Influence of Vitamin D Deficiency on Cardiometabolic Risk in Obesity

Vitamin D deficiency and dysfunctional adipose tissue are involved in the development of cardiometabolic disturbances (eg, hypertension, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, and dyslipidemia). We studied 50 obese (body mass index [BMI]: 43.5 ± 9.2 kg/m2 ) and 36 normal weight participants (BMI: 22.6 ± 1.9 kg/m2 ). Obese individuals were classified into different subgroups according to medians of observed anthropometric parameters (BMI, body fat percentage, waist circumference, and trunk fat mass). The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (25-hydroxyvitamin D, 25 (OH)D < 50 nmol/L) was 88% among obese patients and 31% among nonobese individuals; 25(OH)D were lower in the obese group (27.3 ± 13.7 vs 64.6 ± 21.3 nmol/L, p < .001). There was a negative correlation between vitamin D and anthropometric indicators of obesity: BMI: (r = - 0.64, p < .001), waist circumference (r = -0.59; p < .001), and body fat percentage (r = -0.64; p < .001) as well with fasting plasma insulin (r = -0.35; p < .001) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (r = - 0.35; p < .001). There was a negative correlation between vitamin D level and leptin and resistin (r = -.61; p < .01), while a positive association with adiponectin concentrations were found (r = .7; p < .001). Trend estimation showed that increase in vitamin D level is accompanied by intensive increase in adiponectin concentrations (growth coefficient: 12.13). In conclusion, we observed a higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among obese participants and this was associated with a proatherogenic cardiometabolic risk profile. In contrast, a positive trend was established between vitamin D and the protective adipocytokine adiponectin. The clinical relevance of this relationship needs to be investigated in larger studies

Evaluation of maize grain yield and yield stability by ammi analysis

Significant genotype x environment interaction for quantitative traits, such is grain yield, reduces the usefulness of genotype means, over all environments, for selecting superior genotypes. AMMI model is a valuable statistical tool in identifying systemic variation contained in the interaction effect. Obtained data could be applied in maximizing yield potential in every environment based on both narrow and wide genotype adaptability, without the necessity of developing breeding programs for smaller targeted environments. Precise assortment of superior genotypes, with the assistance of AMMI model, leads to the better recommendation of newly bred hybrids, and thus increasing maize grain yield in a targeted environment. In this research genotype x environment interaction and yield stability of 36 maize hybrids of FAO 300-700 maturity group was investigating. The trial was set according to Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Data were processed in order to obtain average estimates of grain yield, and yield stability was assessed by the method of AMMI analysis. The highest average grain yield was achieved in 2011 (11.62 t/ha), and the lowest in the most stressful and dry 2012 (6.90 t/ha). In the region Loznica L2 the highest average yield was noticed (13.81 t/ha), while at L7 (Sremska Mitrovica) average grain yield was the lowest (6.97 t/ha). Results of AMMI analysis gave precise recommendation for production of maize hybrids in certain environments, by determining winning areas of hybrids H20, H11 and H36. Medium early maturing and high yielding hybrids (H11 and H20) are therefore considered more favorable for production in environments with lower precipitation, while high yielding and more stable hybrids H21 and H35 are suitable for a wider range of environments. Hybrid H36 (FAO 700) showed its full potential at L2, and L3 which did not suffer from a lack of moisture. This hybrid also expressed its best potential in environments with favorable conditions

Varijabilnost agronomskih osobina hibrida kukuruza pod uticajem faktora sredine

In this study 36 maize hybrids of different FAO maturity groups were observed in three successive years (2011, 2012 and 2013), on 8 locations. The main objective of this experiment was to observe the GxE interaction concerning yield, grain moisture, grain yield per ear and test weight. The experiment was set up according to the RCBD. Based on the obtained results average estimates, CV and overall ranking of hybrids were calculated. ANOVA was applied in order to estimate the effect of factors: genotype, environment and interaction. Thus the significance of all these factors was observed. Results of this research indicate the importance and necessity of performing multilocation and multiyear trials with the aim of observation and understanding the intensity of GxE interaction, as well as its influence on the grain yield and it components.Istraživanje je obuhvatilo 36 hibrida različitih FAO grupa zrenja, u 2011, 2012 i 2013 godini, na 8 lokaliteta. U ogledu je ispitivana interakcija genotip x sredina u pogledu stabilnosti prinosa zrna, vlage zrna, težine zrna po klipu i zapreminske mase kukuruza. Ogled je bio postavljen potpuno slučajnom blok sistemu (RCBD). Na osnovu dobijenih podataka izračunate su prosečne vrednosti, pokazatelji varijabilnosti posmatranih osobina i ukupan rang hibrida, a analizom varijanse utvrđena je značajnost efekta genotipa, sredina i interakcija. Za sve proučavane agronomske osobine, analizom varijanse su utvrđene statistički visokoznačajne vrednosti genotipa, sredina i interakcije. Najviši prosečan prinos zrna u ogledu ostvaren je u 2011. godini (11,62 t/ha), a najniži u 2012. godini (6,90 t/ha). Najniži prosečan procenat vlage zrna kukuruza u ogledu ostvaren je u veoma sušnoj 2012. godini (14,86%), dok između vrednosti ostvarenih u 2011. godini (19,47%) i 2013. godini (19,52%) nije bilo značajnije razlike. Vrednosti težine zrna po klipu kukuruza bile su direktno srazmerne vrednostima prinosa. Najveća zapreminska masa zrna kukuruza ostvarena je u sušnoj 2012. godini (74,84 kg/hl), dok je najmanje izmerena u kišovitoj 2013. godini (70,47 kg/hl). Rezultati ovog istraživanja potvrđuju neophodnost izvođenja višelokacijskih i višegodišnjih ogleda u cilju što boljeg sagledavanja intenziteta interakcija genotip x sredina, i njihovog uticaja na prinos i komponente prinosa hibrida kukuruza različitih FAO grupa zrenja na teritoriji Srbije. Da bi proizvodnja kukuruza bila stabilna, farmerima koji nemaju mogućnost navodnjavanja, već kukuruz gaje u suvom ratarenju, treba savetovati da seju hibride različite dužine vegetacije

Poređenje dve procedure hladnog testa za ispitivanje vigora semena samooplodnih linija kukuruza

Cold test (CT) is a valuable method of assessing maize seed vigour. Although widely used CT is not standardized because of variations in CT procedures. The objective of this study was to evaluate seed vigour of 15 maize inbred lines developed at the Maize Research Institute Zemun Polje, using two different substrates (soil and sand) in a severe CT (7.5°C for 10 days followed by 7 days at 20/30 °C). Statistical analysis showed that inbred lines differ significantly in seed vigour, and no difference between two applied substrates in CT. Coefficients of variation were lower in CT with sand (6.05 %), compared to the CT with soil (6.74%) due to variation in soil quality and presence of soil-borne pathogens. Both CT procedures were highly correlated with field emergence. Results of this research indicate that CT with sand is appropriate for testing maize seed vigour, with the potential for standardization.Vigor semena je veoma važan parametar kvaliteta, jer ukazuje na sposobnost semena da klija u suboptimalnim uslovima (niska temperatura, visoka vlažnost zemljišta itd.). Hladni test je važan metod za utvrđivanje vigora semena kukuruza. Iako je dobar pokazatelj nicanja u polju, i koristi se širom sveta, hladni test nije standardizovan zbog razlika u proceduri (temperatura, vrsta i vlažnost supstrata). Cilj ovog rada bio je ispitivanje vigora semena samooplodnih linija kukuruza primenom dva različita supstrata (zemlja i pesak) u hladnom testu. Za ispitivanje je odabrano 15 samooplodnih linija kukuruza stvorenih u Institutu za kukuruz 'Zemun Polje'. Primenjeni su izrazito stresni uslovi ispitivanja u hladnom testu (10 dana na 7,5°C, a zatim 7 dana na 20/30°C). Statističkom obradom podataka utvrđeno je da su se samooplodne linije značajno razlikovale po vigoru semena tj. tolerantnosti na niske temperature u periodu klijanja i početnog porasta. Sa druge strane nije utvrđena značajna razlika između dva primenjena supstrata u hladnom testu. Prosečna klijavost 15 samooplodnih linija u hladnom testu sa peskom iznosila je 82,2%, a u hladnom testu sa zemljom 80,1%. Koeficijent varijacije je bio niži u hladnom testu sa peskom (6,05%), nego u hladnom testu sa zemljom (6,74%), što se objašnjava variranjem u kvalitetu zemlje i prisustvu zemljišnih patogena. Obe ispitivane procedure su postigle visoku korelaciju sa nicanjem u polju. Rezultati ovih istraživanja ukazuju na mogućnost korišćenja peska kao supstrata u hladnom testu, čime bi se ispitivanje vigora semena kukuruza znatno olakšalo, a ujedno bi se stekli uslovi za standardizaciju hladnog testa

Proučavanje stabilnosti prinosa kukuruza neparametrijskim metodama

High and stabile yield in different production environments is priority in maize breeding. New statistical methods are constantly being sought to accompany analysis of variance, in order to achieve more reliable hybrid assessment. In this study nonparametric stability analysis is applied in order to assess GxE interaction for yield of 36 commercial maize hybrids. The experiment was set up at five locations in Serbia for three years according to the Randomised complete block design in three replications. Yield stability of investigated genotypes was analysed by stability parameters Si (1), Si (2), Si (3), Si (6) TOP and RS. Analysis of variance identified highly significant F values for all experimental factors. Bredenkamp method confirmed the existence of non-crossover GxE interaction, for maize yield. Hybrid ZPH15 achieved the most stable yield based on parameters Si (1) and Si (2). According to parameter Si (3) it was ZPH5, while based on parameter Si (6) it was ZPH34. The highest overall yield achieved ZPH36 (11.18 t ha-1 ), which was quite unstable (rank 24 in parameters Si (1) and Si (2)), and very unstable (rank 34 in parameters Si (3) and Si (6)). The most stable hybrids had average yields. In total, the hybrid ZPH23 had the best average rank (15.93). Based on TOP parameter, ZPH36 had the best rank (yield), followed by ZPH11, ZPH20, ZPH21 and ZPH9. However, RS parameter revealed that ZPH21 was the most stable hybrid, so taking into account both TOP and RS parameters this is the most productive and the most stable hybrid. Based on this research, TOP and RS are the best parameters for selecting new maize hybrids for production in particular environment. In case of identical TOP value, the genotype with the lowest RS value should be selected. The parameters Si (1), Si (2), Si (3) and Si (6) can be used as alternative methods for the selection of genotypes with moderate yield and high stability.U ovom radu primenjena je neparametarska analiza stabilnosti kako bi se procenila GxE interakcija za prinos 36 hibrida kukuruza. Eksperiment je postavljen na pet lokacija u Srbiji u trajanju od tri godine po potpuno slučajnom blok dizajnu (RCBD) u tri ponavljanja. Stabilnost prinosa ispitivanih genotipova analizirana je parametrima stabilnosti Si (1), Si (2), Si (3), Si (6), TOP i RS. Hibrid ZPH15 je postigao najstabilniji prinos na osnovu parametara Si (1) i Si (2), prema parametru Si (3) ZPH5, dok je na osnovu parametra Si (6) to bio ZPH34. Najrodniji hibrid ukupno u ogledu bio je ZPH36 sa prosečnim prinosom od 11,180 t/ha, koji je na osnovu ranga parametara Si (1) i Si (2) bio dosta nestabilan (rang 24), a na osnovu ranga parametara Si (3) i Si(6) veoma nestabilan (rang 34). Najstabilniji hibridi imali su prinos oko proseka. Ukupno, najbolji prosečan rang imao je hibrid ZPH 23 (15,93). Na osnovu TOP parametra najbolji rang (prinos) imao je ZPH36, a zatim ZPH11, ZPH20, ZPH21 i ZPH9. Međutim, RS parametar je pokazao da je ZPH21 najstabilniji hibrid, tako da je uzimajući u obzir i TOP i RS parametre ovo najproduktivniji i najstabilniji hibrid. Na osnovu ovog istraživanja, od svih posmatranih neparametarskih parametara, parametri TOP i RS pokazali su se kao najbolji za odabir novih hibrida kukuruza za gajenje u određenom regionu. U slučaju identične TOP vrednosti, treba izabrati genotip sa najnižom RS vrednošću, dok se parametri Si (1), Si (2), Si (3) i Si (6) mogu koristiti kao alternativne metode za selekciju genotipova sa umerenim prinosom i visokom stabilnošću

Позитрон - 22

Хемијски факултет је први пут ове године учествовао у Global Women’s Breakfast, прочитајте како нам је било. Омиљене асистенткиње нашег Факултета су са нама поделиле чиме се научно занимају (рубрика: Укратко о подугачком) и шта их инспирише у раду са студнетима. Наша дописница се потрудила да објасни главне састојке чоколаде. О хемикалијама којима комуницирају разне врсте, прочитајте у тексту Семиохемикалије. Уколико често одлажете своје обавезе, похитајте да прочитате текст о прокрастинацији. Згодан текст за учење Аналитичке хемије 1, али и разумевање пиротехнике, управо је текст који се бави хемијом ватромета. Наша професорка се потрудила да нам пренесе најважнија сазнања о вакцинама. Летњи семестар и лепо време су период када је потребно више мотивације да останемо унутра и учимо – зато преносимо речи светских научника, Снежане Ђорђевић и Далибора Станковића. Забавите се уз Хемијске мозгалице и Позитиву. Подсетите најважнијих догађаја у свету хемичара уз Ретросинтезу

Hladni test – Cold test, akreditovana metoda za ispitivanje vigora semena kukuruza

Ovim tehničkim rešenjem opisan je metod ispitivanja vigora semena kukuruza hladnim testom. Postupak podrazumeva izlaganje semena stresnim uslovima za klijanje i nicanje kako bi se stekao bolji uvid o potencijalnom ponašanju i nicanju kukuruza u polju. Hladni test je pogodan za ispitivanje vigora jer istovremeno uključuje nekoliko stresnih faktora: temperaturu, povećanu vlažnost supstrata i prisustvo patogena. Prva faza ispitivanja se odvija na niskim temperaturama (7 dana na 10 °C) nakon čeka se uzorci prebacuju u optimalne uslove za rast (7 dana na naizmeničnim temperaturama 20/30 °C). Primena hladnog testa doprinosi sveobuhvatnom pristupu ispitivanja kvaliteta semena kukuruza. Dobijaju se dodatne informacije o ponašanju semena u suboptimalnim uslovima za klijanje i nicanje kukuruza što je od značaja i za proizvođače semena, i za krajnje korisnike. Ispitivanjem vigora semena mogu se identifikovati visoko kvalitetne partije semena koje bolje podnose stresne uslove u polju i mogu se sejati ranije u proleće, i nasuprot njima one slabo vigorozne partije semena koje bi trebalo sejati u optimalnijim uslovima. Rana setva kukuruza omogućava duži vegetacioni period čime su obezbeđeni uslovi za veće i stabilnije prinose i veća je mogućnost izbegavanja letnje suše. Osim tolerantnosti na niske temperature vigor ukazuje i na mogućnost postizanja željenog sklopa useva što je od izuzetne važnosti za postizanje visokih prinosa. Laboratorija za ispitivanje semena Instituta za kukuruz „Zemun Polje“ sprovela je standardizaciju uslova ispitivanja i optimizaciju metode hladnog testa i jedina je laboratorija sa ovim testom u svom obimu akreditacije na nacionalnom nivou

Differences in yield and stability of maize hybrids presented by the AMMI analysis

This study presents three-years (2011-2013) research on 36 commercial hybrids from different FAO maturity groups (300-700). Trial was set up according to the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in three replications at 8 different locations in Serbia. Analysis of variance showed significant impact of genotype, environment and their GXE interaction on the grain yield (p>0,01). An average grain yield in 2011 ranged from 10.38 t/ha (H1) to 13.32 t/ha (H36), in 2012 it varied from 5.70 t/ha (H3) to 7.86 t/ha (H14) and in 2013 from 8.79 t/ha (H5) to 12.01 t/ha (H36). Based on the AMMI analysis, yield and stability of the maize genotypes were evaluated. In the total sum of squares, environment accounted for 72.4%, 73.3%, 69.13% (2011, 2012, 2013, respectively), genotype 6.22%, 2.81%, 6.15% (2011, 2012, 2013, respectively) and interaction between genotype and environment accounted for 9.09%, 10.06%, 11.87% (2011, 2012, 2013, respectively). Due to the fact that IPC1 and IPC2 encompassed 62.7%, 62.6%, 60.0% (2011, 2012, 2013, respectively) of total sum of squares of interactions, AMMI2 model was also considered. Grain yield of hybrids varied in dependance of location and the prodution year. In 2011, the most stable hybrids were H21, H9 and H24; in 2012: H13, H21 and H6; while in 2013 those were H21, H29 and H22. The lowest variation in average grain yield was recorded at locations Sombor and Kikinda (2011), Svilajnac (2012) and Pančevo (2013) where the grain yield was above the average, while location Loznica proved to be the most yielding in all production years. Based on the results from AMMI analysis, more precise reccomendations could be given for the hybrid production at certain locations, aiming to achieve the highest yield