Retrospective analysis of cattle poisoning in Argentina (2000-2013)

A retrospective analysis (2000 to 2013) of cattle poisoning caused by toxic plants and other compounds was carried out in the Pampas region of Argentina by the Animal Health Group of INTA-EEA, Balcarce. During this period, 1263 reports of diseases of different etiologies (infectious, parasitic, toxic, metabolic and miscellaneous) were recorded in cattle, by collecting anamnestic, clinical and pathological information. A toxic etiology was diagnosed in 21.1% of these reports. Iatrogenic poisoning caused by ionophores was the most frequently recorded etiology. Consumption of toxic plants (Wedelia glauca, Solanum glaucophyllum, among others), mycotoxins (Claviceps purpurea, Claviceps paspali, Epichloë coenophiala, among others), and plants producing cyanide and nitrates/nitrites were also commonly diagnosed. The high frequency of toxic episodes and the difficulties in their diagnosis by practitioners in our livestock production systems emphasizes the importance of this report.EEA BalcarceFil: García, Juan Agustín. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Canton, German Jose. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Spath, Ernesto Juan. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Odriozola, Ernesto Raul. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Garcia, Bernardo L. Actividad Privada; ArgentinaFil: Micheloud, Juan Francisco. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Salta; ArgentinaFil: Campero, Carlos Manuel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentin

Hipomagnesemia em bovinos de corte da região central da Argentina: estudo retrospectivo.

Hypomagnesaemia (grass tetany) is a metabolic disorder of ruminants due to a reduced dietary intake of magnesium (primary deficiency), incorrect digestibility or associated metabolic factors reducing Mg intake (secondary deficiency). Grass tetany is a production disease responsible for important economic losses in beef herds from Argentina. Several factors influence the development of grass tetany in cattle, including physiological status, weather, soil and forage. This research described a retrospective analysis over the past 20 years, revising the cases of beef cattle clinical hypomagnesaemia registered at the Veterinary Diagnostic Service in INTA Balcarce, Argentina.Hipomagnesemia é um distúrbio metabólico de ruminantes devido a uma redução na absorção de magnésio (deficiência primária), digestibilidade incorreta ou fatores metabólicos associados que reduzem a ingestão de Mg (deficiência secundária). Hipomagnesemia é uma doença de produção responsável por importantes perdas econômicas em rebanhos de corte da Argentina. Vários fatores influenciam o desenvolvimento da hipomagnesemia em bovinos, incluindo fatores fisiológicos, clima, solo e forragem. Este trabalho descreve uma análise retrospectiva dos últimos 20 anos, revisando os casos de hipomagnesemia clínica em bovinos de corte registrados no Serviço de Diagnóstico Veterinário do INTA Balcarce, Argentina.Fil: Cantón, Germán José. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina.Fil: Fernández, Eduardo Luján. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina.Fil: Poo, Juan Ignacio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina.Fil: Späth, Ernesto Juan Alfredo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina.Fil: Odriozola, Ernesto Raúl. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina.Fil: Monterubbianesi, María Gloria. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina.Fil: Moreno, Fabiana Carina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina

Brucelosis caprina en la Argentina

La brucelosis caprina es una enfermedad infecto-contagiosa de distribución mundial, de curso crónico, causada por alguno de los tres biovares de Brucella melitensis, con un alto impacto en la producción caprina, debido a la producción de abortos tardíos en cabras y orquitis y artritis en los machos cabríos. Además, constituye una importante zoonosis, ya que el humano se contagia la enfermedad por el estrecho contacto que existe entre la familia y los animales en este tipo de cría y por la ingestión de leche cruda y/o sus derivados. A diferencia de los países mediterráneos, donde predomina el biovar 3 y donde el ovino y el caprino son las principales especies afectadas y reservorio de la enfermedad, en la Argentina predomina el biovar 1 y la enfermedad afecta principalmente a los caprinos. En la Argentina se dispone de información sobre la presencia de brucelosis en caprinos y humanos desde el año 1922 (Villafañe y Lastra en Córdoba, citado por Mascaro, 1959). En Los Llanos de La Rioja fue descripta en 1941 por Oscar Fitte, y en Mendoza, Córdoba y el Chaco Semiárido salteño en las décadas posteriores.Estación Experimental Agropecuaria BarilocheFil: Robles, Carlos Alejandro. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Area de Produccion Animal. Grupo de Sanidad Animal; ArgentinaFil: Gaido Analia Beatriz. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Salta; ArgentinaFil: Spath Ernesto Juan. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Torioni, Susana Marta. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela. Grupo de Salud Animal; ArgentinaFil: Vanzini Victor Rene. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela. Grupo de Salud Animal; ArgentinaFil: Zielinski Gustavo Carlos. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juárez. Grupo de Salud Animal; ArgentinaFil: Aguirre, Daniel Hector. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Salta. Area de Salud Animal; ArgentinaFil: Samartino, Luis Ernesto. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Centro de Investigacion en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronomicas. Instituto de Investigacion Patobiologia; ArgentinaFil: Rossanigo, Carlos Esteban. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Villa Mercedes. Grupo de Salud Animal; Argentin

Retrospective studies of bacillary hemoglobinuria diagnosed in cattle from Buenos Aires province, Argentina

Bacillary hemoglobinuria (BH) is an acute infectious disease caused by Clostridium haemolyticum, predisposed by different factors and affecting mainly cattle. In this work a retrospective study of bovine BH was performed with the data registered at the Veterinary Diagnostic Service in INTA Balcarce during 1969-2015 and cases reported by private practitioners through the Professional Interaction Programme of the South Buenos Aires Regional Center of INTA during 2001-2007. A marked seasonality during the winter time and an association with advanced pregnancy (88% of the cases) were registered. Fasciolosis is one of the predisposing factors commonly included in the international bibliography. However, only 15.9 % of bovine BH cases analyzed in this work were associated with this parasitosis. In 47.9 % of the affected herds, animals had previously received two doses of BH vaccines. BH is an endemic and insidious disease in certain regions of Argentina. Scarce information about the situation of the disease is available and evident failure in the control measures is reported in this work. These factors demonstrate the difficulties in the prevention and control of the bovine BH and should be further studied

Estudio retrospectivo de casos de Hemoglobinuria Bacilar diagnosticados en bovinos de la provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina) = Retrospective studies of bacillary hemoglobinuria diagnosed in cattle from Buenos Aires province, Argentina

La hemoglobinuria bacilar (HB) es una enfermedad infectocontagiosa, aguda, producida Clostridium haemolyticum, que afecta principalmente a bovinos y es predispuesta por diferentes factores. En este artículo se realiza un estudio retrospectivo de los casos de HB diagnosticados en bovinos de la provincia de Buenos Aires, por el Servicio de Diagnóstico Veterinario Especializado de INTA Balcarce durante el período 1969-2015 y los casos reportados por veterinarios privados en el Programa de Interacción Profesional en el área de influencia del Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur del INTA durante el periodo 2001-2007. Se observó marcada estacionalidad de la enfermedad durante los meses de invierno y una asociación con un avanzado estado de preñez de los animales (88% de los casos). Solo en un 15,9 % de los casos se pudo confirmar una infestación simultánea con Fasciola hepatica en los rodeos donde se diagnosticó la enfermedad. En un 47,9 % de estos episodios los animales habían recibido previamente dos dosis de vacuna contra HB. HB es endémica e insidiosa en ciertas regiones de nuestro país. La información sobre algunos aspectos de su etiopatogenia y el control es escasa, dificultando su prevención. Estas áreas deberían ser exploradas en el futuro para tratar de mejorarlas.Bacillary hemoglobinuria (BH) is an acute infectious disease caused by Clostridium haemolyticum, predisposed by different factors and affecting mainly cattle. In this work a retrospective study of bovine BH was performed with the data registered at the Veterinary Diagnostic Service in INTA Balcarce during 1969-2015 and cases reported by private practitioners through the Professional Interaction Programme of the South Buenos Aires Regional Center of INTA during 2001-2007. A marked seasonality during the winter time and an association with advanced pregnancy (88% of the cases) were registered. Fasciolosis is one of the predisposing factors commonly included in the international bibliography. However, only 15.9 % of bovine BH cases analyzed in this work were associated with this parasitosis. In 47.9 % of the affected herds, animals had previously received two doses of BH vaccines. BH is an endemic and insidious disease in certain regions of Argentina. Scarce information about the situation of the disease is available and evident failure in the control measures is reported in this work. These factors demonstrate the difficulties in the prevention and control of the bovine BH and should be further studied.Instituto de Investigación Animal Chaco SemiaridoFil: Micheloud, Juan Francisco. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Investigación Animal Chaco Semiarido; ArgentinaFil: Spath, Ernesto Juan. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce. Grupo de Sanidad Animal; ArgentinaFil: García, Juan A. Universidad de la República. Centro Universitario de la Región Este; UruguayFil: Moreira, Ana Rita. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce. Grupo de Sanidad Animal; ArgentinaFil: Odriozola, Ernesto Raul. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce. Grupo de Sanidad Animal; Argentin

Neospora caninum causes severe economic losses in cattle in the humid pampa region of Argentina

This work estimates the economic losses due to Neospora abortions in the humid pampa region of Argentina. The total dairy and beef cattle population at risk of abortion is 1,771,326 and 9,726,684 head, respectively. In dairy cattle, there was an 8 % risk of experiencing abortion due to a variety of causes, but 16.5 % of them were due to Neospora caninum. The economic losses were estimated at US$1,865 (range, 1,400–2,331) per abortion, which equates to a total loss of US$43,607,430 (range, 15,622,600–194,412,390) for the dairy industry at the humid pampa region of Argentina. In beef cattle, the overall risk of abortion was estimated to be 4.5 % for all pregnancies, whereas 6.7 % are specifically due to N. caninum, with an economic loss of US$440 (range, 150–730) per abortion. This amounts to an annual loss to the beef industry of US$12,903,440 (range, 1,130,700–42,070,630) in the same area. The results of this study show that Neospora infections and thus abortions cause severe economic impacts in the dairy and beef industries in the humid pampa region of Argentina, which is one the most important areas of cattle production in the world.EEA BalcarceFil: Moore, Prando Dadin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Reichel, Michael. University of Adelaide. School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences; AustraliaFil: Spath, Ernesto Juan. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Campero, Carlos Manuel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentin

Variation in the VP1 Gene of Foot-And-Mouth Disease Virus Serotype a Associated with Epidemiological Characteristics of Outbreaks in the 2001 Epizootic in Argentina

A mixed binomial Bayesian regression model was used to quantify the relation between nucleotide differences in the VP1 gene of Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype A, and epidemiologic characteristics of the outbreaks from which the viruses were obtained between January and December 2001 in Argentina. An increase in the probability of different nucleotides between isolates was associated with a longer time between isolation dates, a greater distance between isolation locations, an increase in the difference between attack rates, and an increase in the difference in outbreak durations. The farther apart the outbreak herds were in the southerly and easterly directions, the greater the difference in nucleotide changes. The model accurately predicted genetic distances of isolates obtained in 2001 compared with a 2002 isolate (P < 0.01), which suggested that the predictive modeling approach applied in the present study may be useful in understanding the epidemiology of evolution of FMDV and in forensic analysis of disease epidemics.Instituto de BiotecnologíaFil: Perez, Andrés M. University of California, Davis. School of Veterinary Medicine. Department of Medicine and Epidemiology. Center for Animal Disease Modeling and Surveillance; Estados UnidosFil: Perez, Andrés M. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Konig, Guido Alberto. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Biotecnología; ArgentinaFil: Konig, Guido Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Spath, Ernesto Juan. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Thurmond, Mark C. University of California, Davis. School of Veterinary Medicine. Department of Medicine and Epidemiology. Center for Animal Disease Modeling and Surveillance; Estados Unido

Neosporosis epidémica y endémica: descripción de dos eventos en bovinos para cría = Endemic and epidemic bovine neosporosis: description of two events in beef cattle

El objetivo de este trabajo es describir dos eventos producidos en la provincia de Buenos Aires en los cuales Neospora caninum estuvo asociado a la ocurrencia de abortos en bovinos de cría para carne. En uno de ellos se registraron 11 abortos en 57 vaquillonas durante 45 días, en este evento fue 5 veces más probable que una vaquillona que sufrió un aborto fuera seropositiva a N. caninum que una que no lo sufrió (odds ratio [OR] = 4,9 IC 1,2–19,9) (p 0,05). Se analizaron dos fetos de cada evento: estos resultaron negativos a otros patógenos de la reproducción, aunque presentaron anticuerpos específicos y lesiones histopatológicas compatibles con infecciones por N. caninum. Estos resultados sugieren dos posibles modalidades de presentación de abortos en bovinos causados por N. caninum: una epidémica, como la del primer evento aquí referido, y una endémica, como la del segundo.The aim of this study was to describe two events in which Neospora caninum was involved in bovine abortions in beef cattle. In the first event, 11 abortions in 57 heifers were recorded in 45 days. One aborted heifer was 5 times more likely to be seropositive than a non-aborted heifer (OR=4.9; IC 1.2–19.9) (p0.05). Neither antibodies nor isolation of other pathogens were achieved in any case. On the contrary, antibodies and pathognomonic histopathological lesions were observed in the four fetuses from both cases. Interestingly, the findings in the first event suggest the epidemic behavior of the disease. In contrast, in the second event it appears that few abortions were due to N. caninum, suggesting the presence of endemic neosporosis.EEA BalcarceFil: Calandra, Patricio M. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce. Residencia interna en Sanidad Animal; Argentina.Fil: Di Matía, José M. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce. Residencia interna en Sanidad Animal; Argentina.Fil: Cano, Dora Beatriz. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Odriozola, Ernesto Raul. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: García, Juan Agustín. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Spath, Ernesto Juan. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Odeon, Anselmo Carlos. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Paoliochi, Fernando. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Morrell, Eleonora Lidia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Campero, Carlos Manuel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Moore, Prando Dadin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

First report of seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in dairy sheep from Humid Pampa, Argentina

The aim of this study was to describe the occurrence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in dairy sheep from the Humid Pampa region, Argentina. Blood samples from 704 dairy sheep belonging to six flocks were collected. Using a cut off titer of 1:50, an indirect fluorescence antibody test was used. Antibodies to T. gondii or N. caninum were detected in 17.3 % (n = 122) and 3 % (n = 21), respectively. All the flocks had at least one seropositive animal to T. gondii but two of them had no seropositive sheep to N. caninum. Fifty-two of 122 (42.6 %) positive samples to T. gondii had antibody titers higher than 1:400. There was a significantly higher proportion of T. gondii seropositive animals in females and older sheep (p < 0.05). Ten of 21 (52.3 %) positive samples to N. caninum had antibody titers higher than 1:400. This is the first report of seroprevalence of T. gondii and N. caninum in dairy sheep from Humid Pampa, Argentina. Further research is required for a better understanding of the role of toxoplasmosis and neosporosis in dairy sheep in Argentina.EEA BalcarceFil: Hecker, Yanina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Moore, Prando Dadin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Manazza, Jorge Alberto. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Unzaga, Juan Manuel. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Cátedra de Inmunoparasitología; ArgentinaFil: Spath, Ernesto Juan. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Pardini, Lais Luján. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Cátedra de Inmunoparasitología; ArgentinaFil: Venturini, María Cecilia. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Cátedra de Inmunoparasitología; ArgentinaFil: Roberi, José L. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Cátedra de Producción de Rumiantes Menores; ArgentinaFil: Campero, Carlos Manuel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentin