EXAMINING THE EFFECTS OF HAND ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS, GRIP STRENGTH AND BALANCE SKILLS ON SHOT PERFORMANCE IN ELITE FEMALE BASKETBALL PLAYERS

This study aims to examine the effects of elite female basketball players’ hand anthropometric measurements, hand-grip strength and balance skills on their shooting performance. The age, height, weight, body mass index and hand anthropometric values, hand-grip strength and balance of the athletes were measured, and Aahperd shot tests were applied. Data analysis was performed through SPSS 24 package program. Data analyses included the Shapiro-Wilk Test applied to determine whether there is a normal distribution, and Pearson correlation analysis used to evaluate the correlation status of the parameters with the normal distribution of the data. The average age of the 12 female athletes participating in the study was 21.83 ± 4.407 years, the average height was 171.50 ± 6.95 cm, the average body weight was 68.60 ± 17.96 kg and the mean Body Mass Index was 23.99 ± 4.72. has been determined. It was determined that the average right hand grip strength of 12 female athletes participating in the study was 35.92 ± 6.127 kg and the average left hand grip strength was 32.92 ± 5.807 kg. Among the balance parameters, the balance mean deviation value was determined as 07 ±, 048, the balance average speed value as 42 ± 119, the balance path length value as 12.19 ± 3.473 and the balance area value as 02 ±. The Aahperd shot test mean value was also determined to be 18.67 ± 2.425. The analyses regarding the hand anthropometrics parameter of the 12 athletes indicate that there is no significant correlation between shot performance and hand length, width, palm length, third finger length, hand shape index, finger index and hand surface area. Besides, it is determined that there is no significant correlation between the hand grip strength and balance test results and shooting performance. The data revealed that the dominant hand measurements, test values and shooting performance of the athletes are not significantly correlated. Article visualizations

An Investigation Into the Social Profiles of Drug-Addicted Adolescents in Turkey

Purpose of Review The study aims to examine the relationship between crime rates among drug-addicted adolescents and personal, social, and familial factors as well as street and school factors. The participants included 713 male drug-addicted adolescents who had received residential treatment at a psychiatry clinic between 2013 and 2020. The "Patient Medical History Form" created by the experts of the clinic was used as a data collection tool. The binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine significant predictive variables increasing the probability of drug-addicted adolescents to be included in the categories of living on the street, committing crimes, school dropout, suicide attempt, and self-harm behavior. Recent Findings The findings showed that age, father-adolescent relationship, school dropout, and having an employment history significantly predicted the factor of living on the street; age, school dropout, street life history, drug use in the extended family, and having a criminal history in the extended family significantly predicted the factor of committing crimes; and having an employment history, drug use in the extended family, and having a criminal history significantly predicted the school dropout factor. Besides, suicidal ideation and self-harm behavior significantly predicted the factor of attempting suicide; similarly, age, street life, and having a prison history significantly predicted the possibility of self-harm behavior of the adolescents. Summary The results showed that personal, social, and familial factors, as well as street and school factors, and crime rates were associated with addictive behavior among drug-addicted adolescents

AN INVESTIGATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE REACTION TIMES AND THE STATE AND TRAIT ANXIETY LEVELS OF THE ATHLETES

Besides supposing that the anxiety levels of the athletes have an impact on their performance it is also important to know the level of this impact. In this study it was aimed to investigate the relationship between the anxiety level and the sporting performance especially the reaction time which is the determinant of the speed requiring sudden movements. The study included 60 university students who participated voluntarily, were actively engaged in sports and were living in Esenyurt district of Istanbul. The average age of the participants was 20,68±2,33, their average height was 179,05±6,43cm, their average body weight was 75,55±9,32 kg and their average sport age was 6,31±3,23years. The State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was used in the study in order to determinate and measure the state and trait anxiety levels of participants. The State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was developed by Spielberger and his colleagues in 1970 and its reliability and validity study was carried out by Öner and La Compte by translating it into Turkish in 1983. The analyses of the obtained data were carried out with the SPSS Statistic 17.0 package program. The measurement results were given as mean (x) and as standard deviation (SD). Correlation and regression analysis were applied for the statistical evaluation of the data.  In the conducted study the state anxiety level of the athletes was detected to be  29,62±4,46 points, their trait anxiety level was 32,12±6,39 while their double hand reaction time was found to be 0,23±0,02 sec. A positive low level relationship was detected between the trait anxiety levels and the double hand reaction times of the athletes (r=,279,p<,05) while a positive and moderate level relationship was observed between the state anxiety level and the state anxiety level (r=,311, p<,016). Due to the fact that this research is a preliminary study done in the field of sport science, this study is considered to contribute to other studies planned to be done in the future. As a result, it was detected that with the increase in the anxiety level the response time given to an effect from any external factors lengthened. The fact that there was a low level positive relationship with the trait anxiety level revealed the conclusion that with the increase in the trait anxiety level, the reaction time also increases.  Article visualizations

Topkapı Sarayı’nda sur-i sultan

Yüksek lisans tezi.Günümüzdeki İstanbul (Tarihi Yarımada) surları, inşa edildikleri dönemlerden bu yana çeşitli onarımlar ve değişiklikler geçirmiştir. Genellikle Theodosius Surları olarak anılmakla birlikte, kentin Osmanlı öncesi tarihsel evrimi içerisinde; Byzantion Surları, Septimius Severus Surları, Constantinius Surları ve Theodosius Surları olarak bilinen çeşitli surlar inşa edilmiştir. Bu surlar; kara surları, deniz surları (Marmara ve Haliç surları) ve Saray-ı Hümayun’u çevreleyen Sur-u Sultani olarak gruplandırılabilmektedir. Sultan II.Mehmed, fetihten sonra ilk olarak günümüzde İstanbul Üniversitesi Beyazıt Kampüsü’nün yer aldığı alanda bulunan Eski Saray’da (Saray-ı Atik) ikamet etmiştir. Kısa süre sonra tarihi kentin ilk yerleşim yeri olan birinci (Akropol) tepesi üzerinde, merkezden uzak, sakin ve savunması daha kolay olan bugün Topkapı Sarayı olarak bilinen Saray-ı Hümayun’u inşa ettirmeye başlamıştır. Saray, bu tepenin sırtlarında ve düzlüğünde olacak şekilde çeşitli bahçe ve köşkleriyle birlikte iç içe geçen avlu sistemleriyle Sarayburnu mevkiinde kurulmuştur. Başlangıçta saray ahalisinin ikametinden çok devlet işlerinin yürütülmesi ve hazinelerin saklanması amacıyla yapıldığından etrafı da her türlü saldırıyı önleyecek ve özellikle de isyan gibi iç tehlikelerden koruyacak olan surlarla çevrilmiştir. Fatih’in inşasını başlattığı Yeni Saray’ın etrafını sınırlandırarak bütünüyle çevreleyen bu surlar, Marmara tarafındaki Otluk Kapısı’ndan (Ahır Kapı) Haliç tarafındaki Yalı Köşkü Kapısı’na kadar uzanan kara surları ile bu iki nokta arasını Haliç ve Marmara kıyıları boyunca kesintisiz bir şekilde çevreleyen, fetih öncesi mevcut olan, deniz surlarından oluşan Sur-i Sultani’dir. Sur-i Sultani bazı kaynaklarda, sadece deniz surlarının iki ucunu birleştiren Osmanlı duvarı (sadece kara suru) için kullanılan bir tabir olmuş, bazı kaynaklarda da V tüm saray alanının etrafını çeviren kara ve deniz surlarını da kapsayacak şekilde kullanılmıştır. Sur-i Sultani’nin deniz surları, Haliç kıyısındaki Yalı Köşkü Kapısı ile Marmara kıyısındaki Ahırkapı mevkiinde Fatih’in kara suru ile birleştiği noktaya kadar olan ve yaklaşık 2,2 km uzunluğunda, çeşitli dönemlerde inşa edilmiş Bizans yapıları ve Osmanlı dönemi sahil köşkleri ile kesintisiz bir şekilde uzanmaktadır. Sur-i Sultani’nin kara surları da Ahırkapı yakınındaki yarı Bizans yarı Osmanlı yapımı bir burç ile kıyıyı terk ederek İshak Paşa yokuşundan tepeye doğru çıkmakta ve Bab-ı Hümayun'dan sonra Soğuk Çeşme yokuşundan aşağı doğru inerek Bab-ı Ali Kapısı’nın karşısında yer alan Alay Köşkü’nde köşe noktası oluşturarak Salkım Söğüt Sokak istikametinde doğrusal biçiminde sahile uzanmakta ve toplamda 4 köşede kırılma yaparak 5 doğrusal sur bölümü ile yaklaşık 1,4 km uzunluğu sahip olarak Yalı Köşkü yakınında Haliç suruna dik olarak bağlanmaktadır. 19. yy sonlarına kadar sürekliliğini koruyabilen Sur-i Sultani, Endüstri Devrimi sonrasında dünyadaki değişmelere paralel olarak gelişen demiryolu ulaşım ağlarının, Tarihi Yarımada içerisinde sahil kıyılarına paralel uzanan bir güzergâh ile inşa edilmiş olması ve bu hattın da sur içinde çeşitli noktalarda mevcut surlar ile çakışması sonucunda büyük ölçüde tahribat ve yıkımlar yaşamıştır. Bu tahribatlar sonucunda, Sur-i Sultani’nin kara ve Marmara deniz surlarında kısmi olarak gerçekleşen yıkımlar, Haliç deniz surlarında bütününü kapsayarak, Sepetçiler Kasrı dışındaki tüm yapıların ve surların yok olmasına sebep olmuştur. Sonuç olarak, tez kapsamında Sur-i Sultani tanımlanmış, Tarihi Yarımada içerisindeki konumu, İstanbul surları ile olan etkileşimi, inşa süreci, mimari özellikleri ve tahribat süreci ayrıntılı olarak incelenmiş olup söz konusu sur hattının ne amaçla inşa edildiği ve işlevlerinin neler olabileceği sorularına cevaplar aranmıştır.Citadel of İstanbul (Historic Peninsula) today had been altered or repaired many times since it was constructed. It is widely known as the Citadel of Theodosius; however, many citadels have been constructed during the pre-Ottoman historical evolution of the city, namely, Citadel of Byzantion, Septimus Severus, Constantinius, and Theodosius. These citadels can be grouped as the land citadel, sea citadel (Marmara and Haliç), and the Royal Citadel (Sur-i Sultani) which encircles the area of the Royal Palace which is called the Topkapı Palace. Sultan Mehmet II had stayed in the Old Palace after the conquest, which was located in the area where today there is the Beyazıt Campus of İstanbul University. After a short while, he commissioned the construction of the Royal Palace, known today as the Topkapı Palace over the first (acropolis) hill, which is away from the city centre and a calm and easy to defend area and which is the first settled part of the ancient city. The palace has been established over Sarayburnu District with its many gardens and mansions and interconnecting courtyard systems. It had first been established as a governing centre and for keeping the treasury rather than for residential function and had been surrounded by a citadel to prevent all sorts of attacks and invasions, especially inner threats like uprising. This citadel that completely surrounds the new palatial complex which had been started to be constructed by Mehmed the Conqueror are called Sur-u Sultani (Royal Citadel), are composed of land walls starting from Otluk Gate (Ahır Gate) by Marmara Sea and extends up to Yalı Mansion Gate by the Golden Horn, and of already existing sea walls which covers the area between these two points uninterrupted along shores of Marmara and Golden Horn. VII Some references refer to Sur-i Sultani as the Ottoman wall (only land wall) which connects the two ends of sea walls, while others use it for the land and sea wall that surrounds the whole palatial area. Sea walls of Sur-i Sultani stretch uninterrupted for around 2.2 km between Yalı (seaside) Mansion by the Golden Horn and Ahırkapı district where it connects to the land wall of Mehmed the Conqueror, along with many Byzantian buildings and Ottoman Seaside Mansions which had been constructed at various dates. Land Wall of Sur-i Sultani leave the seaside with a Byzantian and Ottoman period Bastion near Ahırkapı, climbs the hill following İshakpaşa slope, after Bab-ı Hümayun (Royal Gate) goes down the Soğukçeşme slope, forms a corner at Alayköşkü (Regiment Mansion) opposite Bab-ı Ali Gate, and extends to shore linearly towards Salkım Söğüt Street, forms curves at four corners, and with 5 linear walls, connects with the Golden Horn wall vertically near Yalı Mansion after 1.4 km. Sur-i Sultani preserved its continuity until the end of 19th century. Railway transition network developed in parallel to developments in the World following the Industrial revolution, has been constructed parallel to the shore of Historic peninsula had caused great destruction in the Citadel where it coincided with it at various points. While the destruction had been local along the land walls and Marmara sea walls, it resulted in the total destruction of the Golden Horn Sea Walls, causing loss of all buildings except for the Sepetçiler (Basketmakers) Mansion. As a result, Sur-i Sultani has been defined, its location within the Historic Peninsula, its interaction with the Citadel of İstanbul, its construction phases, architectural properties and process of its destruction has been analysed, answers to questions on its construction purposes and functions had been seeked within the scope of the thesis

AR-GE PROJELERİNDEKİ KRİTİK BAŞARI FAKTÖRLERİNİN ALGILANAN PROJE PERFORMANSI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ: HAVACILIK SEKTÖRÜNDE BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türk savunma ve havacılık sanayisindeki projelerde çalışan tasarım mühendislerinin algıladıkları kritik başarı faktörleri ile algılanan proje performansı arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir.Yöntem: Çalışmanın veri toplama aşamasında, 211 tasarım mühendisi ile yüz yüze görüşülerek anket uygulanmıştır.Bulgular: Korelasyon analizinde algılanan kritik başarı faktörleri ve algılanan proje performansı arasında pozitif yönlü bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Regresyon analizinde sorun giderme, proje misyonu, müşteri kabulü ve teknik görevler faktörleri ile algılanan proje performansı arasında anlamlı ilişki bulunmuştur. Özgünlük: Çalışmanın literatürdeki farkı Türk savunma ve havacılık sanayisinde Ar-Ge projelerindeki algılanan kritik başarı faktörleri ve algılanan proje performansı arasındaki ilişkiyi inceleyen, bilinebildiği kadarı ile ilk çalışma olmasıdır

Demographics and the Cost of Pharmaceuticals in a Private Third-Party Prescription Program

Objective: To compare variance in the cost of pharmaceuticals attributable to demographic variables with variance explained by plan characteristics, using prescription claims data within various therapeutic categories, and to examine differences in average cost of pharmaceuticals among demographic variables after controlling for covariates. Design: Retrospective, cross-sectional study. Data Collection: Data for this study were obtained from 1996 prescription claims information for the commercial population administered by a Rhode Island-based pharmacy benefit management (PBM) company. Six therapeutic categories with the highest expenditures were analyzed. Information on claims for six drug categories was extracted using database management software. Statistical analyses using multiple regression and analysis of covariance were carried out. Results: Plan characteristics outperformed demographic variables sixteenfold for all drug categories combined in explaining variance in cost of pharmaceuticals among plan enrollees. Average cost of pharmaceuticals differed among demographic variables such as age, gender, location, and place of employment after controlling for average wholesale price and days supply. Conclusions: The results obtained in this study have practical significance in the determination of capitation rates when utilization history of prospective members is not available. In this situation, managed care organizations (MCOs) or PBMs may have to set capitation rates based solely on eligibility data. Significant differences in average drug costs among the members based on place of employment suggest that benefit managers should consider differentiating capitation rates according to their clients\u27 businesses. Finally, the data from this study indicated that commercial members residing in Tennessee had the lowest average cost of pharmaceuticals among all states evaluated. The fact that one PBM manages more than 80% of the TennCare prescription program along with a significant commercial client base suggests that a spillover effect may exist