First Record Of Trophobiotic Interaction Between A Ponerine Ant And A Cicadelid Bug

The interactions of the ant Odontomachus bauri with nymphs of the sap-sucking bug Xedreota tuberculata (Cicadellidae: Ledrinae) were studied on Sipanea aff. (Rubiaceae) along a trail in an upland forest in the Ecological Reserve of Anavilhanas, AM, Brazil. Five complete interactions at day and at night (about 60 minutes) were analyzed. The care of cicadelid nymphs ranged between 12 and 961 seconds. © 2010 T. S. Souza and R. B. Francini.Holldobler, B., Wilson, E.O., (1990) The Ants, , Cambridge, UK The BelknapNovotny, V., Basset, Y., Auga, J., Boen, W., Dal, C., Drozd, P., Kasbal, M., Molem, K., Predation risk for herbivorous insects on tropical vegetation: A search for enemy-free space and time (1999) Australian Journal of Ecology, 24 (5), pp. 477-483Floren, A., Biun, A., Eduard Linsenmair, K., Arboreal ants as key predators in tropical lowland rainforest trees (2002) Oecologia, 131 (1), pp. 137-144. , DOI 10.1007/s00442-002-0874-zBronstein, J.L., The contribution of ant-plant protection studies to our understanding of mutualism (1998) Biotropica, 30 (2), pp. 150-161Buckley, R.C., Interactions involving plants, homoptera, and ants (1987) Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 18, pp. 111-135Davidson, D.W., McKey, D., The evolutionary ecology of symbiotic ant-plant relationships (1993) Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 2 (1), pp. 13-83Huxley, C.R., Cutler, D.F., (1991) Ant-Plant Interactions, , Oxford, UK Oxford University PressBentley, B.L., Extrafloral nectaries and protection by pugnacious bodygards (1977) Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 8, pp. 407-427Rico-Gray, V., Oliveira, P.S., (2007) The Ecology and Evolution of Ant-Plant Interactions, , Chicago, Ill, USA University Chicago PressO'Dowd, D.J., Pearl bodies as ant food: An ecological role for some leaf emergences of tropical plants (mutualisms) (1982) Biotropica, 14 (1), pp. 40-49Carroll, C.R., Janzen, D.H., Ecology of foraging by ants (1973) Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 4, pp. 231-257Gullan, P.J., Relationships with ants (1997) Soft Scale InsectsTheir Biology, Natural Enemies and Control, pp. 351-377. , Ben-Dov Y. Hodgson C. J. Amsterdam, The Netherlands Elsevier ScienceGullan, P.J., Kosztarab, M., Adaptations in scale insects (1997) Annual Review of Entomology, 42, pp. 23-50Delabie, J.H.C., Trophobiosis between formicidae and hemiptera (sternorrhyncha and auchenorrhyncha): An overview (2001) Neotropical Entomology, 30 (4), pp. 501-516Del-Claro, K., Oliveira, P.S., Ant-homoptera interactions in a neotropical savanna: The honeydew-producing treehopper, Guayaquila xiphias (Membracidae), and its associated ant fauna on Didymopanax vinosum (Araliaceae) (1999) Biotropica, 31 (1), pp. 135-144Del-Claro, K., Oliveira, P.S., Conditional outcomes in a neotropical treehopper-ant association: Temporal and species-specific variation in ant protection and homopteran fecundity (2000) Oecologia, 124 (2), pp. 156-165Blthgen, N., Verhaagh, M., Goita, W., Jaffé, K., Morawetz, W., Barthlott, W., How plants shape the ant community in the Amazonian rainforest canopy: The key role of extrafloral nectaries and homopteran honeydew (2000) Oecologia, 125 (2), pp. 229-240Delabie, J.H.C., Fernandez, F., Relaciones entre hormigas y homopteros (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha y Auchenorrhyncha) (2003) Introduccion A Las Hormigas de la Region Neotropical, pp. 181-197. , Fernandez F. Bogota, Colombia Instituto de Investigacion de Recursos Biologicos Alexander von HumboldtDavidson, D.W., Cook, S.C., Snelling, R.R., Liquid-feeding performances of ants (Formicidae): Ecological and evolutionary implications (2004) Oecologia, 139 (2), pp. 255-266. , DOI 10.1007/s00442-004-1508-4Del-Claro, K., Multitrophic relationships, conditional mutualisms, and the study of interaction biodiversity in tropical savannas (2004) Neotropical Entomology, 33 (6), pp. 665-672Weber, N.A., The Neotropical coccid-tending ants of the genus Acropyga Roger (1944) Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 37, pp. 89-122Way, M.J., Mutualism between ants and honeydew producing Homoptera (1963) Annual Review of Entomology, 8, pp. 307-344Wheeler, W.M., (1926) Ants. Their Structure, Development and Behavior, , New York, NY, USA Columbia University PressMittler, T.E., Studies on the feeding and nutrition of Tuberolachttus saligttus (Gmelin) 11. The nitrogen and sugar composition of ingested phloem and excreted honeydew (1958) Journal of Experimental Biology, 35, pp. 74-84Del-Claro, K., personal communicationBrown, W.L., Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. Part VI. Ponerinae, Tribe Ponerini, Subtribe Odontomachiti. Section A. Introduction, subtribal Characters, genus Odontomachu (1976) Studia Entomologica, 19 (14), pp. 67-171Longino, J.T., (2008) Ants of Costa Rica, , http://www.evergreen.eduKramer, J.P., A revision of the new world leafhoppers of the subfamily Ledrinae (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) (1966) Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 92 (3), pp. 469-502Dietrich, C.H., Keys to the families of Cicadomorpha and subfamilies and tribes of Cicadellidae (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha) (2005) Florida Entomologist, 88 (4), pp. 502-517. , http://www.fcla.edu/FlaEnt/fe88p502.pdf, DOI 10.1653/0015-4040(2005)88[502:KTTFOC]2.0.CO;2Jones, J.R., Deitz, L.L., Phylogeny and systematics of the leafhopper subfamily Ledrinae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) (2009) Zootaxa, (2186), pp. 1-120Basset, Y., Springate, N.D., Elroy, C., Folivorous insects in the rainforests of the guianas (2005) Tropical Forests of the Guiana Shield, pp. 295-320. , Hammond D. S. CAB InternationalEvans, H.C., Leston, D., A Ponerine ant (Hym., Formicidae) associated with Homoptera on cocoa in Ghana (1971) Bulletin of Entomological Research, 61, pp. 357-362Myers, J.G., Observations on the biology of two remarkable cixiid plant-hoppers (Homoptera) from Cuba (1929) Psyche, 34 (4), pp. 283-292Weber, N.A., Two common ponerine ants of possible economic significance, Ectatomma tuberculatum (Olivier) and E. ruidum Roger (1946) Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 48, pp. 1-16Dietrich, C.H., McKamey, S.H., Three new idiocerine leafhopper (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) from Guyana with notes on ant-mutualism and subsociality (1990) Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 92, pp. 214-223Passos, L., Oliveira, P.S., Interactions between ants, fruits and seeds in a restinga forest in south-eastern Brazil (2003) Journal of Tropical Ecology, 19 (3), pp. 261-270. , DOI 10.1017/S026646740300329

DJINN: Implementation and evaluation of implicit social bookmarking paradigm

Social bookmarking is a popular way to share and publish bookmarks. The growth of the social bookmarking community is creating a parallel resource for web searches. In this paper we present an approach called implicit social bookmarking, that creates a bridge between classical web searches initiated in a search engine and search in social bookmarks. Our approach allows a user to implicitly contribute to a social bookmarking system and benefit from other user searches, therefore improving the accuracy of results of web searches. This paper details our approach, presents a prototype implementation of the approach called DJINN, and presents two evaluations of the concept. We conclude with a discussion of our results and directions for future work.Key words: social bookmarking, collaborative filtering, tagging

Pressões De Contato E O Impacto De Conjuntos Motomecanizados Em Latossolo Com Presença E Ausência De Palhada De Cana-de-açúcar

High contact pressures applied to soil result in a greater degree of compaction, in addition to promoting other negative effects. The objective of this study was to quantify contact areas by using different methodologies, and pressures of farm equipment employed in production activity and evaluate structural changes caused in a Red Latosol with the presence and absence of straw cover. The design was completely randomized in a factorial scheme of type 4 (tire on front axle, tire on rear axle, tire on a sugarcane wagon and metallic track of sugar cane Harvester) x 2 (presence and absence of straw). The contact area (CA) of the run was obtained by three procedures: analytical measure of the area of an ellipse (CA1); digital measurement of area of an ellipse (CA2); and measurement of real contact area (RCA), with digital resources. The contact pressure was calculated from the ratio of mass of each machine’s axle and the contact area of the run. The contact area obtained according to the procedure of the ellipse (CA1 and CA2) is overrated when compared to actual area obtained digitally (RCA). The straw reduces the contact pressure in the soil, due to the deep tire treads and consequently, increased contact area. Areas where the traffic of the machines occurred with soil covered with the presence of straw showed reduced soil resistance to penetration, cone index and pre-consolidation pressure, confirming that the increased contact area produced by straw reduced the pressure applied and the compression power dissipated in the soil. © 2016, Federal University of Lavras. All rights reserved.40326527

Initial Growth Of Costus Longebracteolatus And Costus Spiralis 'french Kiss' Under Different Light Conditions

The Brazilian native Costus longebracteolatus and Costus spiralis 'French Kiss', in the family Costaceae, have been used as both cut flowers and cut foliage. It is known that Costus species grow better under partial shade, but studies on the influence of shading or light on plant growth, development, and flower production are still incipient. As this kind of information is essential on planning of planting, production, and agribusiness activities, the objective of this research was to evaluate the influence of different colored shade nets and light conditions on the initial growth of both C. longebracteolatus and C. spiralis 'French Kiss'. Plants, obtained from cuttings of pseudostems, were cultivated under six light conditions, which comprised six treatments, along 270 days: red net with 50% shading, blue net with 50% shading, black net with 70% shading, black net with 50% shading, black net with 30% shading, and full sun. The initial growth of C. longebracteolatus (up to 270 days) is more successful under the blue net with 50% shading, which promoted highest values of pseudostem length and dry matter of aerial part. For C. spiralis 'French Kiss' plants, both the red and blue nets with 50% shading implied best results and differed for the other treatments with greater pseudostem length. Plant exposure to full sun inhibited growth and development, and favored early leaf necrosis.22332633

RaisAware: uma ferramenta de auxílio à Engenharia de Software colaborativa baseada em análises de dependências

This paper presents RaisAware, a collaborative software development tool aimed at supporting the relationship between software architecture and coordination of software development activities. RaisAware’s design is based on dependency analysis between software development artifacts created during the implementation phase and software developers’ activities. We describe the theoretical motivations for our tool, detail its design and implementation, and present an evaluation of the tool using open-source project data. Finally, we provide recommendations for future work in this direction.Keywords: collaborative software development, call-graph, co-changes, dependency analysis, software architecture, coordination.Este artigo apresenta a RaisAware, uma ferramenta de auxílio ao desenvolvimento colaborativo de software. RaisAware explora o relacionamento sociotécnico entre a arquitetura do software e a coordenação do trabalho de desenvolvimento de software através da análise de dependências entre os artefatos produzidos na etapa de codificação e entre as atividades dos desenvolvedores. As motivações teóricas para a ferramenta são apresentadas, assim como detalhes do projeto e implementação da RaisAware. Uma avaliação da ferramenta também é apresentada, utilizando-se dados reais de projetos de software livre. O artigo conclui com sugestões de trabalhos futuros.Palavras-chave: desenvolvimento colaborativo de software, call-graph, co-changes, análise de dependências, arquitetura de software, coordenação

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes CH138+ apoptosis evaluation in milk with high and low somatic cell count - preliminary data

A apoptose de leucócitos polimorfonucleares (PMN) é um evento central no processo de resolução da inflamação. Sendo a contagem de células somáticas (CCS) um indicador da situação imunológica da glândula mamária, o presente estudo buscou esclarecer a influência que esses fatores têm um sobre o outro e sobre a evolução do processo inflamatório. Marcaram-se as amostras de leite com anexina-V, iodeto de propídeo (PI), anticorpo anti-CH138A. Encontrou-se correlação negativa entre apoptose de PMN e CCS, além de diferença estatística entre um grupo de alta CCS e um grupo de baixa CCS quanto à taxa de PMN viáveis, em apoptose, em necrose e em necrose e/ou apoptose. De modo geral, o grupo de alta celularidade apresentou menos CH138+ em apoptose e mais células em necrose ou viáveis do que o grupo de baixa celularidade. Conclui-se que apoptose de PMN e CCS estão relacionados, e que em mamas com CCS elevada este evento está diminuído. Apesar de haver maior disponibilidade de fagócitos para a defesa nessa situação, os efeitos anti-inflamatórios da apoptose também estão diminuídos, enquanto os efeitos pró-inflamatórios da necrose estão aumentados, o que pode colaborar com a cronificação da inflamação

Quasiparticle Interactions in Fractional Quantum Hall Systems: Justification of Different Hierarchy Schemes

The pseudopotentials describing the interactions of quasiparticles in fractional quantum Hall (FQH) states are studied. Rules for the identification of incompressible quantum fluid ground states are found, based upon the form of the pseudopotentials. States belonging to the Jain sequence nu=n/(1+2pn), where n and p are integers, appear to be the only incompressible states in the thermodynamic limit, although other FQH hierarchy states occur for finite size systems. This explains the success of the composite Fermion picture.Comment: RevTeX, 10 pages, 7 EPS figures, submitted fo Phys.Rev.