PERFIL PARASITOLÓGICO DO CHEIRO VERDE COMERCIALIZADO EM FEIRAS LIVRES DE IMPERATRIZ-MA

This paper aimed to investigate the existence of parasites in parsley, composed of chives (Allium sp.) and coriander (Coriandrum sativum), sold in street markets in Imperatriz-Ma. For this purpose, we used the HPJ method or Lutz method which consists in spontaneous sedimentation of dispersed particles in liquid and visualization of the pellet under an optical microscope. The results showed contamination of almost all the samples. Though there is presence of Entamoeba coli, Entamoeba histolytica, Iodamoeba bustchilli, Endolimax nana, Acanthamoeba sp., Blastocystis hominis, Balantidium coli, Hymenolepis sp., Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichostrongylus sp., Toxocara, Enterobius vermicularis, Strongyloides sp., hookworms and coccidia as well as parasitic organisms which do not, however, indicate contamination by organic matter. Thus it was concluded that the parsley sold in free markets in Imperatriz are in poor hygienic and sanitary conditions, making it unsuitable for fresh consumption.Keywords: Coriander; chives; parasites; contamination.                           O presente estudo objetivou investigar a existência de parasitas no cheiro verde, composto por cebolinha (Allium sp.) e coentro (Coriandrum sativum), comercializado nas feiras livres da cidade de Imperatriz/MA. Para tal fim, utilizou-se o método HPJ ou método de Lutz, que consiste na sedimentação espontânea de partículas dispersas em líquido e visualização do sedimento em microscópio óptico. Os resultados apontaram a contaminação de quase a totalidade das amostras, constatando-se presença de Entamoeba coli, Entamoeba histolytica, Iodamoeba bustchilli, Endolimax nana, Blastocystis hominis, Balantidium coli, Hymenolepis sp., Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichostrongylus sp., Toxocara sp., Enterobius vermiculares, Strongyloides sp., ancilostomídeos e coccídeos, além de organismos não parasitários que, no entanto, indicam contaminação. Concluiu-se que o cheiro verde comercializado nas feiras livres de Imperatriz encontra-se em precárias condições higiênicas e sanitárias, tornando-se impróprio para o consumo in natura.Palavras-chave: Coentro, cebolinha, parasitas, contaminação

Stewardship program for restricted use of antimicrobials in the elderly: a cohort study in a quaternary hospital in Brazil

Objective: The stewardship strategy refers to a consistent practice to promoting responsible antimicrobial use. Optimizing the use of antibiotics is critical to mitigating adverse effects and combating bacterial resistance. The pillars of a stewardship program include: i) clinical pharmacist and infectologist with expertise; ii) educational measures for prescribers, nurses and pharmacists; iii) prophylaxis and therapeutic protocol; iv) monitoring of indicators. In this scenario of antimicrobial rational use, the older population are more susceptible to infection because immunocenescence and, therefore, greater use of antimicrobials is expected. Thus, the aim of the present study is to evaluate the prescription compliance of antimicrobial whose use is restricted in a hospitalized elderly population. Method: observational, controlled study in a Brazilian hospital, from January 2021 to January 2022. Based on the electrotonic antimicrobial form, the compliance of the prescriptions was evaluated. The definition used for elderly corresponded to individuals over 60 years old, according to the Brazilian Nation Principles for Older Persons, ordinance number 2528, of October 2006. Restricted drugs were considered: carbapenems, polymyxin, ceftazidime-avibactam, linezolid, tigecycline, ceftaroline, echinocandins and amphotericin. Results: A total of 1.688 requests for restricted use were received, of which 53% corresponded use in elderly group. Neutropenic fever was more common in young people and the inpatient unit was the sector with the highest percentage of antimicrobials. Furthermore, teicoplanin was the main drug that required intervention. Conclusion: Faced with the increase in bacterial resistance, the rational use of antimicrobials is extremely important, especially in older age group

Inhibitory effect of microalgae and cyanobacteria extracts on influenza virus replication and neuraminidase activity

Background The influenza virus can cause seasonal infections with mild to severe symptoms, circulating worldwide, and it can affect people in any age group. Therefore, this infection is a serious public health problem that causes severe illness and death in high-risk populations. Every year, 0.5% of the world’s population is infected by this pathogen. This percentage can increase up to ten times during pandemics. Influenza vaccination is the most effective way to prevent disease. In addition, anti-influenza drugs are essential for prophylactic and therapeutic interventions. The oseltamivir (OST, a neuraminidase inhibitor) is the primary antiviral used in clinics during outbreaks. However, OST resistant viruses may emerge naturally or due to antiviral pressure, with a prevalence of 1–2% worldwide. Thus, the search for new anti-influenza drugs is extremely important. Currently, several groups have been developing studies describing the biotechnological potential of microalgae and cyanobacteria, including antiviral activity of their extracts. In Brazil, this potential is poorly known and explored. Methods With the aim of increasing the knowledge on this topic, 38 extracts from microalgae and cyanobacteria isolated from marine and freshwater biomes in Brazil were tested against: cellular toxicity; OST-sensitive and resistant influenza replications; and neuraminidase activity. Results For this purpose, Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK)-infected cells were treated with 200 μg/mL of each extract. A total of 17 extracts (45%) inhibited influenza A replication, with seven of them resulting in more than 80% inhibition. Moreover, functional assays performed with viral neuraminidase revealed two extracts (from Leptolyngbya sp. and Chlorellaceae) with IC50 mean < 210 μg/mL for influenza A and B, and also OST-sensitive and resistant strains. Furthermore, MDCK cells exposed to 1 mg/mL of all the extracts showed viability higher than 80%. Discussion Our results suggest that extracts of microalgae and cyanobacteria have promising anti-influenza properties. Further chemical investigation should be conducted to isolate the active compounds for the development of new anti-influenza drugs. The data generated contribute to the knowledge of the biotechnological potential of Brazilian biomes that are still little explored for this purpose

Cobertura vacinal de hpv no Município de Alagoinhas – BA / Hpv vaccine coverage in the City of Alagoinhas – BA

Introdução: A contaminação pelo papiloma vírus humano (HPV) é uma doença sexualmente transmissível com maior predomínio no mundo e em ambos os sexos. Por ampliar o risco de malignidade, o que aflige são as infecções recorrentes do vírus, visto que grande parte dos prejuízos provocados pelo HPV desaparecem sem maiores repercussões. Tem-se vacina disponível, entretanto fatores culturais alinhado a outros dificultam a adesão a vacina. Justificativa: Diante da magnitude da doença, da taxa de mortalidade e prejuízos socioeconômicos, torna-se necessário atentar-se aos planos de prevenção. Objetivo: Analisar a cobertura vacinal contra o HPV em ambos os sexos na faixa etária de 9 a 14 anos, no período de 2014 a 2020, no município de Alagoinhas - Ba. Metodologia: Foi realizado um estudo transversal de base populacional, no município de Alagoinhas-Ba. Resultados: Observou-se que a cobertura vacinal da 1ª dose foi de 31,56 % e 6,74 % na 2 ª dose, as maiores taxas no período de 2014 a 2020. Conclusão: Notou-se que o município de Alagoinhas - Ba, não alcançou a meta de cobertura vacinal para HPV.