Carulaspis juniperi (Bouche)-juniper pest (Juniperus spp.) in the Belgrade area

The scale insect, Carulaspis juniperi (Bouche) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), is a significant pest on juniper (Juniperus spp.). Its population number has increased in the Belgrade area in recent years. It is present in large numbers on plant twigs, needles and cones, and causes a slowdown in growth, needle chlorosis and premature needle fall, the loss of aesthetic value, drying of branches and whole plants. The presence and attack intensity of C. juniperi were determined on Juniperus spp. in 19 localities in the Belgrade area in 2007 and 2008. Its life cycle and harmfulness were also studied. C. juniperi develops one generation per year and overwinters as a fertilized female on juniper branches and needles. Oviposition starts at the end of April and beginning of May. The number of eggs laid by a single female is 16- 44. First instar larvae hatch in May and second instars appear at the beginning of June. At the end of June and in July males and females form. After copulation the males die and the fertilized females remain on the plants feeding until overwintering

Prirodni neprijatelji Pseudaulacaspis pentagona Targioni -Tozzetti u Srbiji

Five parasitoid and five predator species were registered on P. pentagona on 12 localities in Serbia and 27 in the area of Belgrade during 1997-2000. The parasitoid species registered were: Prospaltella berlesei (Howard), Aphytis proclia (Walker), Zaomma lambinus (Walker), Azotus perspeciosus (Girault) and Oomyzus scaposus (Thomson), and the first three species were primary parasitoids of mulberry scale. P. berlesei and A. proclia were found to be the most important regulators of P. pentagona population density with parasitism mounting to 60, even 64%. The predator species determined were Chilocorus renipustulatus Scriba, Chilocorus bipustulatus L., Cybocephalus fodori Endrody-Younga, Chrysopa carnea Stephens and Deraeocoris ruber Linnaeus. The species C. fodori and C. carnea were found on mulberrry scale in Serbia for the first time. Until now D. ruber was unknown as P. pentagona predator in both domestic and international literature.U periodu 1997-2000. godine na 12 lokaliteta u Srbiji i 27 lokacija na području Beograda i šire okoline, registrovano je pet vrsta parazitoida i pet vrsta predatora na Pseudaulacaspis pentagona Targioni-Tozzetti. Od parazitoida, registrovane su vrste Prospaltella berlesei (Howard), Aphytis proclia (Walker), Zaomma lambinus (Walker), Azotus perspeciosus (Girault) i Oomyzus scaposus (Thomson), pri čemu su prve tri vrste primarni parazitoidi dudove štitaste vaši. Prospaltella berlesei i Aphytis proclia predstavljaju najznačajnije regulatore brojnosti populacija P. pentagona sa parazitiranošću do 60%, odnosno 64%. Od predatora, utvrđene su vrste Chilocorus renipustulatus Scriba, Chilocorus bipustulatus L., Cybocephalus fodori Endrody - Younga, Chrysopa carnea Stephens i Deraeocoris ruber Linnaeus. Vrste Cybocephalus fodori i Chrysopa carnea su prvi put utvrđene na dudovoj štitastoj vaši u Srbiji, dok vrsta Deraeocoris ruber do sada nije bila poznata kao predator P. pentagona u domaćoj i stranoj literaturi

Oligotrophus betheli felt (Diptera:Cecidomyiidae), a new species in the fauna of Europe

Oligotrophus betheli or the juniper tip midge is a North American species and its presence has been established only in Continental USA, on Juniperus spp. (Gagne, 1989). In the period between 2007 and 2009 this species was observed on Juniperus virginiana L. in many localities in Serbia, which represents the first record of this species not only in Serbia, but also in Europe

Prilog poznavanju vrste Leucopomyla silesiaca (Egger, 1862), predatora štitastih vaši iz familije Coccidae u Srbiji

Leucopomyia silesiaca (Egger, 1862) is a small, greyish-black fly from Chamaemyiidae (Diptera) family. The larvae of this species prey on the eggs in the ovisac of scale insects from the Coccidae, Pseudococcidae, Eriococcidae families. In Serbia, the presence of Leucopomyia silesiaca larvae have been registered in the ovisacs of two soft scale species, namely: Pulvinaria vitis on grapevine, and Pulvinaria floccifera on ivy. The larvae which feed by sucking the eggs have been found in May, pupae at the end of May, and imago at the beginning of June. The whole fly life cycle was completed in the ovisacs of these scale insects. The species was determined on the basis of the fly's morphological traits, especially male genitalia. In one ovisac of P. vitis, there were from one to four fly larvae, while in the ovisac of P. floccifera, only one larva was present. The fly larvae were present in 7­10% of the examined P. vitis ovisacs, and in 15% of the examined P. floccifera ovisacs.U jajnim kesama štitastih vaši iz familije Coccidae, utvrđeno je prisustvo larvi Leucopomyia silesiaca (Egger, 1862), koje su se hranile jajima vašiju. L. silesiaca je predatorska muva iz familije Chamaemyiidae, reda Diptera. Tokom naših istraživanja, ova vrsta je u Srbiji utvrđena kao predator jaja dve vrste štitastih vaši, Pulvinaria vitis (L.) na vinovoj lozi i Pulvinaria floccifera (Westwood) na bršljanu. Na bazi sopstvenih zapažanja i literaturnih podataka, u radu se iznose podaci o osnovnim morfološko-biološkim karakteristikama L. silesiaca i njenom značaju u regulaciji brojnosti štitastih vaši

Parazitoidi i predatori štitastih vašiju iz familije Diaspididae u nekim voćnjacima u Srbiji

Five parasitoid and five predator species were registered on four armored scale species in apple, pear, peach and plum orchards at 16 sites in Serbia. The armored scales found were: Diaspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock), Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targioni-Tozzetti), Epidiaspis leperii (Signoret) and Lepidosaphes ulmi (L.). The parasitoid species detected were: Encarsia (=Prospaltella) perniciosi (Tow.), Encarsia (=Prospaltella) berlesei (How.), Aphytis proclia (Wal.), Aphytis mytilaspidis (Le Baron) and Coccobius testaceus (Masi), all of the Aphelinidae family. The most important endoparasitoids were: Encarsia perniciosi on D. perniciosus, Encarsia berlesei on P. pentagona and Coccobius testaceus on L. ulmi. Only one ectoparasitoid species, Aphytis mytilaspidis, was found on E. leperii, while Aphytis proclia was found as an ectoparasitoid on D. perniciosus, P. pentagona and L. ulmi. The predator species detected were: Chilocorus renipustulatus (Scriba), Chilocorus bipustulatus (L.), Cybocephalus fodori Endrody - Younga, Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) and Deraeocoris ruber (L.). Cybocephalus fodori was for the first time found as a predator on E. leperii in Serbia.U periodu od 2007. do 2009. godine, u zasadima jabuke, kruške, breskve i šljive, u 16 lokaliteta na teritoriji Srbije, utvrđene su četiri vrste štitastih vašiju iz familije Diaspididae, i 10 vrsta njihovih prirodnih neprijatelja, među kojima je pet parazitoida i pet predatora. Vrste štitastih vašiju su: Diaspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock), Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targioni-Tozzetti), Epidiaspis leperii (Signoret) i Lepidosaphes ulmi (L.). Od parazitoida, odgajeno je pet vrsta iz familije Aphelinidae: Encarsia (=Prospaltella) perniciosi (Tow.), Encarsia (=Prospaltella) berlesei (How.), Aphytis proclia (Wal.), Aphytis mytilaspidis (Le Baron) i Coccobius testaceus (Masi). Najznačajniji endoparazitoidi su Encarsia perniciosi na D. perniciosus, zatim Encarsia berlesei na P. pentagona, i Coccobius testaceus na L. ulmi. Aphytis mytilaspidis je ektoparazitoid na E. leperii, a Aphytis proclia ektoparazitoid na D. perniciosus, P. pentagona i L. ulmi. Tri vrste predatora su iz reda Coleoptera, od kojih su Chilocorus renipustulatus (Scriba) i Chilocorus bipustulatus (L.) iz familije Coccinellidae, a Cybocephalus fodori Endrody - Younga iz familije Cybocephalidae. Iz reda Neuroptera utvrđena je Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (fam. Chrysopidae), a iz reda Hemiptera, Deraeocoris ruber (L.) iz familije Miridae. Cybocephalus fodori je prvi put registrovan u Srbiji kao predator E. leperii

Biološka borba protiv korova, I - strategije, agensi i regulativa

A strong tendency to control weeds by cultural and biological methods is presently observed in the world. One of the main plant protection problems facing agriculture today concerns the implementation of different control methods and the impact on the environment and public health by extensive use of chemicals. This review discusses reasons for the actualization of biological control, advantages of this method, main strategies, organisms (insects, mites, fungi) i.e. biocontrol agents, most important characteristics of herbivores and pathogens and suitable characteristics of weeds for biological control, criteria and methods for selection of herbivores and pathogens for introduction and regulations for import and distribution of biological control agents.U ovom revijalnom radu obrađeni su razlozi aktuelizacijc biološke borbe protiv korova i pogodnosti primene ove metode, glavne strategije, organizmi koji se koriste kao agensi biološke borbe protiv korova, bitne karakteristike fitofaga i patogena preporučenih za biološku borbu kao i poželjne karakteristike korova, kritcrijumi i metode izbora agenasa za introdukciju, propisi i preporuke o unošenju i rukovanju biološkim agensima

Apalus bimaculatus (Linnaeus, 1761), nova vrsta Meloidae u Srbiji

Apalus bimaculatus (Linnaeus, 1761), which belongs to the family of blister beetles (Coleoptera: Meloidae) has been recorded for the first time in Serbia. It was found in February 2013, in an urban Belgrade area, in the locality of Zemun. Its life cycle is connected with the solitary bee species Colletes cunicularius (Linnaeus) (Hymenoptera: Colletidae), which was found one month later in the same place. Collected adults of A. bimaculatus were reared in laboratory until the first instar larvae - triungulin larvae hatched out from the laid eggs.Početkom 2013. godine, u Srbiji je prvi put utvrđena vrsta Apalus bimaculatus (Linnaeus, 1761), koja pripada familiji Meloidae (Coleoptera). Nađena je u urbanom delu Beograda-lokalitet Zemun. Životni ciklus ove vrste vezan je sa solitarnom pčelom Colletes cunicularius (Linnaeus) (Hymenoptera: Colletidae), čije je prisustvo utvrđeno na istom mestu, mesec dana kasnije. Sakupljena imaga A. bimaculatus su u laboratoriji gajena do momenta piljenja larvi

Psyllid Species (Cacopsylla spp.) in Pear Orchards of East Sarajevo

Psyllid species (Cacopsylla spp.) are the most important pests on pear in all regions where this fruit species is grown. Cacopsylla spp. cause direct and indirect damages because they suck the sap and make large amounts of honeydew, which disturbs the normal physiological processes.  Some psyllid species vectors of phytoplasma were found (Carraro i sar., 1998). The survey was done in 2011 and 2012 in orchards, in the locations of Vojkovici, Kula, Tilava, Petrovići and Kasindo. In Kula location, survey was done on the following cultivars: Wiliams, General Le Clerc, „Passa Crasana“, Abe Fetel and Poire de Curé. In pear orchards of the East Sarajevo area the following were determined: Cacopsylla pyri Linne, Cacopsylla pyrisuga Foerster and Cacopsylla pyricola Foerster. In intensive orchards of Vojkovići and Kula, C. pyri was more present compared to C. pyrisuga, while in extensive orchards in the location of Kasindo, C. pyrisuga was more present.  In semi-intensive orchards, Tilava and Petrovići, the most present was C. pyrisuga, then C. pyri and the least present was C. pyricola. In the locality of Kula, the highest percentage of shoots infeted with C. pyri was the Poire de Curé, and the smallest was of cultivar Abe Fetel

Neka zapažanja o rilašu Polydrusus (Polydrusus) picus ssp. picus (Fabricius 1792)

Polydrusus (Polydrusus) picus ssp. picus (Fabricius, 1792) which belongs to the family of weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) has been recorded in a high number during the spring 2017 in Belgrade area, Serbia. The adults were detected on aronia plants firstly, and than on strawberry plants and Celltis occidentalis L. leaves. The most of them were found feeding on the youngest leaves. On aronia and C. occidentalis plants, adults fed on young leaves along the periphery of the leaf blade and between the veins. On strawberry plants, adults fed on the same way on young leaves, but also damaged the leaf petioles, sepals, floral and fructal peduncles. High number of adults were found on aronia plants, but the most significant damages were detected on strawberry plants.Tokom proleća 2017. godine, na više lokacija na području Beograda (Srbija), utvrđeno je prisustvo brojnih imaga rilaša Polydrusus (Polydrusus) picus ssp. picus (Fabricius, 1792). Prva imaga nađena su na sadnicama aronije u prodaji, a potom su u većem broju registrovana na aroniji i jagodi u okućnicama i na američkom kopriviću (Celtis occidentalis L.). Odrasle jedinke su se hranile grizući mlade listove po obodu, ostavljajući karakteristična oštećenja

Štitaste vaši (Hemiptera, Diaspididae) na jagodastim voćkama u Srbiji

The most important scale insects on berry fruit trees in Serbia are Aulacaspis rosae Bouche, Epidiaspis leperii Signoret, Lepidosaphes ulmi Linnaeus, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona Targ. & Tozz., Diaspidiotus perniciosus Comstock and Chionaspis salicis (L.). These species are registered in private orchards and on individual plants in some lowland and mountain localities in Serbia. The scales are physiological pests. Sucking juice from all overground plant organs they provoke plant feebleness which results in decrease of growing, flowering, fruitfulness, even drying of brunches or whole plants, especially seedlings. Such plants are liable for the attack from many secondary pests and pathogens. During our investigations, the most important scales on berry fruit trees were Pseudaulacaspis pentagona Targ. & Tozz., on gooseberry-bush, red currant-bush and mulberry-tree and Chionaspis salicis (L.) on cranberry and blueberry. These species were found in a large number which provoked drying of brunches even whole infested plants. The most important measure in the prevention of armored scale insects is spreading to provide healthy plant material. Winter sprinkling with preparations based on mineral oil can be used to control scales. During vegetation period, when the first instars emerge, preparations based on azinphos-methyl, methomyl, dimethoat can be applied.Na jagodastim voćkama u Srbiji utvrđeno je šest vrsta štitastih vaši iz familije Diaspididae: Aulacaspis rosae Bouche, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targioni-Tozzetti) Epidiaspis leperii (Signoret), Lepidosaphes ulmi Linnaeus, Diaspidiotus perniciosus Comstock i Chionaspis salicis (L.). Isisavanjem sokova iz svih nadzemnih biljnih organa, ovi insekti izazivaju fiziološko slabljenje biljaka, što ima za posledicu smanjen godišnji prirast, cvetanje, plodonošenje, pa čak i sušenje, naročito mladih sadnica. Fiziološki oslabljene biljke podložne su napadu sekundarnih štetočina i raznih patogena. Navedene vrste su nalažene u privatnim zasadima, na pojedinačnim biljkama i u prirodnim sastojinama. Uglavnom su na jagodastim voćkama bile prisutne male kolonije koje nisu prouzrokovale vidljive simptome oštećenja. Jedino je na ogrozdu, ribizli i dudu, usled prisutnih brojnih i gustih kolonija Pseudaulacaspis pentagona, zabeleženo sušenje pojedinačnih grana, ali i celih biljaka ribizle, a u prirodnim sastojinama borovnice i brusnice, u planinskim područjima, nalaženi su delimično ili potpuno osušeni žbunovi biljaka naseljenih brojnim kolonijama Chionaspis salicis. U radu su dati podaci o morfologiji, ciklusu razvića, štetnosti i načinu suzbijanja navedenih vrsta