From farmers' fields to data fields and back: A Synthesis of Participatory Information Systems for Irrigation and other Resources: Proceedings of an International Workshop held at the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Rampur, Nepal, 21-26 March 1993

Irrigation / Forestry / Natural resources / Farmer participation / Participatory rural appraisal / Rapid rural appraisal / GIS / Data collection / Databases / Field tests / Farmers' associations / Training / Water rights / Water law / Institutions / Non-governmental organizations / India / Nepal

La politique, « cet élément dans lequel j’aurais voulu vivre » : l’exclusion des femmes est-elle inhérente au républicanisme de la Troisième République ?

Cet article explique la persistance de l’exclusion des femmes dans la Troisième République en étendant l’argument de Carole Pateman et de Geneviève Fraisse, suivant lequel cette exclusion est inhérente au projet républicain. L’article se fonde sur : 1) l’absence de revendication de suffrage féminin durant les années 1870, en considérant surtout l’échec de la campagne suffragiste de 1872 mise en œuvre par Léon Richer et Maria Deraismes ; 2) la persistance chez les républicains du modèle familial, dérivé de Rousseau ; 3) le caractère de l’illégitimité présumée de la participation féminine, en considérant l’idée des égéries à cette époque ; enfin, la nature de la liaison entre Léonie Léon et Gambetta telle que leurs lettres nous la révèlent, pour démontrer qu’il s’agissait d’une relation foncièrement politique néanmoins limitée par l’ordre sexuel de l’époque, car l’exclusion politique de la femme restait inhérente à la mentalité républicaine.This article explores the persistence of women’s exclusion during the Third Republic by extending Carole Pateman’s and Geneviève Fraisse’s argument that this exclusion was inherent in the republican project. The article is based on : 1) the absence of demand for female suffrage during the 1870s, considering especially the failed suffragist campaign of 1872 undertaken by Léon Richer and Maria Deraismes ; 2) the persistence among republicans of the familial model derived from Rousseau ; and, 3) the nature of the presumed illegitimacy of female participation in the polity, by considering the contemporary perception of égéries. The articles explores the nature of the liaison between Léonie Léon and Léon Gambetta as revealed by their correspondence to demonstrate that this fundamentally political relation was nonetheless limited by the gender order of the day; the political exclusion of women remained fundamental in the republican mentality

Andrea Mansker, Sex, Honor and Citizenship in Early Third Republic France

Andrea Mansker révise ici la célèbre analyse de Robert Nye : le duel – institution résolument masculine s’il en est – a été la représentation ultime de l’honneur masculin bourgeois. Cet honneur, foncièrement hétérosexuel, était, selon Nye, incarné (embodied) dans le bourgeois, déjà construit selon un modèle biomédical des sexes ; l’honneur féminin bourgeois, également embodied et foncièrement hétérosexuel en opposition à l’honneur masculin, s’est constitué par « la chasteté et le mariage légi..

Decentring watersheds and decolonising watershed governance: Towards an ecocultural politics of scale in the Klamath Basin

The watershed has long captured political and scientific imaginations and served as a primary sociospatial unit of water governance and ecosystem restoration. However, uncritically deploying watersheds for collaborative environmental governance in indigenous territories may inappropriately frame sociocultural, political-economic, and ecological processes, and overlook questions related to power and scale. We analyse how members of the Karuk Tribe’s Department of Natural Resources have leveraged and critiqued collaborative watershed governance initiatives to push for 'ecocultural revitalisation' – the linked processes of ecosystem repair and cultural revitalisation – in Karuk Aboriginal Territory in the Klamath River Basin. We argue for decentring watersheds in relation to other socio-spatial formations that are generated through indigenous-led processes and grounded in indigenous knowledge and values. We explore two scalar frameworks – firesheds and foodsheds – that are emerging as alternatives to the watershed for collaborative natural resources management, and consider their implications for Karuk ecocultural revitalisation. We attempt to bring watersheds, firesheds, and foodsheds together through an ecocultural approach to scale in which water is one among many cultural and natural resources that are interconnected and managed across multiple socio-spatial formations and temporal ranges. We emphasise 'decolonising scale' to foreground indigenous knowledge and to support indigenous sovereignty and self-determination

The Prospects for Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) in Vietnam: A Look at Three Payment Schemes

Global conservation discourses and practices increasingly rely on market-based solutions to fulfill the dual objective of forest conservation and economic development. Although varied, these interventions are premised on the assumption that natural resources are most effectively managed and preserved while benefiting livelihoods if the market-incentives of a liberalised economy are correctly in place. By examining three nationally supported payment for ecosystem service (PES) schemes in Vietnam we show how insecure land tenure, high transaction costs and high opportunity costs can undermine the long-term benefits of PES programmes for local households and, hence, potentially threaten their livelihood viability. In many cases, the income from PES programmes does not reach the poor because of political and economic constraints. Local elite capture of PES benefits through the monopolization of access to forestland and existing state forestry management are identified as key problems. We argue that as PES schemes create a market for ecosystem services, such markets must be understood not simply as bald economic exchanges between ‘rational actors’ but rather as exchanges embedded in particular socio-political and historical contexts to support the sustainable use of forest resources and local livelihoods in Vietnam

Les femmes, le socialisme et l’organisation du travail : Oyonnax (Ain) 1890-1939

Cette étude traite des efforts des socialistes oyonnaxiens pour changer les mentalités dans leur petite ville dans l’Ain, une communauté de petite industrie reposant sur des entreprises familiales, forteresse ouvrière entre les deux guerres. Les leaders du mouvement socialiste cherchent à réduire l’ambiance masculine du parti et de la Maison du Peuple. Leur succès, quoique relatif, suggère que les structures d’industrie familiale et artisanale peuvent aussi bien donner lieu à des progrès vers l’égalité des sexes que l’industrie à grande échelle.This study focuses on the efforts of Oyonnax’s socialists to change mentalities in their town, a community of small-scale industry based on family enterprises, a working-class fortress between the wars. The socialist leaders sought to reduce the masculine ambiance of the party and of the People’s House. Their success, although relative, suggests that the structures of artisanal, family enterprise can give rise to progress toward equality between the sexes just as much as large-scale industry

Woman's brain, man's brain: feminism and anthropology in late nineteenth-century France

C1 - Journal Articles Referee

Aux origines du communisme à Oyonnax (Ain): Socialisme et Maison du Peuple

B1 - Research Book Chapter