21,055 research outputs found
Tuning Interparticle Hydrogen Bonding in Shear-Jamming Suspensions: Kinetic Effects and Consequences for Tribology and Rheology
The shear-jamming of dense suspensions can be strongly affected by
molecular-scale interactions between particles, e.g. by chemically controlling
their propensity for hydrogen bonding. However, hydrogen bonding not only
enhances interparticle friction, a critical parameter for shear jamming, but
also introduces (reversible) adhesion, whose interplay with friction in
shear-jamming systems has so far remained unclear. Here, we present atomic
force microscopy studies to assess interparticle adhesion, its relationship to
friction, and how these attributes are influenced by urea, a molecule that
interferes with hydrogen bonding. We characterize the kinetics of this process
with nuclear magnetic resonance, relating it to the time dependence of the
macroscopic flow behavior with rheological measurements. We find that
time-dependent urea sorption reduces friction and adhesion, causing a shift in
the shear-jamming onset. These results extend our mechanistic understanding of
chemical effects on the nature of shear jamming, promising new avenues for
fundamental studies and applications alike
A Matrix Hyperbolic Cosine Algorithm and Applications
In this paper, we generalize Spencer's hyperbolic cosine algorithm to the
matrix-valued setting. We apply the proposed algorithm to several problems by
analyzing its computational efficiency under two special cases of matrices; one
in which the matrices have a group structure and an other in which they have
rank-one. As an application of the former case, we present a deterministic
algorithm that, given the multiplication table of a finite group of size ,
it constructs an expanding Cayley graph of logarithmic degree in near-optimal
O(n^2 log^3 n) time. For the latter case, we present a fast deterministic
algorithm for spectral sparsification of positive semi-definite matrices, which
implies an improved deterministic algorithm for spectral graph sparsification
of dense graphs. In addition, we give an elementary connection between spectral
sparsification of positive semi-definite matrices and element-wise matrix
sparsification. As a consequence, we obtain improved element-wise
sparsification algorithms for diagonally dominant-like matrices.Comment: 16 pages, simplified proof and corrected acknowledging of prior work
in (current) Section
Diagnostic services in Australia: service rates and characteristics of patients
Background: Diagnostic services are the most common area of dental service in Australia. The objective was to investigate differences in services per visit for examinations and radiographs in relation to the characteristics of patients receiving these services in terms of age and sex, aspects of visiting such as dental insurance and reasons for visit, and oral health such as number of teeth and presence of decay. Methods: A random sample of Australian dentists was surveyed in 2009-10. Data on diagnostic services and patient characteristics were collected from a service log. Results: A total of 1,148 dentists responded (response rate=67%). Models adjusted for age and gender of patients showed that rates [Rate Ratio, 95% CI] of examinations were higher for insured patients [1.13; 1.06-1.21], while rates of radiographs were higher for emergency visits [1.25; 1.11-1.48]. Patients with 20 or more teeth had higher rates for examinations [1.15; 1.01- Accepted Article This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. 1.32] and radiographs [1.28; 1.02-1.60]. Decayed teeth were associated with lower examination rates [0.70; 0.65-0.76] but higher rates of radiographs [1.34; 1.16-1.55]. Conclusions: The finding that number of teeth was associated with higher rates of examinations and radiographs suggests that retention of teeth could be influencing the increasing rates of diagnostic services in Australia.DS Brennan, M Balasubramanian, AJ Spence
The effect of bedrest on various parameters of physiological function. part v- dietary requirements
Effect of bedrest on various parameters of physiological function - nutritional requiremen
Long-Term Trends in Calcifying Plankton and pH in the North Sea
Relationships between six calcifying plankton groups and pH are explored in a highly biologically productive and data-rich area of the central North Sea using time-series datasets. The long-term trends show that abundances of foraminiferans, coccolithophores, and echinoderm larvae have risen over the last few decades while the abundances of bivalves and pteropods have declined. Despite good coverage of pH data for the study area there is uncertainty over the quality of this historical dataset; pH appears to have been declining since the mid 1990s but there was no statistical connection between the abundance of the calcifying plankton and the pH trends. If there are any effects of pH on calcifying plankton in the North Sea they appear to be masked by the combined effects of other climatic (e.g. temperature), chemical (nutrient concentrations) and biotic (predation) drivers. Certain calcified plankton have proliferated in the central North Sea, and are tolerant of changes in pH that have occurred since the 1950s but bivalve larvae and pteropods have declined. An improved monitoring programme is required as ocean acidification may be occurring at a rate that will exceed the environmental niches of numerous planktonic taxa, testing their capacities for acclimation and genetic adaptation
Quantitative infrared spectroscopy of minor constituents of the Earth's atmosphere
We obtain quantitative laboratory spectroscopic measurements of molecular constituents which are of importance in understanding the health of the Earth's atmosphere, and, in particular, emphasize those species which are important for understanding stratospheric kinetics or are used for long term monitoring of the stratosphere. Our measurements provide: (1) line and band intensity values which are needed to establish limits of detectability for as yet unobserved species and to quantify the abundance of those species which are observed; (2) line-positions, -half widths and pressure induced shifts are all needed for remote sensing techniques, and (3) data on the above basic molecular parameters at temperatures and pressures appropriate for the real atmosphere
Ceramics and Socio-Economic Statues of the Green Family, Windsor, Vermont
No abstract available at this time
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