120 research outputs found
Motherâinfant interactions with infants with congenital visual impairment and associations with longitudinal outcomes in cognition and language
Background:
This study investigated motherâinfant interactions, including maternal maintaining of infant attentional focus and sensitivity, with infants with congenital severe and profound visual impairment (VI) and the association with developmental trajectories from one to three years.
Method:
Fiftyâfive infants and mothers were videoârecorded playing together with a standard set of toys at Time 1 (T1) mean age 12.95 months (8.13â17.05 months). Maintain was categorized as the mother following and maintaining the childâs focus, and Sensitivity, the motherâs responsiveness and contingency to infant behaviour. Vision level was measured using the Near Detection Scale. Cognition and language were measured at T1, 12 months later (T2) and 24 months later (T3) using the ReynellâZinkin Scales.
Results:
Crossâsectional analyses showed that mothers of infants with severe VI (basic form vision) produced higher rates of Maintain compared to those with children with profound VI (light perception at best). Linear mixedâeffects models examining developmental progression from T1 to T3 (controlling for vision level) showed an average increase of 5 DQ points (CI 95%: 1.03â9.08) in verbal comprehension for higher Sensitivity. No significant findings were found for Maintain.
Conclusions:
The findings suggest that motherâinfant interactions (maternal Maintain) are associated with level of vision at infancy, but only maternal Sensitivity has a longâterm positive association with advances in verbal comprehension from infancy to about three years. They highlight the need for incorporating strategies related to parentâinfant interactions, including increased sensitivity, into early intervention for children with visual impairment
Effects of bromopride on the healing of left colon anastomoses of rats
Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos da bromoprida sobre a formação de aderĂȘncias e a cicatrização de anastomoses de cĂłlon esquerdo de
ratos. MĂ©todos: Foram incluĂdos 40 ratos, divididos em dois grupos contendo 20 animais, para administração de bromoprida (grupo
de estudo- E) ou solução fisiológica (grupo controle- C). Cada grupo foi dividido em subgrupos contendo 10 animais cada, para
eutanåsia no terceiro (E3 e C3) ou no sétimo dia (E7 e C7) de pós-operatório. Os ratos foram submetidos à secção do cólon esquerdo
e anastomose tĂ©rmino-terminal. No dia da relaparotomia, foi avaliada a quantidade total de aderĂȘncias e removido um segmento
colÎnico contendo a anastomose para anålise histopatológica, da força de ruptura e da concentração de hidroxiprolina. Resultados:
NĂŁo houve diferença entre os grupos em relação Ă evolução clĂnica. Dois animais do grupo de estudo apresentaram deiscĂȘncia
de anastomose bloqueada. Os animais que receberam bromoprida apresentaram nĂșmero de aderĂȘncias intracavitĂĄrias e aderĂȘncias
Ă anastomose semelhantes ao grupo controle. As anastomoses dos animais do grupo E3 apresentaram menor resistĂȘncia de ruptura
do que as do grupo C3 (p=0,04). Este efeito não ocorreu no sétimo dia de pós-operatório (p=0,37). Não houve diferença significativa
entre os grupos em relação à histopatologia ou concentração de hidroxiprolina das anastomoses. Conclusão: O uso da bromoprida
estĂĄ associado Ă diminuição da resistĂȘncia tĂȘnsil de anastomoses do cĂłlon esquerdo de ratos no terceiro dia de pĂłs-operatĂłrio.Objective: To evaluate the effects of bromopride on the formation of adhesions and anastomotic healing in the left colon of rats.
Methods: We divided 40 rats into two groups of 20 animals, administration of bromopride (study group-E) or saline (control group-
C). Each group was divided into subgroups containing 10 animals each for euthanasia in the third (C3 and E3) or the seventh (E7 and
C7) postoperative days. The rats were submitted to section of the left colon and end-to-end anastomosis. On the day of reoperation,
we evaluated the total amount of adhesions and removed a colonic segment containing the anastomosis for histopathological
analysis, assessment of rupture strength and hydroxyproline concentration. Results: There was no difference between groups in
relation to clinical outcome. Two animals in the study group had blocked anastomotic leakage. The animals that received bromopride
had the number of intracavitary adhesions and adhesions to the anastomosis similar to the control group. The anastomoses from the
group E3 animals showed lower resistance to rupture the one from the C3 group (p = 0.04). This effect did not occur on the seventh
postoperative day (p = 0.37). There was no significant difference between groups in relation to histopathology and hydroxyproline
concentration in the anastomoses. Conclusion: The use of bromopride was associated with decreased tensile strength of left colon
anastomosis in rats in the third postoperative day
S-100 protein positive cells in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC): absence of prognostic significance. A clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study of 40 cases
An immunohistochemical study of S-100 protein in 43 nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPC) of known clinical evolution (33 primary and 10 metastatic) is presented. Sixty per cent of primary site cases as well as all metastatic forms showed S-100 protein positive cells intermingled with tumour cells. These S-100 positive elements were identified as Langerhans cells. No significant differences were found when correlating S-100 protein positivity and histological NPC variants, neither in age nor in sex of patients. Statistical analysis failed to demonstrate any positive correlation between S-100 protein reactivity and clinical survival
Spinal afferent neurons projecting to the rat lung and pleura express acid sensitive channels
BACKGROUND: The acid sensitive ion channels TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor-1) and ASIC3 (acid sensing ion channel-3) respond to tissue acidification in the range that occurs during painful conditions such as inflammation and ischemia. Here, we investigated to which extent they are expressed by rat dorsal root ganglion neurons projecting to lung and pleura, respectively. METHODS: The tracer DiI was either injected into the left lung or applied to the costal pleura. Retrogradely labelled dorsal root ganglion neurons were subjected to triple-labelling immunohistochemistry using antisera against TRPV1, ASIC3 and neurofilament 68 (marker for myelinated neurons), and their soma diameter was measured. RESULTS: Whereas 22% of pulmonary spinal afferents contained neither channel-immunoreactivity, at least one is expressed by 97% of pleural afferents. TRPV1(+)/ASIC3(- )neurons with probably slow conduction velocity (small soma, neurofilament 68-negative) were significantly more frequent among pleural (35%) than pulmonary afferents (20%). TRPV1(+)/ASIC3(+ )neurons amounted to 14 and 10% respectively. TRPV1(-)/ASIC3(+ )neurons made up between 44% (lung) and 48% (pleura) of neurons, and half of them presumably conducted in the A-fibre range (larger soma, neurofilament 68-positive). CONCLUSION: Rat pleural and pulmonary spinal afferents express at least two different acid-sensitive channels that make them suitable to monitor tissue acidification. Patterns of co-expression and structural markers define neuronal subgroups that can be inferred to subserve different functions and may initiate specific reflex responses. The higher prevalence of TRPV1(+)/ASIC3(- )neurons among pleural afferents probably reflects the high sensitivity of the parietal pleura to painful stimuli
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