial windows above one hemisphere of the brain that allow optical access to study recovery mechanisms for over a month following occlusion. Additionally, we study the effect of laser spot size used for occlusion and demonstrate that a spot size with small axial and lateral resolution has the advantage of minimizing unwanted photodamage while still monitoring macroscopic changes to cerebral blood flow during photothrombosis. We show that temporally guiding illumination using real-time feedback of blood flow dynamics also minimized unwanted photodamage to the vascular network. Finally, through quantifiable behavior deficits and chronic imaging we show that this model can be used to study recovery mechanisms or the effects of therapeutics longitudinally.R01 EB021018 - NIBIB NIH HHS; R01 MH111359 - NIMH NIH HHS; R01 NS108472 - NINDS NIH HHSPublished versio