A Low Power, Battery Operated Precision Portable Thermal Chamber With Double Thermoelectric Module

A low-power thermal chamber with a volume of only 2.5 liters capable of reaching temperatures over the -5°C to 70°C range was designed and constructed. Two small 12 V batteries are used as the power supply for the complete system. Thermoelectric modules were used as actuators since their size and performance characteristics allow the portability and precise temperature control. The PID control provided stability and errors better than normally found in expensive commercial thermal chambers, with maximum temperature error of ±0.2°C with respect to the setpoint and with a fluctuation of ±0.1°C.56627634A-Z Thermoelectric Design, , http://www.lairdtech.com/Products/AZTec-Software-Download/, Laird Technologies, Available, Accessed 20 November 2009Page, M., (2009) Akasa Nero AK-967 Heatsink Review, , http//www.frostytech.com/articleview.cfm?articleID=2354, Available, Accessed 5April 2010PIC16F87XA Datasheet, , http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/DeviceDoc/39582b.pdf, Microchip Technology Inc, Available, Access ed 12March 2009Half-Duplex, ICoupler, Isolated RS-485 TransceiverADM2483 Datasheet, , http://www.analog.com/static/importedfiles/datasheets/ADM2483.pdf, Analog Devices Inc, Available, Accessed 12 March 2009LM95071 Datasheet, , http://www.national.com/pf/LM/LM95071.html, National Semiconductor Corp, Available, Accessed 15 March 2009Sensirion, A.G., Datasheet SHT1X, , http://www.sensirion.com/en/pdf/productinformation/Datasheethumidity-sensor-SHT1x.pdf, Available, Accessed 15 March 2009TLV5616C, TLV5616I Datasheet, , http://focus.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/tlv5616.pdf, Texas Instruments Inc, Available, Accessed 12 March 2009NTC Thermistors For Temperature Measurement Datasheet, , http://www.epcos.com/inf/50/db/ntc09/Leaded-DisksB57891M891.pdf, EPCOS, Available, Accessed 15 March 20092-Terminal IC Temperature TransducerAD590 Datasheet, , http://www.analog.com/static/importedfiles/datasheets/AD590.pdf, Analog Devices Inc, Available, Accessed 15 March 2009Bradley, C.C., Chen, J., Huler, R.G., Instrumentation for the stable operation of laser diodes (1990) Rev. Sci. Instrum, 61 (8), pp. 2097-2101Huang, S.-J., Lo, Y.-H., Metal chamber temperature control by using fuzzy PID gain auto-tuning strategy (2009) WSEAS Transactions On Systems and Control, 4, pp. 1-10. , JanCeramic Plate Series CP14,127,045Datasheet, , http://www.lairdtech.com/WorkArea/linkit.aspx-?LinkIdentifier=id&ItemID=4291, Laird Technologies, Available, Accessed 13 March 2009HCPL-0452 0453 4502 4503 Datasheet, , http://www.avagotech.com/docs/AV02-1392EN, Avago Technologies, Available, Accessed 12 March 2009TC4426 TC4427 TC4428 Datasheet, , http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/DeviceDoc/21422D.pdf, Microchip Technology Inc, Available, Accessed 22 March 2009Svrcek, W.Y., Mahoney, D.P., Young, B.R., (2006) A Real-Time Approach ToProcess Control, , Wiley, West SussexFlaxer, E., Implementnf of a precision fast thermoelectric cooler controller using a personal computer parallel port connection and ADN8830controller (2003) Rev. Sci. Instrum, 74 (8), pp. 3862-3873Constant Climate Chamber HPP 108, , http://www.memmert.com/fileadmin/template/memmert/pdfdata/HPP%20108_EN.pdf, Memmert, Avaible, Acessed 2 August 2010Virjoghe, E.O., Enescu, D., Ionel, M., Stan, M.F., Numerical simulation of Thermoelectric System (2010) Last Trends On Systems, 2, pp. 630-635. , JulyLazard, M., Heat Transfer in Thermoelectricity: Modeling, Optimization and Design (2009) Proc. 7th IASME/WSEAS Conf. Heat Transfer, Thermal Engineering and Environment, pp. 129-134. , MoscowShammas, N.Y.A., Eio, S., Chamund, D., Semiconductor Devices and Their Use in Power Electronic Applications (2007) Proc 7th WSEAS Int. Conf Electric Power Syst, High Voltages, Electric Machines, pp. 258-263. , Venice, NovemberSpengler, A.W., Ferreira, E.C., Siqueira, D.J.A., Precision Table- Top Portable Thermal Chamber with Double Thermoelectric Module (2011) Proc. 15th WSEAS Int. Conf. Circuits, pp. 112-117. , Corfy Island, JulyNational Instruments Labview, , http://www.ni.com/labview/, National Instruments, Avaible, Acessed 02 December 200

Precision Table-top Portable Thermal Chamber With Double Thermoelectric Module

A portable thermal chamber with a volume of only 2.5 l capable of reaching temperatures over the ?5°C to 70°C range was designed and constructed. In order to make the thermal chamber lightweight and portable, two series connected thermoelectric modules were used as actuators since their size and performance characteristics allow the portability and precise temperature control. The PID control provided stability and errors better than normally found in expensive commercial thermal chambers, with maximum temperature error of ±0.2°C with respect to the setpoint and with a fluctuation of ±0.1°C.112117Technologies, L., A-Z Thermoelectric Design, , http://www.lairdtech.com/Products/AZTec-Software-Download/, Accessed 20 November 2009Page, M., (2009) Akasa Nero AK-967 Heatsink Review, , http//www.frostytech.com/articleview.cfm?articleID=2354, Accessed 5 April 2010PIC16F87XA Datasheet, , http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/DeviceDoc/39582b.pdf, Microchip Technology Inc [Accessed 12 March 2009]Half-Duplex, ICoupler, Isolated RS-485 Transceiver ADM2483 Datasheet, , http://www.analog.com/static/imported-files/data_sheets/ADM2483.pdf, Analog Devices Inc [Accessed 12 March 2009]LM95071 Datasheet, , http://www.national.com/pf/LM/LM95071.html, National Semiconductor Corp [Accessed 15 March 2009]Sensirion, A.G., Datasheet SHT1X, , http://www.sensirion.com/en/pdf/product_information/Datasheet-humidity- sensor-SHT1x.pdf, [Accessed 15 March 2009]TLV5616C, TLV5616I Datasheet, , http://focus.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/tlv5616.pdf, Texas Instruments Inc [Accessed 12 March 2009]NTC Thermistors for Temperature Measurement Datasheet, , http://www.epcos.com/inf/50/db/ntc-09/Leaded-Disks-B57891-M891.pdf, [Accessed 15 March 2009]2-Terminal IC Temperature Transducer AD590 Datasheet, , http://www.analog.com/static/imported-files/data_sheets/AD590.pdf, Analog Devices Inc [Accessed 15 March 2009]Bradley, C.C., Chen, J., Huler, R.G., Instrumentation for the stable operation of laser diodes (1990) Rev. Sci. Instrum., 61 (8), pp. 2097-2101Huang, S.-J., Lo, Y.-H., Metal chamber temperature control by using fuzzi PID gain auto-tuning strategy (2009) WSEAS Transactions on Systems and Control, 4, pp. 1-10. , janCeramic Plate Series CP14,127,045 Datasheet, , http://www.lairdtech.com/WorkArea/linkit.aspx-?LinkIdentifier= id&ItemID=4291, Laird Technologies [Accessed 13 March 2009]HCPL-0452 0453 4502 4503 Datasheet, , http://www.avagotech.com/docs/AV02-1392EN, Avago Technologies [Accessed 12 March 2009]TC4426 TC- 4427 TC4428 Datasheet, , http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/DeviceDoc/21422D.pdf, Microchip Technology Inc [Accessed 22 March 2009]Svrcek, W.Y., Mahoney, D.P., Young, B.R., (2006) A Real-Time Approach to Process Control, , Wiley, West SussexFlaxer, E., Implementnf of a precision fast thermoelectric cooler controller using a personal computer parallel port connection and ADN8830 controller (2003) Rev. Sci. Instrum., 74 (8), pp. 3862-3873Sloman, A.W., Comment on "Implementing of a precision fast thermoelectric cooler using a personal computer parallel port connection and ADN8830 controller" [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 74, 3862 (2003)] (2004) Rev. Sci. Instrum., 75 (3), pp. 788-78

Study of inclusive semileptonic B meson decays

Using the ARGUS detector at the $e^+e^−$ storage ring DORIS-II, we have measured the inclusive semileptonic decays of B-mesons into electrons and muons. The data originate from 220.5 events/pb on the $ϒ(4S)$ resonance. We find BR $(B→e^+v_eX = (10.3 ± 0.6 ± 0.2)$ and BR $(B→μ^+v_μX) = (10.0 ± 0.6 ± 0.2)$ using the model of Altarelli et al. for extrapolating over all lepton momenta, and BR $(B→e^+v_eX) = (9.9±0.6)$ using the model of Grinstein et al. For semileptonic decays into baryons, we obtain an upper limit of BR$(B→pe^+vX)<0.16$