Evaluation of sampling techniques and influence of environmental variables on ants in forest fragments in an oil extraction area in the Amazon

Around the world, urban landscapes are environments modified by man, generally related to low diversity. The efficiency of a biodiversity inventory is linked to the choice of the sampling technique since the taxonomic and ecological responses of the taxons vary between methods. Here we investigate differences in the ant’s composition sampled using three different techniques in two fragments of the urban forest in the Brazilian Amazon. We also assessed whether the different techniques maintained the same ecological responses. We sampled 12 collection points at each fragment, at vegetation, and manual collection and Winkler extractor on the ground. At the same points, soil samples were collected to determine their granulometry, pH, and concentrations of organic matter, sodium, phosphorus, and potassium. We collected 115 taxa and 4720 ants. The Cururu was the richest site with more species in general, as well as in the techniques of manual collection and Winkler. We detected a complementary effect on sampling techniques, which collected different ants’ assemblages. The potassium concentration positively influenced the assemblage’s composition, but its effect varies according to the sampling techniques used. The studied fragments revealed diversity very similar to those registered in continuous Amazonian forests. The use of sampling techniques together improves the representation of the diversity of ants in the studied fragments. Edaphic environmental variables seem to have a predominant effect on ants, affecting their distribution in the landscape even in urban fragments. This highlights the importance of urban forest fragments and their inherent ecological processes

Cultura enquanto objeto discursivo – práticas culturais e discursivas em aulas de espanhol para brasileiros

IX Congresso Brasileiro de Hispanistas realizado nos dias 22 a 25 agosto 2016Tendo como ponto de partida a realização de um movimento de devolver historicidade ao termo cultura – estabelecendo a sua relação com a história –, realizo uma discussão, a partir de uma série de trabalhos teóricos sobre cultura produzidos no campo dos Estudos Culturais, da Sociologia e da Antropologia Cultural (BAUMAN, 2012; BHABHA, 2007; EAGLETON, 2011; HALL, 2001, MIGNOLO, 2003) mobilizandoos para o campo dos Estudos da Linguagem e, mais especificamente, o da reflexão sobre as práticas de ensino de línguas estrangeiras, em especial as de língua espanhola (E/LE), tomando esse termo como objeto de observação comumente naturalizado nessas práticas, (a modo de noção), para alçálo como objeto discursivo, a partir da perspectiva materialista da Análise do Discurso, linha de trabalho adotada por Pêcheux (1993; 2009) e Orlandi (1988, 1996, 2008). Para realizar esse trabalho é importante considerar como ocorre o tratamento de questões culturais, de maneira regular, nas práticas de ensino e de aprendizagem de línguas estrangeiras, especialmente as de E/LE (cf. SERRANI, 2005 e SOUZA JUNIOR, 2010). Esse gesto teórico, decorrente de uma pesquisa de doutorado recentemente finalizada, servirá de base para a apresentação de possíveis discussões de temas culturais, a partir de um corpus tomado da esfera literária (especificamente trechos das obras Los ríos profundos, de Arguedas e La tumba del relámpago, de Scorza), visando práticas de ensino/aprendizagem de língua espanhola para brasileiros. Dessa perspectiva, cabe discutir se a revisão da noção de cultura poderia instaurar novas séries de sentido que permitam interromper certas rotinas dominantes no funcionamento da memória discursiva que vinculam “a cultura”, enquanto noção, a certos saberes estabilizados e naturalizadosUNILA­-UNIOEST

Inclusion and accessibility: contribution to Sustainable Schools National Pro gram

[Resumo] O presente artigo busca fazer uma breve reflexão sobre o Programa Nacional Escolas Sustentáveis (PNES), proposto pelo governo brasileiro através do Ministério da Educação (MEC) e buscar elementos de conexão entre os conceitos de sustentabilidade, acessibilidade e direitos humanos, com enfoque na garantia de direitos das pessoas com deficiência. Para isso, serão abordadas questões históricas e também destacados alguns eventos que buscam esta aproximação, remetendo a desafios aos processos educativos na construção de uma educação ambiental que dialogue com a diversidade. É possível assim, oferecer algumas pistas para pensar sociedades sustentá veis em uma perspectiva inclusiva e na direção da universalização de direitos a todas as pessoas[Abstract] This article offers a brief reflection about National Program for Sustainable Schools (NHSP), proposed by the Australian Government through the Ministry of Education (MEC) and seek connecting factors between the concepts of sustainability, accessibility and human rights, with a focus on ensuring rights of people with disabilities. Therefore, historical issues will be addressed and also some events will be highlighted in search of this approach, referring to challenges to educational processes in the construction of environmental education that dialogues with a diversidade. This may, offer some clues to think sustainable societies in an inclusive perspective and towards the universal rights of all people

Impact of Sanitary and Technical Measures on Brazilian Exports of Poultry Meat

The major objective of this work is to evaluate the effects of technical and sanitary measures introduced by the main world importers upon Brazilian poultry meat in the international market. The impact of the measures is estimated using a gravity model constructed with disaggregated data about bilateral poultry meat between Brazil and its major trade partners for the period from 1996 to 2009. The gravity model is estimated with a fixed effects model and the results indicate that the impact of TBT and SPS measures upon Brazilian poultry meat exports is ambiguous. The results indicated that the existence of technical and sanitary regulations related to labelling might be stimulating trade of this product, while the presence regulations related to compliance appears to reduce the volume of Brazilian exports of poultry meat. In addition, the existence of prohibitive (and/or subject to quarantine) technical and sanitary measures may present a positive impact upon the traded volume of Brazilian exports of poultry meat. This result is relevant since it indicates the importance in considering different characteristics and content of regulations to analyse the impacts of TBT and SPS measures upon trade.Technical and Sanitary measure, Poultry meat, Gravity equation, International Relations/Trade,