The History of Manpower Forecasting in Modelling Labour Market

The manpower forecasting approach (MFA) was one of the first attempts in educational planning purposes. Manpower planners attempted: 1) to calculate the demand for manpower classified by occupation; 2) to convert this classification of demand by occupation into demand by educational attainment; 3) to devise plans and policies aimed at equating projected demands and probable supplies. The paper recalls the basic principles of the MFA from the perspective of the history of the economic thought and attempts to clarify why there was a virtual failure in MFA during the 1960s.manpower planning,economic development,labour market

Journal of World Economic Research

Journal of World Economic Research (JWER) aims to enhance the study of economic issues such as open economy macroeconomics, international factor movements and business, exchange rate movements and determination, international trade theories, trade policy, FDI, international capital flows, external debt, regional trade agreements, foreign aid, international trade organizations, world economic programs, impacts of globalization, global capital markets, global economic integration and cooperation, global economic inequality, intellectual property rights, optimum currency areas, and other timely and concerned global or international issues. JWER also welcomes scholarly contributions from officials with government agencies, international agencies, and non-governmental organizations

Cuencas triásicas del Oeste argentino: origen y evolución

The Triassic basins of western Argentina and northern Patagonia are located along fhe Pacific margin of Southwest Gondwana. They are narrow and elongated depressions oriented NW-SE, floored by a thick continental crust composed of Precarnbrian and Lower Palaeozoic magmatic rocks, and an Upper Palaeozoic plutonic-volcanic complex (Gondwana Magmatism). These basins are associated with the Choiyoi Magmatic Province, the Central Patagonian Batholith and the Comallo Volcanic Complex. For the Triassic of western Argentina the following stages are recognised: Barrealian (Early to Mid Triassic), Cortaderitian (Mid to early Late Triassic) and Florian (Late Triassic). During the Barrealian severa1 passive rfts are opened (Ischigualasto - Villa Unión, Marayes, Las Salinas - Beazley, Cuyo and the short-lived San Rafael basins). They are characterised by a synrift phase related to the activity of the main fracture systems along the active flank of the half-grabens, high accommodation space and frequent coarsegrained sediment supply (usually vocaniclastic) from the active margins. Intercalations of basic lava flows are common. In the Cortaderitian protracted extension, maximum regional development of the Triassic bgsins occurred. Most basins were controlled by thermal-tectonic subsidence. High accommodation space, limited coarse-grained cbntributions and high lacustrine base levels are the more characteristic conditions for basin sedimentary infill. In the Florian stagelthe Ischigualasto-Villa Unión, the Marayes and the Cuyo basins are characterised by fluvial-dominated red-bed successions, related to a transtensional stage of evolution. Several half-grabens (Malargüe, Paso Flores and Chacaico) are opened as precursors of the Neuquén Basin. In northwestern Patagonia, the combInation between regional strike-slip displacement along the Gastre Fault System and protopacific subduction, causes the development of the arc magmatism represented by the Central Patagonian Batholith and the thick volcano-sedimentary Comallo complex

Valutazione, mediante piattaforma robotica, della funzionalita dell'arto anteriore prima e dopo ischemia cerebrale focale nel topo

Attualmente l’ictus rappresenta una delle più comuni cause di morte nel mondo, tuttavia circa il 70% dei pazienti colpiti sopravvive sviluppando disfunzioni motorie, soprattutto a carico degli arti, che rendono necessario un trattamento riabilitativo. Questi trattamenti consistono principalmente in lunghe sedute giornaliere di esercizi ripetitivi, intensivi e finalizzati, guidati da un riabilitatore. Studi recenti hanno portato ad un crescente utilizzo di dispositivi riabilitativi robotici, in virtù dei numerosi vantaggi offerti. L’efficacia effettiva di questi strumenti, tuttavia, non è ancora stata definitivamente dimostrata e manca ancora una conoscenza approfondita sui fenomeni di plasticità neurale che sembrano essere responsabili del recupero motorio indotto da queste terapie. Finora sono stati utilizzati soprattutto i roditori come modelli di ischemia focale in corteccia motoria per studiare le conseguenze del danno ed eventuali fenomeni di recuper, mediante test comportamentali che, tuttavia, offrono una valutazione alquanto approssimativa e scarsamente specifica. In questo studio ci si propone di utilizzare un dispositivo robotico come metodo di valutazione, oggettivo e ripetibile, della funzionalità motoria dell’arto anteriore del topo, prima e dopo induzione di un ictus a livello di corteccia motoria. Questo metodo, affiancato dai tradizionali test comportamentali sulle prestazioni motorie, potrebbe essere la base di futuri studi sulla fisiopatologia dell’ictus e sui fenomeni neurali ad esso legati. A questo scopo, una batteria di esemplari femmine di Mus musculus C57BL/6 è stata sottoposta al Collins Paw Preference Test per selezionare individui che mostrassero una forte preferenza verso l’utilizzo dell’arto sinistro. Questi animali sono stati addestrati all’utilizzo di una piattaforma robotica, appositamente progettata, in grado di estrarre dati sui tempi impiegati e sulle forze sviluppate durante ripetuti esercizi di flessoestensione dell’arto dominante. Una volta addestrati all’utilizzo della piattaforma, gli animali sono stati sottoposti ad iniezione del vasocostrittore Endotelina-1 per l’induzione del danno ischemico a carico della corteccia motoria controlaterale all’arto dominante. I dati ottenuti mostrano che la lesione ischemica induce (i) un significativo aumento del tempo impiegato da ciascun animale nel completare il compito di flessione (Tempo Target), (ii) un aumento del numero di sottomovimenti necessari all’animale per completare il compito e (iii) una tendenza alla diminuzione del valore medio di forza esercitata. Inoltre si osservano deficit motori significativi in due test comportamentali tradizionali: Spontaneous Forelimb Task e Gridwalk Task. Il paradigma sperimentale sviluppato ha consentito di effettuare una valutazione quantitativa del danno funzionale a carico dell’arto anteriore del topo in seguito all’induzione di un fenomeno ischemico focale, mediante parametri oggettivi, robusti e specifici estratti dalla piattaforma, affiancati a quelli misurati attraverso i test comportamentali classici. L’utilizzo di questo strumento innovativo può essere applicato a studi futuri relativi alla fisiopatologia dell’ictus e ai meccanismi di neuroplasticità alla base del recupero funzionale spontaneo o favorito dalla riabilitazione

The Cambrian-Ordovician siliciclastic platform of the Balcarce Formation (Tandilia System, Argentina) : Facies, trace fossils, palaeoenvironments and sequence stratigraphy

The Lower Palaeozoic sedimentary cover of the Tandilia (Balcarce Formation) is made up of thick quartz arenite beds together with kaolinitic claystones and thin fine-grained conglomerates. The Balcarce Formation was formed in the nearshore and inner shelf environments of a tide-dominated and storm influenced open platform. It shows many features suggesting tidal sedimentation. Coarse-grained facies were formed by sand bar migration and accretion. Heterolithic packages are interpreted as interbar (swale) deposits. Subordinated HCS sandstones indicate storm events. The recognition of thick progradational clinoforms allows to confirm that the Balcarce sea was open to the south, as suggested years ago through palaeocurrent interpretation. The great abundance and variety of trace fossils is among the most outstanding characteristics of this unit. The ichnotaxa that have been recognised so far are: Ancorichnus ancorichnus, Arthrophycus alleghaniensis, Arthrophycus isp., Bergaueria isp., Cochlichnus isp., Conostichus isp., Cruziana furcifera, Cruziana isp., Daedalus labeckei, Didymaulichnus lyelli, Didymaulichnus isp., Diplichnites isp., Diplocraterion isp., Herradurichnus scagliai, ?Monocraterion isp., Monomorphichnus isp., Palaeophycus alternatus, Palaeophycus tubularis, Palaeophycus isp., Phycodes aff. pedum, Phycodes isp., Plagiogmus isp., Planolites isp., Rusophycus isp., Scolicia isp. and Teichichnus isp. Trace fossils have traditionally been used to assign the Balcarce Formation to the Lower Ordovician, due to the presence of Cruziana furcifera. However, Plagiogmus is typical of Cambrian successions world-wide

Anatomy and Sequence Architecture of the early Post-Rift in the Neuquén Basin (Argentina): A Response to Physiography and Relative Sea-level Changes

A detailed architectural and sequence stratigraphic analysis was carried out in the early-post-rift succession of central Neuque´n Basin (Middle Jurassic Cuyo Group), integrating outcrop and subsurface information from a 3,000 km2 area. Sedimentary facies analysis allowed the definition of six marine facies associations, which are grouped in two main depositional systems. During the late Toarcian to early Bathonian a storm- and wave-dominated shoreface to offshore system was developed. This is overlain by a late Bathonian–early Callovian fluvio-deltaic depositional system. The sequence stratigraphic analysis of this succession identified parasequences limited by marine flooding surfaces with little evidence of erosion. Parasequences could be grouped into four parasequence sets that show the evolution of the depositional systems and can be interpreted in terms of shoreline trajectories. In this sense, a log-term transgressive event defined by a complicated retrogradational stacking pattern and spanning for almost 10 My is identified for the older deposits. This succession is eventually replaced by a progradational unit that represents highstand conditions. The Cuyo succession identified in this part of the basin is completed by the development of a regressive surface and the onset of a deltaic depositional system with no parasequence development but indicating an abrupt basinward facies shift. The long-term transgression that dominates the early post-rift succession in this part of the basin is interpreted to represent a period of sustained accommodation creation produced by the combination of thermal subsidence, differential compaction of syn-rift deposits, and eustatic rise under a relatively low sediment supply. Changes in the stacking pattern of retrogradational parasequence sets are thought to be produced by changes in the bathymetry of the topography being flooded, which is a relic of a complex array of footwalls and shoulders generated during the syn-rift stage. Regional changes in thickness and timing for the early post-rift succession could be therefore the result of the relatively passive infill of an inherited topography of the syn-rift, suggesting that most of the accommodation was already created before the onset of the long-term transgressive trend that characterizes the post-rift succession in this part of the basin. The Cuyo Group succession reported here reflects the complexity in terms of depositional styles, sequence stratigraphic patterns, and controls that can be expected during the early-post rift infill of syn-rift structural depressions. Therefore, the results of this study can provide useful lessons for post-rift systems having prolific hydrocarbon production worldwide (e.g., in the Northern North Sea, Norwegian Sea, Thailand, and Argentina and Chile).Fil: Veiga, Gonzalo Diego. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas; ArgentinaFil: Schwarz, Ernesto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas; ArgentinaFil: Spalletti, Luis Antonio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas; ArgentinaFil: Massaferro, Jose L. YPF S.A; Argentin

Quantitative Kinematic Characterization of Reaching Impairments in Mice After a Stroke

Background and Objective. Kinematic analysis of reaching movements is increasingly used to evaluate upper extremity function after cerebrovascular insults in humans and has also been applied to rodent models. Such analyses can require time-consuming frame-by-frame inspections and are affected by the experimenter's bias. In this study, we introduce a semi-automated algorithm for tracking forepaw movements in mice. This methodology allows us to calculate several kinematic measures for the quantitative assessment of performance in a skilled reaching task before and after a focal cortical stroke. Methods. Mice were trained to reach for food pellets with their preferred paw until asymptotic performance was achieved. Photothrombosis was then applied to induce a focal ischemic injury in the motor cortex, contralateral to the trained limb. Mice were tested again once a week for 30 days. A high frame rate camera was used to record the movements of the paw, which was painted with a nontoxic dye. An algorithm was then applied off-line to track the trajectories and to compute kinematic measures for motor performance evaluation. Results. The tracking algorithm proved to be fast, accurate, and robust. A number of kinematic measures were identified as sensitive indicators of poststroke modifications. Based on end-point measures, ischemic mice appeared to improve their motor performance after 2 weeks. However, kinematic analysis revealed the persistence of specific trajectory adjustments up to 30 days poststroke, indicating the use of compensatory strategies. Conclusions. These results support the use of kinematic analysis in mice as a tool for both detection of poststroke functional impairments and tracking of motor improvements following rehabilitation. Similar studies could be performed in parallel with human studies to exploit the translational value of this skilled reaching analysis

The Cambrian-Ordovician siliciclastic platform of the Balcarce Formation (Tandilia System, Argentina): Facies, trace fossils, palaeoenvironments and sequence stratigraphy

The Lower Palaeozoic sedimentary cover of the Tandilia (Balcarce Formation) is made up of thick quartz arenite beds together with kaolinitic claystones and thin fine-grained conglomerates. The Balcarce Formation was formed in the nearshore and inner shelf environments of a tide-dominated and storm influenced open platform. It shows many features suggesting tidal sedimentation. Coarse-grained facies were formed by sand bar migration and accretion. Heterolithic packages are interpreted as interbar (swale) deposits. Subordinated HCS sandstones indicate storm events. The recognition of thick progradational clinoforms allows to confirm that the Balcarce sea was open to the south, as suggested years ago through palaeocurrent interpretation. The great abundance and variety of trace fossils is among the most outstanding characteristics of this unit. The ichnotaxa that have been recognised so far are: Ancorichnus ancorichnus, Arthrophycus alleghaniensis, Arthrophycus isp., Bergaueria isp., Cochlichnus isp., Conostichus isp., Cruziana furcifera, Cruziana isp., Daedalus labeckei, Didymaulichnus lyelli, Didymaulichnus isp., Diplichnites isp., Diplocraterion isp., Herradurichnus scagliai, ?Monocraterion isp., Monomorphichnus isp., Palaeophycus alternatus, Palaeophycus tubularis, Palaeophycus isp., Phycodes aff. pedum, Phycodes isp., Plagiogmus isp., Planolites isp., Rusophycus isp., Scolicia isp. and Teichichnus isp. Trace fossils have traditionally been used to assign the Balcarce Formation to the Lower Ordovician, due to the presence of Cruziana furcifera. However, Plagiogmus is typical of Cambrian successions world-wide

Dating the Triassic continental rift in the southern Andes: the Potrerillos Formation, Cuyo Basin, Argentina

The Triassic successions of western Argentina commonly show thin pyroclastic levels intercalated within thick fluvial and lacustrine terrigenous deposits. The Potrerillos Formation is the thickest Triassic unit in the Cuyo Basin. It is composed of alternating cycles of gravelly- sandy- and muddy-dominated intervals, in which several laterally-continuous tuff horizons occur. U-Pb SHRIMP ages were determined on zircon grains from three tuff levels located between the lowermost and the middle sections of the Potrerillos Formation. The ages for the time of deposition of the tuffs are 239.2 ± 4.5 Ma, 239.7 ± 2.2 Ma and 230.3 ± 2.3 Ma (Middle Triassic). Chemical data indicate that these acid to intermediate volcaniclastic rocks are derived from coeval basic magmas displaying tholeiitic to slightly alkaline signatures. They are associated with the rift stage that followed the extensive post-orogenic volcanism of the Choiyoi Group, that in turn has been ascribed to slab break-off in neighbouring areas. Two of the studied samples also record a subpopulation of inherited zircon grains with crystallisation ages of 260-270 Ma. The latter are considered to be an indirect measurement for the age of the Choiyoi Group in the Cuyo basin. The rift-related Triassic event represents the culmination of the Gondwanian magmatic cycle, and is interpreted as the result of subduction cessation and anomalous heating of the upper mantle previous to the western Gondwana break-up

Pharmacological rescue of adult hippocampal neurogenesis in a mouse model of X-linked intellectual disability

Oligophrenin-1 (OPHN1) is a Rho GTPase activating protein whose mutations cause X-linked intellectual disability (XLID). How loss of function of Ophnl affects neuronal development is only partly understood. Here we have exploited adult hippocampal neurogenesis to dissect the steps of neuronal differentiation that are affected by Ophn1 deletion. We found that mice lacking Ophnl display a reduction in the number of newborn neurons in the dentate gyrus. A significant fraction of the Ophn1-deficient newly generated neurons failed to extend an axon towards CM, and showed an altered density of dendritic protrusions. Since Ophnl-deficient mice display overactivation of Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) and protein kinase A (PICA) signaling, we administered a clinically approved ROCK/PICA inhibitor (fasudil) to correct the neurogenesis defects. While administration of fasudil was not effective in rescuing axon formation, the same treatment completely restored spine density to control levels, and enhanced the long-term survival of adult-born neurons in mice lacking Ophn1. These results identify specific neurodevelopmental steps that are impacted by Ophn1 deletion, and indicate that they may be at least partially corrected by pharmacological treatment. (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc