Antihypertensive medications and maximal exercise blood pressure response

Access to thesis permanently restricted to Ball State community onlyHypertensive individuals are more likely to have an exaggerated blood pressure response to exercise. Current research is limited on the impact of chronic treatment with antihypertensive medications on the exercise blood pressure response. Purpose: To determine if individuals on antihypertensive medications, specifically angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), and calcium channel blockers (CCBs) have a normal blood pressure response to maximal exercise. Methods: Participants were 2,555 apparently healthy adults from the Ball State Adult fitness Longitudinal Lifestyle STudy (BALL ST) cohort. Participants were placed in four groups based on medication status and resting blood pressure at the time of the test: normotensive-unmedicated, hypertensive-unmedicated, hypertensive-medicated, and normotensive-medicated. Peak systolic blood pressure (SBP) and the change in SBP (DSBP) were analyzed between groups by sex using a univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA). Further, an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was performed to control for age. A chi-squared test was used to determine the prevalence of normal, exaggerated, and blunted responses within each group. Results: Peak SBP was lower in the normotensive-unmedicated group compared to all hypertensive groups, regardless of medication status in women (p<0.05). In men, peak SBP was lower (p<0.05) in both normotensive groups compared to the hypertensive groups. D SBP was not different (p>0.05) between groups in men or women after controlling for age. The normotensiveunmedicated group had the lowest (p<0.05) incidence of exaggerated response compared to all hypertensive groups regardless of medication status, with the absolute blood pressure classification. The FRIEND percentiles found the distribution of the two normotensive groups were different (p<0.05) than the hypertensive groups. Conclusion: Individuals with uncontrolled hypertension have the highest peak SBP and greatest incidence of exaggerated blood pressure responses. The change in SBP was not different between groups. Further, the absolute classification and FRIEND percentiles resulted in different distributions of outcomes.Thesis (M.S.

Increasing Elementary School Childrens’ Awareness of Bullying and Bullying Prevention Techniques

Elementary age children often do not know how to address the topic of bullying and prevent it from happening. Children who are exposed to bullying are at risk of many negative developmental impacts, especially related to their socioemotional and mental health, such as depression, anxiety, and low self esteem. When children learn how to address bullying it can help prevent these negative consequences in their development

The Role of Place in Community Cooperative Food Markets in Lexington, Kentucky

Food justice movements focus on providing communities with local, sustainable, culturally appropriate, healthy food while empowering local economic systems that allow for autonomy of both producers and consumers (Caruso, C., 2014; Cadieux, K., 2015; Hayes, C. & Carbone, E., 2015). However, current food justice movements often price out and leave behind large portions of the population. Research has shown that engagement with local food systems contribute to feelings of place attachment and a sense of place (Solin, J., 2017; Alkon, A., 2011). The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between volunteers at two alternative, cooperative community food markets in Lexington, Kentucky and their sense of place. Using an amalgamation of black feminist thought and ecofeminism, this qualitative study sought to better understand volunteer participation in the markets and, as a result, illuminate potential barriers to participation in the future. Interviews were conducted with market volunteers. Results indicate that place was significant in their decisions to participate in the markets, though participants did not conceive “place” as a geographical location, but rather a social and cultural atmosphere. In other words, volunteers presented a social construction of place. Other factors contributing to participation came about as a result of the study, including resistance and empowerment and geographies of care and responsibility. In relation to volunteer participation in alternative agro-food movements, the findings of this study indicate that more attention needs to be paid to the ways in which the social construction of place affect volunteer retention

Convergence between the Penn Alcohol Craving Scale and diagnostic interview for the assessment of alcohol craving.

IntroductionThe Penn Alcohol Craving Scale (PACS) is one of the most widely used instruments to measure craving for alcohol. Recent research has suggested that scores on the PACS can be used as a "stand in" for the diagnostic criterion of alcohol craving with a proposed cutoff of &gt;20 on the PACS indicating a "positive" alcohol craving symptom. The present study examined the convergence between the PACS and face-to-face diagnostic interview for the assessment of alcohol craving.MethodA sample of non-treatment seeking heavy drinkers (N = 338) enrolled in experimental studies of AUD completed the PACS as well as a face-to-face diagnostic interview for AUD, which included the craving item from the Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism (SSAGA).ResultsUsing the PACS cut-off score of &gt;20, 12.9% (N = 43) of the sample met criteria for alcohol craving compared to 21% (N = 74) of the sample meeting criteria based on the diagnostic interview. Using the PACS cutoff of &gt;20, sensitivity (i.e., true positive rate) was 41% and specificity (i.e., true negative rate) was 95%. Exploratory analyses suggested that a cut-off score of ≥15 achieved the optimal balance of sensitivity (67%) and specificity (81%) in our sample.ConclusionsAdvancing the assessment of alcohol craving and the conversion from DSM-IV to DSM-5 diagnostic criteria represents an important research direction. The present study recommends that a PACS score cut off of ≥15 should be used as an indicator of clinically significant alcohol craving in community samples of non-treatment seekers

How do hyaluronic acid and corticosteroid injections compare for knee OA relief?

Authors: Corey Lyon, DO; Emily Spencer, MD; Jack Spittler, MD University of Colorado Family Medicine Residency, Denver; Kristen Desanto, MSLS, MS, RD, AHIP University of Colorado Health Sciences Library, Aurora.Q How do hyaluronic acid and corticosteroid injections compare for knee OA relief? A: Inconsistent evidence shows a small amount of pain relief early (one week to 3 months) with corticosteroid (CS) injections and an equally small improvement in pain relief and function later (3 to 12 months) with hyaluronic acid (HA) injections (strength of recommendation [SOR]: B, meta-analysis of a randomized controlled trial [RCT] and inconsistent RCTs). Guidelines state that CS injections can be considered for symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (OA), but that insufficient evidence exists to recommend HA injections (SOR: B, evidence-based guidelines)

The unseen and pervasive threat of COVID-19 throughout the US

Integrative Biolog

Estimating the unseen emergence of COVID-19 in the US

Integrative Biolog

HEALTHY COMMAND ENVIRONMENTS: DEFINITIONS, RISK FACTORS, AND PROTECTIVE FACTORS

This project aims to identify protective and risk factors that contribute to a healthy command environment and the effects of those factors on Sailor behavior. To examine which factors were most impactful for building a healthy command environment, we developed and asked our participants a series of Likert scale questions and open-ended questions. Using their answers, we analyzed any perceived effects upon Sailor behavior. We compared responses from sea vs. shore command experiences as well as responses from different communities within the Navy. Our research shows which command practices, policies, procedures, and processes (P4) contributed to healthier environments. Our research shows that trust, leadership, and communication significantly influence a command’s environment. Our findings indicate that these themes can manifest through a variety of programs, policies, practices, and procedures. As a result, we recommend expanding the current leadership curriculum to include organizational behavior to improve implementation of the P4 throughout the military. We also recommend expanding the data collection effort throughout the Navy to gain a more complete understanding of healthy environments in the fleet and to enhance readiness, foster healthier Sailor behaviors, and encourage higher retention.N17Lieutenant, United States NavyCaptain, United States Marine CorpsLieutenant, United States NavyApproved for public release. Distribution is unlimited