Selectivity in regeneration of the oculomotor nerve in the cichlid fish, Astronotus ocellatus

It has long been considered a general rule for nerve regeneration that the reinnervation of skeletal muscle is nonselective. Regenerating nerve fibers are supposed to reconnect with one skeletal muscle as readily as another according to studies covering a wide range of vertebrates (Weiss, 1937; Weiss & Taylor, 1944; Weiss & Hoag, 1946; Bernstein & Guth, 1961; Guth, 1961, 1962, 1963). Similarly, in embryogenesis proper functional connexions between nerve centers and particular muscles are supposedly attained, not by selective nerve outgrowth but rather through a process of ‘myotypic modulation’ (Weiss, 1955) that presupposes nonselective peripheral innervation. Doubt about the general validity of this rule and the concepts behind it has come from a series of studies on regeneration of the oculomotor nerve in teleosts, urodeles, and anurans and of spinal fin nerves in teleosts (Sperry, 1946, 1947, 1950, 1965; Sperry & Deupree, 1956; Arora & Sperry, 1957a, 1964)

Using Deterministic Models for Long Range Future Growth in an Urban/Rural Watershed

2010 S.C. Water Resources Conference - Science and Policy Challenges for a Sustainable Futur

Letter from Jas. L. Sperry to John Muir, 1894 Aug 6.

Big TreesSept 6th 1894John Muir EsqMartinez CalDear SirI recvd your very interesting Book a few days since Please accept thanks for the [pleasure?]I trust to see you again soon when we can hold you for a long time. We should be glad to see your family with you.Very sincerely yoursJacob Sperry 364Mtns of CalSperry ofCala[illegible] Sequoi

Actions speak louder than words: outsiders' perceptions of diversity mixed messages

To attract a gender diverse workforce, many employers use diversity statements to publicly signal that they value gender diversity. However, this often represents a misalignment between words and actions (i.e., a diversity mixed message) because most organizations are male dominated, especially in board positions. We conducted 3 studies to investigate the potentially indirect effect of such diversity mixed messages through perceived behavioral integrity on employer attractiveness. In Study 1, following a 2 x 2 design, participants (N = 225) were either shown a pro gender diversity statement or a neutral statement, in combination with a gender diverse board (4 men and 4 women) or a uniform all-male board (8 men). Participants' perceived behavioral integrity of the organization was assessed. In Study 2, participants (N = 251) either read positive or negative reviews of the organization's behavioral integrity. Employer attractiveness was then assessed. Study 3 (N = 427) investigated the impact of board gender composition on perceived behavioral integrity and employer attractiveness using a bootstrapping procedure. Both the causal-chain design of Study 1 and 2, as well as the significance test of the proposed indirect relationship in Study 3, revealed that a diversity mixed message negatively affected an organization's perceived behavioral integrity, and low behavioral integrity in turn negatively impacted employer attractiveness. In Study 3, there was also evidence for a tipping point (more than 1 woman on the board was needed) with regard to participants' perceptions of the organization's behavioral integrity

Myotypic Respecification of Regenerated Nerve-fibres in Cichlid Fishes

In man and other mammals normal motor co-ordination is not restored, as a rule, after regeneration of a severed peripheral nerve-trunk (Sperry, 1945). The random misdirection of regenerating fibres into foreign muscles tends to prevent normal dissociated action within the re-innervated musculature. In contrast, larval amphibians have been found to show excellent recovery of motor function in the form of ‘homologous or myotypic response’ (Weiss, 1936, 1941) following the cutting and regeneration of limb-nerves, limb transplantation, and the cross-connecting of limb nerves to foreign muscles. Similarly, good restoration of muscle co-ordination has been observed in the pectoral fin of adult teleost fishes (Sperry, 1950, 1956)

Evaluation of Rumble Stripes on Low-Volume Rural Roads in Iowa—Phase I

Single-vehicle run-off-road crashes are the most common crash type on rural two-lane Iowa roads. Rumble strips have been proven effective in mitigating these crashes, but these strips are commonly installed in paved shoulders adjacent to higher-volume roads owned by the State of Iowa. Lower-volume paved rural roads owned by local agencies do not commonly feature paved shoulders but frequently experience run-off-road crashes. This project involved installing “rumble stripes,” which are a combination of conventional rumble strips with a painted edge line placed on the surface of the milled area, along the edge of the travel lanes but at a narrow width to avoid possible intrusion into the normal vehicle travel paths. Candidate locations were selected from a list of paved local rural roads that were most recently listed in the top 5% of roads for run-off-road crashes in Iowa. Horizontal curves were the most favored locations for rumble stripe installation because they commonly experience roadway departure crashes. The research described in this report was part of a project funded by the Federal Highway Administration, Iowa Highway Research Board, and Iowa Department of Transportation to evaluate the effectiveness of edge line rumble strips in Iowa. The project evaluated the effectiveness of “rumble stripes” in reducing run-off-road crashes and in improving the longevity and wet weather visibility of edge line markings. This project consists of two phases. The first phase was to select pilot study locations, select a set of test sites, install rumble stripes, summarize lessons learned during installation, and provide a preliminary assessment of the rumble stripes’ performance. This information is summarized in this report. The purpose of the second phase is to provide a more long-term assessment of the performance of the pavement markings, conduct preliminary crash assessments, and evaluate lane keeping. This will result in a forthcoming second report

Infusing Case Conceptualization and Treatment Planning into the Counseling Practicum and Internship Learning Experience

Case conceptualization is considered by many to be the most important competency expected in clinical practice today. This presentation will review the process of infusing case conceptualization and treatment planning in practicum and internship courses. The information that will be presented and illustrated in this session will include a review of case conceptualization, practicum and internship assignments, exemplar case conceptualization reports, and evaluation rubrics

Distinguishing the communication and coordination differences between superior and good teams in tactical scenarios

To establish effective Command and Control in Combat Information Centers (CIC) onboard Navy ships, it is very important that CIC teams develop proficient coordination, communication, and teamwork skills. The Navy has supported several research programs to investigate probable methods for enhancing these skills; one such program is the Tactical Decision Making Under Stress (TADMUS) program. Alphatech, INC., conducted the Tactical Adaptation and Coordination Training experiment (TACT) as part of this program to study how Navy CIC teams adapt to changing tactical environments. This thesis analyzes data from the TACT experiment in order to identify differences between superior and good teams. Findings reveal that superior teams have better teamwork skills, experience higher subjective workloads, and have more confidence in their Tactical Action Officers. In addition, high stress caused teams to be less orientated towards teamwork and lowered their communication and coordination skills.http://archive.org/details/distinguishingco1094535087NANAU.S. Navy (U.S.N.) author