La comédie de l’intolérance chez Proust et Joyce

La satire contre l'antisémitisme, chez Proust comme chez Joyce, prend une envergure comique qui finit par mettre en cause non seulement l'intolérance, mais encore le caractère totalisant de toute idéologie. Malgré leurs différences de style et de sujet, les deux écrivains déploient un langage qui cherche à déstabiliser les idées reçues, même celles de gens bien-pensants. Cette déstabilisation se manifeste sous forme d'une multiplicité de niveaux discursifs, de sorte que même une critique de l'intolérance peut être exposée à l'ironie.The satire of antisemitism, in Proust as in Joyce, takes on a comic dimension that calls into question not just intolerance, but also the totalizing character of all ideology. Despite their differences in style and subject matter, both writers deploy a language that seeks to destabilize received ideas, even those of well-meaning people. This destabilization manifests itself in the multiplicity of discursive levels, so that even a critique of intolerance may treated ironicall

The practice boundaries of advanced practice nurses: an economic and legal analysis

The purpose of this study is to examine the causes and effects of State regulation that determines the extent of professional independence of advanced practice nurses (APNs). We analyze determinants of these regulations in panel data across States. We find that in States where APNs have acquired a substantial amount of professional independence, the earnings of APNs are substantially lower, and those of physicians' assistants are substantially higher, than in other States. These results are striking since physicians' assistants are in direct competition with APNs; the only real operational difference between these groups is that physicians' assistants are salaried employees who must work under the supervision of a physician. The implication is that physicians have responded to an increase in professional independence of APNs by hiring fewer APNs and more physicians' assistants.

Smooth wavelet approximations of truncated Legendre polynomials via the Jacobi theta function

The family of nth order q-Legendre polynomials are introduced. They are shown to be obtainable from the Jacobi theta function and to satisfy recursion relations and multiplicatively advanced differential equations (MADEs) that are analogues of the recursion relations and ODEs satisfied by the nth degree Legendre polynomials. The nth order q-Legendre polynomials are shown to have vanishing kth moments for 0...4;k<n , as does the nth degree truncated Legendre polynomial. Convergence results are obtained, approximations are given, a reciprocal symmetry is shown, and nearly orthonormal frames are constructed. Conditions are given under which a MADE remains a MADE under inverse Fourier transform. This is used to construct new wavelets as solutions of MADEs

Solutions of a Class of Multiplicatively Advanced Differential Equations II: Fourier Transforms

For a wide class of solutions to multiplicatively advanced differential equations (MADEs), a comprehensive set of relations is established between their Fourier transforms and Jacobi theta functions. In demonstrating this set of relations, the current study forges a systematic connection between the theory of MADEs and that of special functions. In a large subset of the general case, we introduce a new family of Schwartz wavelet MADE solutions Wμ,λðtÞ for μ and λ rational with λ > 0. These Wμ,λðtÞ have all moments vanishing and have a Fourier transform related to theta functions. For low parameter values derived from λ, the connection of the Wμ,λðtÞ to the theory of wavelet frames is begun. For a second set of low parameter values derived from λ, the notion of a canonical extension is introduced. A number of examples are discussed. The study of convergence of the MADE solution to the solution of its analogous ODE is begun via an in depth analysis of a normalized example W−4/3,1/3ðtÞ/W−4/3,1/3ð0Þ. A useful set of generalized q-Wallis formulas are developed that play a key role in this study of convergence.ECU Libraries Open Access Publishing Support Fun

Some genetic and environmental factors affecting performance and carcass measurements in swine

Data from 592 litters of pigs farrowed and raised at the Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station at Corvallis from the spring of 1961 through the spring of 1968 were analyzed for effects of year and season of birth, breed, sex, inbreeding and age of dam on measures of fecundity, growth rate and carcass merit. Hierarchal analysis of variance was done to find the effects of population structure and inbreeding on the components of phenotypic variance and heritability for measures of litter size and average daily gain. The Oregon State University swine herd is composed of a partly closed line of Berkshires, a partly closed herd of Yorkshires, reciprocal crosses between these two breeds and a line developed from inter-se mating of F₁ and later generations. Significant differences among the various breed groups were found for number of pigs born alive, number born alive plus dead, number born plus mummified fetuses, number weaned per litter, average daily gain, carcass length, average backfat thickness, loin eye area and ham weight. Differences among breeds were not significant for loin weight. The level of performance did not increase, over the period studied, for any of the traits studied except loin eye area. The lack of increase in level of performance may be due to a lack of sufficient selection pressure, detrimental environmental effects or the depression in performance due to inbreeding. Fall-farrowed pigs had lower average daily gains than spring-farrowed pigs but, in general, had more desirable carcasses. The differences in performance and carcass traits are attributed to the smaller proportion of males performance tested from fall-farrowed litters. Males gained 0.096 pounds per day faster than females but carcasses were 0.264 inches shorter, had 0.067 inches more average backfat, had ham and loin weights that were 0.798 and 0.516 pounds less respectively and had loin eye areas that were 0.382 square inches smaller. Negative regressions for the effects of inbreeding of the dam on litter size at birth and weaning and positive regressions for the effect of inbreeding on litter size at birth were found but most effects were not statistically significant. The number of mummified fetuses and stillbirths was not affected by inbreeding but mortality between birth and weaning increased significantly when inbreeding of the dam rose above a threshold of ten percent. Both linear and quadratic components of age of dam had highly significant effects on the litter size at birth and on the number of pigs weaned with a peak in sow productivity occurring at about three years of age. Age of dam effects were thought to be due almost entirely to differences in ovulation rate or early embryo survival as the number of mummified fetuses, stillbirths or pre-weaning deaths were not related to age of dam. Environmental variation of litter size and average daily gain increased with increasing levels of inbreeding, indicating that inbred individuals were unable to buffer themselves against fluctuations in environment. Heritability of average daily gain decreased with inbreeding because of lower genetic variance and higher environmental variance. Heritability estimates of litter size were quite variable due to the limited number of sire groups available but, in general, were quite low and generally not significantly different from zero. Estimates of heritability of average daily gain were more than twice as high as most estimates reported in the literature. These high estimates were thought to be biased due to the cumulative effects of a number of characteristics of the population and of the data. A line developed from a Berkshire-Yorkshire crossbred foundation should have more alleles segregating and therefore should have a higher additive genetic variance than the parental breeds. However, no differences between breed groups were observed in the magnitude of genetic variance, environmental variance or heritability estimates

Tourism destination modelling: building a sustainable planning tool for Australian tourism destinations

The Ningaloo Destination Model is a tourism planning tool for the Ningaloo Coast region of Western Australia that assesses the economic, social and environmental impacts of different planning decisions and events. This report describes the features of the tourism destination model, and analyses its application in the region and to other parts of Australia. Destination modelling integrates a number of research methodologies developed through past STCRC projects (on visitor spending and characteristics, social impacts and economic impacts), secondary data and ecological research. The key to this process is a model development technique that uses scenario planning methodologies to facilitate stakeholder engagement and conceptual modelling techniques to facilitate research integration. The report describes the methodologies used for model development and for data collection, provides two case studies demonstrating outputs, and explores applications of the Ningaloo Destination Model to the region, to other locations and to other sectors. The Ningaloo Destination Model provides estimates of the impacts of plans and events related to tourism in four dimensions: tourism specific; economy; social; and environmental (both resource use and ecological). These outputs are explored through two case studies: a nodal coastal development; and a large resort development. The model can be used for four broad (oftentimes overlapping) categories of assessment: operational planning and decision making for specific organisations and groups (such as local government or agencies that manage land or sea use), regional planning, participatory planning and collaborations and to assist monitoring and evaluation.The Ningaloo Destination Model will be available to the general public (in a limited format) through websites; to agencies through a desktop version; and through integration into a larger model of the region being developed by the CSIRO. Destination modelling is relevant for other tourism destinations and a process for the rapid and cost-effective application of destination modelling is feasible. While much of the data is available, a broader roll-out would require benchmarking of water, electricity and waste data, and developing a wireframe for all tourism destinations. Making destination modelling tools broadly available would significantly broaden the impacts considered in tourism planning and lead to enhancement of desirable effects of tourism development, and early mitigation of negative impacts across Australia. The techniques developed for destination modelling were also found to be applicable to other sectors

Using Neural Networks to Improve the Performance of Radiative Transfer Modeling Used for Geometry Dependent Surface Lambertian-Equivalent Reflectivity Calculations

Surface Lambertian-equivalent reflectivity (LER) is important for trace gas retrievals in the direct calculation of cloud fractions and indirect calculation of the air mass factor. Current trace gas retrievals use climatological surface LER's. Surface properties that impact the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) as well as varying satellite viewing geometry can be important for retrieval of trace gases. Geometry Dependent LER (GLER) captures these effects with its calculation of sun normalized radiances (I/F) and can be used in current LER algorithms (Vasilkov et al. 2016). Pixel by pixel radiative transfer calculations are computationally expensive for large datasets. Modern satellite missions such as the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) produce very large datasets as they take measurements at much higher spatial and spectral resolutions. Look up table (LUT) interpolation improves the speed of radiative transfer calculations but complexity increases for non-linear functions. Neural networks perform fast calculations and can accurately predict both non-linear and linear functions with little effort

The role of flies as pollinators of horticultural crops : an Australian case study with worldwide relevance

Australian horticulture relies heavily on the introduced managed honey bee, Apis mellifera Linnaeus 1758 (Hymenoptera: Apidae), to pollinate crops. Given the risks associated with reliance upon a single species, it would be prudent to identify other taxa that could be managed to provide crop pollination services. We reviewed the literature relating to the distribution, efficiency and management potential of a number of flies (Diptera) known to visit pollinator-dependent crops in Australia and worldwide. Applying this information, we identified the taxa most suitable to play a greater role as managed pollinators in Australian crops. Of the taxa reviewed, flower visitation by representatives from the dipteran families Calliphoridae, Rhiniidae and Syrphidae was frequently reported in the literature. While data available are limited, there was clear evidence of pollination by these flies in a range of crops. A review of fly morphology, foraging behaviour and physiology revealed considerable potential for their development as managed pollinators, either alone or to augment honey bee services. Considering existing pollination evidence, along with the distribution, morphology, behaviour and life history traits of introduced and endemic species, 11 calliphorid, two rhiniid and seven syrphid species were identified as candidates with high potential for use in Australian managed pollination services. Research directions for the comprehensive assessment of the pollination abilities of the identified taxa to facilitate their development as a pollination service are described. This triage approach to identifying species with high potential to become significant managed pollinators at local or regional levels is clearly widely applicable to other countries and taxa