The steel–concrete interface

Although the steel–concrete interface (SCI) is widely recognized to influence the durability of reinforced concrete, a systematic overview and detailed documentation of the various aspects of the SCI are lacking. In this paper, we compiled a comprehensive list of possible local characteristics at the SCI and reviewed available information regarding their properties as well as their occurrence in engineering structures and in the laboratory. Given the complexity of the SCI, we suggested a systematic approach to describe it in terms of local characteristics and their physical and chemical properties. It was found that the SCI exhibits significant spatial inhomogeneity along and around as well as perpendicular to the reinforcing steel. The SCI can differ strongly between different engineering structures and also between different members within a structure; particular differences are expected between structures built before and after the 1970/1980s. A single SCI representing all on-site conditions does not exist. Additionally, SCIs in common laboratory-made specimens exhibit significant differences compared to engineering structures. Thus, results from laboratory studies and from practical experience should be applied to engineering structures with caution. Finally, recommendations for further research are made

Adie's syndrome in childhood

An 8-year-old girl with a history of mild amblyopia who had occlusion therapy, but her anisocoria went unnoticed, was studied. Old photographs of the patient were reviewed and a 0.1% pilocarpine test was performed. Review of her old photographs suggested that she had anisocoria at least since she was 3 years old. The 0.1% pilocarpine test confirmed a diagnosis of Adie's syndrome. In light of this case, it must be kept in mind that though rare, Adie's syndrome can be encountered in early childhood

A rare vascular disc abnormality associated with morning glory syndrome

Morning glory syndrome is a non-hereditary, usually unilateral malformation of the optic disc associated with various retinal abnormalities. We present a case of morning glory syndrome associated with a rare feature of different arteriolar circulation pattern of upper and lower halves of the optic disc. We believe that meticulous clinical and fluorescein angiographic evaluation is a must as a vast range of ocular vascular abnormalities and related complications may occur in cases with morning glory syndrome

Pre-Descemet's membrane hemorrhage after secondary intraocular lens implantation

A 6.0 x 4.0 mm pre-Descemet's membrane hemorrhage with very sharp borders appeared at the temporal portion of the cornea. There was no hyphema in the anterior chamber on the first day after secondary intraocular lens implantation. The hemorrhage resolved almost totally in 1 year without intervention, leaving slight, deep pigmentary changes and minimal diffuse corneal edema. (C) 1999 ASCRS and ESCRS

Long-term results of various anterior capsulotomies and radial tears on intraocular lens centration

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term effects of various anterior capsulotomies and radial tears on intraocular lens (IOL) centration

The role of needle revision and 5-fluorouracil application over the filtration site in the management of bleb failure after trabeculectomy: a prospective study.

Fifty-three eyes of 49 consecutive patients with an intraocular pressure (IOP) over 21 mmHg; without bleb or with a thick. flat bleb after the second postoperative week following trabeculectomy were included in the study. Needle revision was performed with a 26-gauge tuberculin syringe containing 5 mg (0.2 ml) 5-FU in a period of 2 weeks to 10 months postoperatively after unsuccessful digital massage and/or laser suture-lysis. 5-FU injection was not performed when a bleb formation was observed during needling. In case of no bleb formation, 5-FU was injected subconjunctivally over the scleral flap area and repeated a maximum of six times until a functioning bleb was maintained. Needle revision was successful in 14 of 53 eyes (26.4%) as an initial procedure and nine (16.9%) eyes maintained success. Forty-four eyes (83.1%) had 5-FU injection since needle revision did not provide bleb formation (39 eyes) or did not maintain initial success (five eyes). Mean IOP was 27.8 +/- 4.7 mmHg (range, 22-41) before any intervention and decreased to 20.5 +/- 4.8 mmHg (range, 8-35) after a mean follow-up of 25.1 months and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Mean IOP after needle revision in 14 patients was 18.9 &PLUSMN; 4.9 mmHg (range, 8-29) and 16.3 &PLUSMN; 3.7 mmHg in nine out of 14 patients that maintained success. Mean IOP after the last 5-FU injection was 21.4 &PLUSMN; 4.6 mmHg (range, 13&SIM;35 mmHg). The mean number of 5-FU injections was 2.4 (range, 1-6). During a mean follow-up of 25.1 months (range, 1-48 months), three eyes (5.7%) had diffuse corneal punctate epitheliopathy lasting for 3-4 weeks and subconjunctival hemorrhage was seen in nine eyes (17%). Needle revision and/or subconjunctival injection of 5-FU over the bleb area is a safe, relatively efficient approach with a low rate of complications to overcome the early and mid term bleb failure after trabeculectomy

Orbital varices: imaging findings and the role of color Doppler sonography in the diagnosis

The orbital varices are infrequent intraorbital masses, which cause intermittent. positional exophthalmos. They have low venous pressure inside which causes difficulties in detection by routine protocols of nearly all imaging modalities. Color Doppler sonography is a simple procedure that can easily detect orbital varices which avoids further evaluation in non-complicated patients. We report the imaging findings of a case of orbital varix and discuss the role of color Doppler sonography in the diagnosis and follow-up. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

Early postoperative capsular block syndrome.

Purpose: To report the results of early postoperative capsular block syndrome (CBS) after phacoemulsification and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. Setting: Department of Ophthalmology, Dokuz Eylul University School of Medicine. izmir, Turkey