Studies in the Morphosyntax of Native and Greek-Origin Verbs

The study clarifies certain details of the Coptic verbal system, such as diathetic classes of labile verbs, semantic classes of non-labile mutable verbs, stative: infinitive opposition, the functional range of the periphrastic construction, integration of Greek loan verbs into Coptic valency alternation system and the role of the loaned morphology in that system. In all these problems, we find manifested the interaction between two grammatical categories, transitivity and aspect. The introductory chapter briefly states the research objectives and gives a general overview of the linguistic material and theory employed. The first chapter studies major regularities in the transitivity alternations of native Egyptian verbs. Defining the Coptic conjugation system by two parameters, aspect and transitivity, I examine the functions of the absolute infinitive as the only unmarked form opposed, on the one hand, to transitive eventive construct forms, and on the other hand, to intransitive stative. The system of conjugation patterns is analyzed as a templatic system where a specific conjugation pattern ascribes not only tense, aspect, and modus, but also voice to an unmarked verbal form. Finally, the native verbs are classified into four groups based on the formal criteria of mutability and lability, and this classification is found to correlate with the semantic one based on the agentivity and telicity of verbal lexemes. I also look into the diachrony of the aspect-transitivity cluster and use the two-parameter model to explain various synchronic anomalies of Coptic verbal valency. The second chapter looks into semantic and grammatical factors triggering the use of the periphrastic pattern which is shown to fulfil the whole range of functions, from punctual passive to resultative, depending on the lexical properties of the verb. The third chapter explores the diathesis of Greek loan verbs in Sahidic. Valency-changing devices for Greek verbs are examined and compared with those operating on native verbs. The occasional use of Greek middle-passive suffix is analyzed as the vestige of parallel system borrowing

Transitivity and Aspect in Sahidic Coptic

Transitivity and Aspect in Sahidic Coptic consists of three studies united by the common topic of voice alternations in Sahidic. Having established that the Coptic verbal system is based on split causativity (for the term see Kulikov L.I., “Split causativity: remarks on correlations between transitivity, aspect, and tense”), the work introduces the concept of an aspect-transitivity grid, in which the unmarked infinitival form is ascribed the voice-aspect meaning according to the conjugation pattern it appears in. The work establishes a correlation between the morphosyntactic properties of verbs and their semantic properties, such as lexical aspect and agentivity. Chapter 2 explores the formal and semantic properties of the periphrastic circumstantial construction. Voice marking phenomena in Greek-origin verbs are examined in chapter 3. The results obtained in this study may be further used in language contact research, as well as in general and typological linguistics.Publishe

Features of the Modernization Transition of Nonwestern Societies: the Concept of A. Gershenkron

В статье рассматривается концепция «преимуществ экономической отсталости» А. Гершенкрона. Анализируется подход американского ученого к проблемам модернизации в России. Делается вывод, что теория Гершенкрона рассматривает модернизацию в качестве процесса, в ходе которого неразвитые общества догоняют ушедших вперед лидеров, и относит Россию ко вторичным волнам модернизации.The paper discusses the concept of “advantages of economic backwardness” by A. Gershenkron. The paper also analyzes the approach of the American scientist to the problems of modernization in Russia. The main conclusion is about that Gershenkron’s theory considers modernization as a process during which undeveloped societies catch up with the leaders who have gone ahead and classifies Russia as a secondary wave of modernization

Theater Life of Swerdlovsk 1970–80s: a Look from the Classes (Experience of Oral History Research Based on an Interview with N. V. Kolyada)

Based on the analysis of a research interview with the playwright and theater director N. V. Kolyada, using the methodological approach “Oral History”, an attempt is made to reconstruct some aspects of the theatrical life of Sverdlovsk in the 1970s – 1980s. The main evaluative characteristics, which the respondent gives, are highlighted regarding the level of domestic theatrical art in the Soviet era, the issues of the relationship between the theater and the authorities, the problems of censorship and the “theater periphery”. It is concluded that, despite the general ambiguity of assessments, the Ural playwright highly appreciates the Soviet era in the history of the development of Sverdlovsk theatrical art.В статье на основе анализа исследовательского интервью с драматургом и театральным режиссером Н. В. Колядой при помощи методологического подхода «Oral History» произведена попытка реконструкции некоторых аспектов театральной жизни Свердловска 1970–80-х гг. Выделены основные оценочные характеристики, которые дает респондент, относительно уровня отечественного театрального искусства в советскую эпоху, вопросов взаимоотношений театра и власти, проблем цензуры и «театральной периферии». Сделаны выводы о том, что, несмотря на общую неоднозначность оценок, уральский драматург довольно высоко оценивает советскую эпоху в истории развития свердловского театрального искусства

In the Same Stand with the People: Literature of the Urals in the Years of the Great Patriotic War

The article presents the creative contribution of the writers’ organizations of the Urals to the defeat of the fascist aggressors. The article analyzes the works of prose, poetry and journalism of the war years, written by the Ural and evacuated writers. Shown is their social and political activities in extreme conditions of war. It was concluded that despite a certain ideological conjuncture, the works of the wartime reflected the thoughts and feelings of millions of participants in the Great Patriotic War, showed their selflessness, stamina and will, illuminated their heroic deeds.В статье представлен творческий вклад писательских организаций Урала в разгром фашистских агрессоров. Проанализированы произведения прозы, поэзии и публицистики военных лет, написанные уральскими и эвакуированными литераторами. Показана их общественно-политическая деятельность в экстремальных условиях войны. Сделан вывод, что, несмотря на определенную идеологическую конъюнктурность, произведения военной поры отражали мысли и чувства миллионов участников Великой Отечественной войны, показывали проявляемые ими самоотверженность, стойкость и волю, освещали их героические подвиги

A novel RNA aptamer identifies plasma membrane ATP synthase beta subunit as an early marker and therapeutic target in aggressive cancer

PURPOSE: Primary breast and prostate cancers can be cured, but metastatic disease cannot. Identifying cell factors that predict metastatic potential could guide both prognosis and treatment. METHODS: We used Cell-SELEX to screen an RNA aptamer library for differential binding to prostate cancer cell lines with high vs. low metastatic potential. Mass spectroscopy, immunoblot, and immunohistochemistry were used to identify and validate aptamer targets. Aptamer properties were tested in vitro, in xenograft models, and in clinical biopsies. Gene expression datasets were queried for target associations in cancer. RESULTS: We identified a novel aptamer (Apt63) that binds to the beta subunit of F1Fo ATP synthase (ATP5B), present on the plasma membrane of certain normal and cancer cells. Apt63 bound to plasma membranes of multiple aggressive breast and prostate cell lines, but not to normal breast and prostate epithelial cells, and weakly or not at all to non-metastasizing cancer cells; binding led to rapid cell death. A single intravenous injection of Apt63 induced rapid, tumor cell-selective binding and cytotoxicity in MDA-MB-231 xenograft tumors, associated with endonuclease G nuclear translocation and DNA fragmentation. Apt63 was not toxic to non-transformed epithelial cells in vitro or adjacent normal tissue in vivo. In breast cancer tissue arrays, plasma membrane staining with Apt63 correlated with tumor stage (p < 0.0001, n = 416) and was independent of other cancer markers. Across multiple datasets, ATP5B expression was significantly increased relative to normal tissue, and negatively correlated with metastasis-free (p = 0.0063, 0.00039, respectively) and overall (p = 0.050, 0.0198) survival. CONCLUSION: Ecto-ATP5B binding by Apt63 may disrupt an essential survival mechanism in a subset of tumors with high metastatic potential, and defines a novel category of cancers with potential vulnerability to ATP5B-targeted therapy. Apt63 is a unique tool for elucidating the function of surface ATP synthase, and potentially for predicting and treating metastatic breast and prostate cancer

Transformations of the Information Sphere of Russia in the Late XIX — Early XX Centuries in the Works of Modern Russian Scientists

Тезисы представляют историографический обзор точек зрения российских исследователей на проблемы модернизации информационной сферы России конца XIX — начала XX в. Сделан вывод, что среди ученых не сложилось единого мнения о изменениях отечественной медиасферы и что на современном этапе имеется ограниченная историография по проблемам развития российских СМИ.The theses present a historiographical overview of the points of view of Russian researchers on the problems of modernizing the information sphere in Russia in the late 19th — early 20th centuries. It is concluded that among scientists there is no consensus on the changes in the domestic media sphere and that at the present stage there is a limited historiography on the problems of the development of the Russian media

Patterns of the block approach for structure analysis of chemical elements and issues in materials science

The authors developed a notion of the three-dimensional matrix of chemical elements, which made it possible to eliminate the main disadvantages of tabular forms of the structure of chemical elements developed by D.I. Mendeleev and the international community of IUPAC chemists. The three-dimensional structure is represented as an expanding conic matrix. At the same time, all known chemical elements up to number 118 are combined into four blocks. The block-structure made it possible to substantiate an electron-level formula, even for the proposed new chemical elements of the 5th block E with numbers 119 through 218. This allows for the development of a digital model for calculating interactions of chemical elements and obtaining new types of compounds and materials