A Review of Fiber-Reinforced Injection Molding: Flow Kinematics and Particle Orientation

The existing flow and particle orientation models applicable to fiber- reinforced injection molding are reviewed. After a brief description of injection molding, previous studies on the flow kinematics and fiber reinforcement are presented. Basics of Hele-Shaw flows are described Including the commonly used viscosity models and foun tain flow effects. Some of the existing models for particle orientation are analyzed with particular emphasis on the amsotropic description of the material system. Concentration regions for short fiber suspensions are defined and relevant constitutive equations are dis cussed. A few example solutions are also given which describe the three-dimensional ori entation field for the filling of a sudden expansion cavity, depicting skin-core orientation structure.Yeshttps://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/manuscript-submission-guideline

Integrating sequence and array data to create an improved 1000 Genomes Project haplotype reference panel

A major use of the 1000 Genomes Project (1000GP) data is genotype imputation in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Here we develop a method to estimate haplotypes from low-coverage sequencing data that can take advantage of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarray genotypes on the same samples. First the SNP array data are phased to build a backbone (or 'scaffold') of haplotypes across each chromosome. We then phase the sequence data 'onto' this haplotype scaffold. This approach can take advantage of relatedness between sequenced and non-sequenced samples to improve accuracy. We use this method to create a new 1000GP haplotype reference set for use by the human genetic community. Using a set of validation genotypes at SNP and bi-allelic indels we show that these haplotypes have lower genotype discordance and improved imputation performance into downstream GWAS samples, especially at low-frequency variants. © 2014 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved

Influence of Lubricants and Attrition Milling Parameters on the Quality of Zirconolite Ceramics, Consolidated by Hot Isostatic Pressing, for Immobilization of Plutonium

The effect of attrition milling on the processing of precursor oxides was investigated, with reference to the fabrication of titanate ceramics for the immobilization of plutonium and actinides, consolidated by hot isostatic pressing. Difficulties encountered during the lubricant removal step masked any correlation between the milling conditions and the final product. Four lubricants were investigated zinc stearate, Ceridust™, polyethylene glycol and oleic acid. The precursor blends were added to these lubricants to ensure the powders remained free flowing while dry milling in an attrition mill. All except Ceridust™ allowed the milled powders to be freely discharged. Examination of the products showed that each sample was highly porous and all were below the target minimum of 92 % of theoretical density. XRD and SEM analysis showed the production of a multiphase ceramic (zirconolite, perovskite, ilmenite) rather than the single target phase zirconolite. The impact of incomplete lubricant burn out on the oxidation states of Ce and Fe was investigated by XANES and Mössbauer spectroscopy, respectively. Suggested modifications to the HIP processing line, including the addition of an in situ sintered metal filter, the use of fumed metal oxides and the introduction of electrical conductivity in the precursors, are presented. © 2014 The American Ceramic Society

Adherence to prescribed medications in patients with heart failure – insights from liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based urine analysis

Aims: None of the existing studies on adherence have directly measured levels of medications (or their metabolites) in patients with heart failure. Methods and Results: We used liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to measure the presence of prescribed drugs (diuretics, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, beta-blockers and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists) in the urine of patients reviewed 4 to 6 weeks after hospitalisation with heart failure. Patients were unaware that adherence was being assessed. Of the 341 patients studied, 281 (82.4%) were adherent i.e. had all prescribed drugs of interest detectable in their urine. Conversely, 60 patients (17.6%) were partially or completely non-adherent. Notably, 24 of the 60 were non-adherent to only diuretic therapy and only 7 out of all 341 patients studied (2.1%) were completely non-adherent to all prescribed heart failure drugs. There were no major differences in baseline characteristics between adherent and non-adherent patients. Conclusion: Non-adherence, assessed using a single spot urine measurement of drug levels, was confirmed in 1 of 5 patients evaluated 4 to 6 weeks after hospitalisation with heart failure