Resistance Training in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats with Severe Hypertension

Background: Resistance training (RT) has been recommended as a non-pharmacological treatment for moderate hypertension. In spite of the important role of exercise intensity on training prescription, there is still no data regarding the effects of RT intensity on severe hypertension (SH). Objective: This study examined the effects of two RT protocols (vertical ladder climbing), performed at different overloads of maximal weight carried (MWC), on blood pressure (BP) and muscle strength of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with SH. Methods: Fifteen male SHR [206 +/- 10 mmHg of systolic BP (SBP)] and five Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY; 119 +/- 10 mmHg of SBP) were divided into 4 groups: sedentary (SED-WKY) and SHR (SED-SHR); RT1-SHR training relative to body weight (similar to 40% of MWC); and RT2-SHR training relative to MWC test (similar to 70% of MWC). Systolic BP and heart rate (HR) were measured weekly using the tail-cuff method. The progression of muscle strength was determined once every fifteen days. The RT consisted of 3 weekly sessions on non-consecutive days for 12-weeks. Results: Both RT protocols prevented the increase in SBP (delta -5 and -7 mmHg, respectively; p > 0.05), whereas SBP of the SED-SHR group increased by 19 mmHg (p 0.05). Conclusions: Our data indicated that both RT protocols were effective in preventing chronic elevation of SBP in SH. Additionally, a higher RT overload induced a greater increase in muscle strength.Fundamentos: O treinamento de força (TF) tem sido recomendado como tratamento não farmacológico para hipertensão arterial moderada. Apesar do papel importante que a intensidade do exercício desempenha sobre a prescrição do treinamento, ainda não há nenhum dado avaliando os efeitos da intensidade do TF sobre a hipertensão arterial grave (HAG). Objetivo: Este estudo analisou os efeitos de dois protocolos do TF(subida em escada vertical), realizados com diferentes sobrecargas do peso máximo carregado (PMC), sobre a pressão arterial (PA) e a força muscular de ratos espontaneamente hipertensos (SHR) com HAG. Métodos: Quinze SHR machos (206 ± 10 mmHg de PA sistólica (PAS)) e cinco ratos Wistar Kyoto (WKY; 119 ± 10 mmHg de PAS) foram divididos em 4grupos:sedentários: (SED-WKY) e SHR (SED-SHR); treinados: TF1-SHR conforme o peso corporal (~40% do PMC); e TF2-SHR conforme o teste de PMC (~70% do PMC). Foram coletadas medidas de PAS e a frequência cardíaca (FC) semanalmente usando o método de pressão arterial caudal. A progressão da força muscular foi determinada a cada 15 dias. O TF consistiu de 3 sessões semanais em dias não consecutivos durante 12 semanas. Resultados: Os dois protocolos de TF preveniram o aumento da PAS(respectivamente, delta - 5 e -7 mmHg; p > 0, 05), enquanto que a PAS do grupo SED-SHR aumentou em 19 mmHg (p 0, 05). Conclusões: Nossos dados indicam que ambos os protocolos de TF foram efetivos na prevenção da elevação crônica da PAS na HAG. Além disso, sobrecargas maiores de TF induziram a um maior aumento de força muscular.CapesCNPqUniv Catolica Brasilia, Programa Posgrad Educ Fis, Brasilia, DF, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Programa Posgrad Med Translac, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Div Nefrol, Lab Imunol Clin & Expt, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Med, Div Nefrol, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Escola Artes Ciencias & Humanidades, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Inst Ciencias Biomed, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Fisiol, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Programa Posgrad Med Translac, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Div Nefrol, Lab Imunol Clin & Expt, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Med, Div Nefrol, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Fisiol, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Dynamic, Not Isometric Resistance Training Improves Muscle Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Hypertrophy in Rats

This study aimed to compare the effects of dynamic (DRT) and isometric (IRT) resistance training on blood glucose, muscle redox capacity, inflammatory state, and muscle strength and hypertrophy. Fifteen 12-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into three groups: control group (CTL), DRT, and IRT, n = 5 animals per group. The animals were submitted to a maximal weight carried (MWC; every 15 days) and maximum isometric resistance (MIR; pre- and post-training) tests. Both training protocols were performed five times a week during 12 weeks, consisting of one set of eight uninterrupted climbs for 1 min with a 30% overload of MWC. The animals in the IRT group remained under isometry for 1 min. The DRT group experienced greater MWC from pre- to post-training compared to the CTL and IRT groups (p < 0.0001). The DRT and IRT groups displayed similar gains in MIR (p = 0.3658). The DRT group exhibited improved glycemic homeostasis (p = 0.0111), redox (p < 0.0001), and inflammatory (p < 0.0001) balance as compared with CTL and IRT groups. In addition, the improved glycemic profile was associated with an increase in muscle strength and hypertrophy, improvement in redox balance and inflammation status. We conclude that DRT was more effective than IRT on increasing cross-sectional area, but not muscle strength, in parallel to improved blood glucose, inflammatory status, and redox balance

Associação entre a variabilidade da frequência cardíaca e o estresse oxidativo: o papel do exercício

ABSTRACT Association between heart rate variability and oxidative stress: the role of physical exerciseThe genesis of cardiovascular disease has been associated with the autonomic dysfunction and redox imbalance. The heart rate variability has been efficient in identifying changes in neurocardiac function that may be caused by oxidative stress. Few isolated interventions are able to modify neurocardiac function and redox balance at same time, one example is physical exercise. Thereby, the aim of the study is to assess the association between redox balance with heart rate variability, and assess the role of physical exercise on redox balance and neurocardiac function. It is possible that HRV and oxidative stress are inversely proportional. Thus, HRV can be a non-invasive prognostic tool of oxidative stress.A gênese de diversas doenças cardiovasculares tem sido associada ao menor controle cardiovascular e ao desequilíbrio redox. A Variabilidade da Frequência Cardíaca (VFC) tem se mostrado eficiente em identificar alterações na função neurocardíaca causadas possivelmente pelo estresse oxidativo (EO). Poucas intervenções isoladas são capazes de promover modificações na função neurocardíaca e no balanço redox ao mesmo tempo, um exemplo é o exercício físico. Desse modo, o presente estudo tem como objetivo verificar no atual estado da arte, as relações existentes entre a função neurocardíaca e o balanço redox, além de verificar na literatura contemporânea, indicativos sobre o papel do exercício físico no balanço redox e função autonômica. É razoável inferir que existe uma razão de proporção inversa entre a VFC e o EO. Desse modo, a VFC pode ser um método não invasivo de prognóstico do EO.

Análise qualitativa dos fatores que levam à prática da corrida de rua

A corrida de rua tem apresentado grande crescimento nas últimas décadas, sua prática regular melhora a saúde, diminui o risco de mortalidade e aumenta o condicionamento físico. Entretanto é importante apontar os fatores que levam os indivíduos a iniciarem à prática da corrida de rua. Desta maneira, os objetivos deste estudo foram identificar os fatores que levam as pessoas à prática da corrida de rua e se há diferença entre homens e mulheres. Foram sujeitos da pesquisa 30 alunos praticantes de corrida de rua com faixa etária entre 25 a 55 anos, categorizados em dois grupos (15 do gênero masculino e 15 do gênero feminino). Para a coleta dos dados foi utilizado um questionário de múltipla escolha contendo oito questões. Com relação aos fatores que levam as pessoas à prática da corrida de rua verificou-se que as respostas com maior frequência foram condicionamento físico e qualidade de vida (45,7% e 34,2%, respectivamente), não sendo observada diferença estatística entre grupos. Conclui-se que o principal fator que levam homens e mulheres à prática de corrida é o condicionamento físico e a qualidade de vida. ABSTRACT Qualitative analysis of the factors that take the practice of street raceRoad running has been increasing in the last decades, its regular practice improve health, reduce mortality risk, and increase physical conditioning. However, it is important to detect the factors that lead people to practice road running. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the factors that lead people to practice road running and differences between men and women. 30 road runners, 25 – 55 yrs, were subjects of our study, categorized in two groups (15 men and 15 women). For data collection, a multiple choice questionnaire with eight questions was applied. In relation to the factors that lead people to practice road running, it was verified that the answers with greater frequency were physical conditioning and quality of life (45.7% and 34.3%, respectively), without statistical difference between groups. We conclude that the main factor that lead men and women to practice running were physical conditioning and quality of life

Sprint and endurance training in relation to redox and inflammatory status and biomarkers of aging in master athletes

Purpose Studies have shown a positive influence of intense athletic training on several biomarkers of aging, but it remains unclear whether this influence is dependent of exercise-training-mode. This study compared redox balance, cytokine levels and biomarkers of aging between master sprinters and endurance athletes, as well as in young and middle-aged individuals as controls. Methods Participants were male master sprinters (SA, 50±8.9yrs; n=13) and endurance runners (EA, 53±8.2yrs; n=18) with remarkable athletic experience (∼25yrs of practice), besides untrained young (YC, 22.7±3.9yrs; n=17) and age-matched controls (MC, 45.5±9.8yrs; n=12). Anamnesis, anthropometrics, biomarkers of aging, inflammation status and oxidative stress parameters were analyzed in all participants. Results An increased pro-oxidant activity (elevated protein carbonyl; isoprostanes and 8-OHdG) was observed for MC in comparison to remaining groups (p<0.05). However, SA presented a better antioxidant capacity than both MC and EA, while nitrite/nitrate (NOx) availability was higher for EA and lower for the MC (p<0.05). Both groups of athletes presented a better anti-inflammatory status than MC (increased IL-10 and lowered IL-6, sIL-6R, sTNF-RI), but worse than YC (increased TNF-α, sTNF-RI, and sIL-6R) (p<0.05). Telomere length was shorter in MC, which also had lower levels of irisin and klotho, and elevated FGF-23 (p<0.05). ADMA levels were higher in MC and SA, while irisin was lower in EA when compared to SA and YC (p<0.05). Conclusion Master athletes presented better redox balance and inflammatory status, with decreased biomarkers of aging compared to control. Regarding exercise mode, a better NO- profile, as a marker of endothelial function, was observed for EA, whereas SA had a better redox balance, cytokines profile and attenuated biomarkers of aging.peerReviewe

Are Resistance Training-Induced BDNF in Hemodialysis Patients Associated with Depressive Symptoms, Quality of Life, Antioxidant Capacity, and Muscle Strength? An Insight for the Muscle–Brain–Renal Axis

Background: Hemodialysis patients are suffering from depressive symptoms. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels are negatively associated with depressive symptoms and decrease during a single hemodialysis session. Resistance training (RT) might be an additional non-pharmacological tool to increase BDNF and promote mental health. Methods: Two randomized groups of hemodialysis patients: control (CTL, n = 76/F36; 66.33 ± 3.88 years) and RT (n = 81/F35; 67.27 ± 3.24 years). RT completed six months of training thrice a week under the supervision of strength and conditioning professional immediately before the dialysis session. Training loads were adjusted using the OMNI rating of perceived exertion. The total antioxidant capacity (TROLOX), glutathione (GSH), thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), and BDNF levels were analyzed in serum samples. Quality of life (assessed through Medical Outcomes—SF36), and Beck Depression Inventory was applied. Results: RT improved handgrip strength (21.17 ± 4.38 vs. 27.17 ± 4.34; p = 0.001) but not for CTL (20.09 ± 5.19 vs. 19.75 ± 5.54; p = 0.001). Post-training, RT group had higher values as compared to CTL related to TROLOX (RT,680.8 ± 225.2 vs. CTL,589.5 ± 195.9; p = 0.001) and GSH (RT, 9.33 ± 2.09 vs. CTL,5.00 ± 2.96; p = 0.001). RT group had lower values of TBARS as compared to CTL at post-training (RT, 11.06 ± 2.95 vs. CTL, 13.66 ± 2.62; p = 0.001). BDNF increased for RT (11.66 ± 5.20 vs. 19.60 ± 7.23; p = 0.001), but decreased for CTL (14.40 ± 4.99 vs. 10.84 ± 5.94; p = 0.001). Quality of life and mental health increased (p = 0.001) for RT, but did not change for CTL (p = 0.001). BDNF levels were associated with emotional dimensions of SF36, depressive symptoms, and handgrip (p = 0.001). Conclusions: RT was effective as a non-pharmacological tool to increased BDNF levels, quality of life, temper the redox balance and decrease depressive symptoms intensity in hemodialysis patients