Fenologia e modos de polinização e dispersão de Fabaceae em floresta ciliar, Chapada Diamantina, Nordeste do Brasil

Phenological patterns have been described based on frequency, period and duration of the events and analyzed as a function of biotic and abiotic factors with the vegetative and reproductive cycles of plant species commonly related to the precipitation and day length. In this work, we describe the phenological strategies of 11 Fabaceae species present in gallery forests along the Lençóis River, Chapada Diamantina, Bahia State, Brazil, and investigate the environmental factors influence and pollination and dispersal modes on the phenological patterns. Observations of vegetative (leaf flushing and leaf fall) and reproductive (bud, flower, immature fruit and mature fruit) phenology were made among a group of 75 individuals based on Fournier index (24 months). Interspecific synchrony was determined based on the presence or absence of each phenophase in the individuals. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to investigate the influence of environmental variables on the phenophases, and Pearson correlation analysis between vegetative and reproductive events. Pollination and dispersal syndromes were defined based on field observations and literature. The species demonstrated non-seasonal vegetative and reproductive events, different of the expected for the family. However, the flowers and mature fruits (i.e., resources for pollinators and dispersal agents) were seasonal. The correlation with precipitation was positive to the leaf flush and negative to leaf fall and diaspore propagation. The leaf flushing, flowering and fruit maturation are correlated to day length. Our study reveals the occurrence of different groups of Fabaceae with distinct flowering and fruiting peaks related to pollination and dispersal syndromes, which minimize the niche overlapping among them.Padrões fenológicos vêm sendo descritos com base na frequência, época e duração dos eventos, e analisados em função de fatores bióticos e abióticos, com os ciclos vegetativos e reprodutivos de espécies vegetais comumente relacionados à precipitação e ao comprimento do dia. Neste trabalho, descrevemos as estratégias fenológicas de 11 espécies de Fabaceae ocorrentes na mata ciliar do rio Lençóis, Chapada Diamantina, estado da Bahia, Brasil, e investigamos a influência dos fatores ambientais sobre os padrões fenológicos e a relação destes últimos com os modos de polinização e dispersão. A fenologia vegetativa (brotamento e queda foliar) e reprodutiva (botão, flor, fruto imaturo e fruto maduro) em 75 indivíduos foi estimada utilizando o índice de intensidade de Fournier (24 meses). A sincronia interespecífica foi calculada com base na presença ou ausência da fenofase nos indivíduos. Análises de regressão múltipla foram conduzidas para investigar a influência das variáveis ambientais sobre as fenofases, e a correlação de Pearson para verificar relações entre os eventos vegetativos e reprodutivos. As síndromes de polinização e dispersão foram definidas com base em observações de campo e na literatura. As espécies apresentaram eventos vegetativos e reprodutivos assazonais, diferindo do esperado para a família. Entretanto, as fases de flor e fruto maduro (i.e., os recursos para polinizadores e dispersores) foram sazonais. A relação com a precipitação foi positiva para o brotamento, mas negativa para a queda foliar e a dispersão dos diásporos. O brotamento, a floração e a maturação dos frutos mostraram relação positiva com o comprimento do dia. Este estudo revela a ocorrência de grupos de Fabaceae em mata ciliar com picos distintos de floração e frutificação relacionados às síndromes de polinização e dispersão, o que minimiza a sobreposição de nichos entre elas

Piriqueta crenata, a new species of Turneraceae (Passifloraceae s.l.) from the Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil

In this study, we describe and illustrate Piriqueta crenata, a new species from the Chapada Diamantina region, Bahia,Brazil. It is similar to and was initially identified as P. flammea from which it can be distinguished by the cuneate leafblade bases (vs. rounded), slightly discoloured leaves (vs. strongly discoloured), inflorescences of fewer flowers (1-3 vs. 3-6), olive-green calyx when dry (vs. blackened), and yellow corolla (vs. orange red). Piriqueta crenata is only knownfrom a single small savanna nested in the semiarid Chapada Diamantina region, close to areas under anthropogenicinfluence. Therefore, we evaluate the species as Critically Endangered.Fil: Rocha, Lamarck. Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana; BrasilFil: Arbo, Maria Mercedes. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (i); ArgentinaFil: Souza, Isys Mascarenhas. Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana; BrasilFil: Rapini, Alessandro. Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana; Brasi

Flora da Bahia: Leguminosae – Hymenaea (Caesalpinioideae: Detarieae)

The taxonomic treatment of Hymenaea (Leguminosae) from the state of Bahia, Brazil, is presented here. We recognize 11 species; H. altissima, H. maranhensis, and H. rubriflora var. rubriflora are reported for the first time in the state. An identification key, descriptions, comments, distribution maps of species in the state and illustrations of diagnostic characters are presented.É apresentado aqui o tratamento taxonômico de Hymenaea (Leguminosae) do estado da Bahia, Brasil. São reconhecidas 11 espécies; H. altissima, H. maranhensis e H. rubriflora var. rubriflora são registradas pela primeira vez no estado. O trabalho inclui chave de identificação, descrições, comentários, mapas de distribuição das espécies no estado e ilustrações de caracteres diagnósticos

(2432) Proposal To Conserve The Name Hymenaea Stigonocarpa (leguminosae) With A Conserved Type

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Piriqueta crenata, a new species of Turneraceae (Passifloraceae s.l.) from the

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Pollination of Peltogyne chrysopis: an endemic tree of the Atlantic Forest

ABSTRACT Peltogyne chrysopis is an arboreal legume endemic to the Atlantic Forest and known only from the state of Bahia, Brazil. Focal observations were made of anthesis, pollen availability, stigma receptivity, nectar production, and the presence of osmophores and UV-reflective pigments for the species. Floral visitors were also observed and classified based on the timing and frequency of their visits and their foraging behavior. The breeding system was inferred from the pollen-ovule ratio and pollen tube growth after pollination treatments. Peltogyne chrysopis was found to be melittophilous, with anthesis occurring from 02h00min to 05h00min, and protogynous and xenogamous, with flower scent emission and pollen release before sunrise. Xenochlora nigrofemorata was the main pollinator, as it effectively collected and transferred pollen grains. Nectar production appears to be a secondary resource to ensure the attraction of a diversity of floral visitors and potential pollinators in the absence of effective pollinators. The results of the present study contribute to understanding the pollination mechanisms of Peltogyne, a genus that has been neglected with regard to its reproductive mechanism, and documents, for the first time, the role of the bee genus Xenochlora in plant pollination

Phenodynamics of five orchids species growing on rock outcrops in the Chapada Diamantina Mountains in northeastern Brazil

ABSTRACT We evaluated the vegetative and reproductive phenological patterns of the orchids Cattleya elongata, Cyrtopodium aliciae, Epidendrum orchidiflorum, Epistephium lucidum, and Sobralia liliastrum (Orchidaceae) growing on sandstone outcrops in the Chapada Diamantina Mountains in northeastern Brazil. Phenological events were associated with abiotic factors, leaf longevity, life form, plant growth pattern, and pollination syndrome. Phenological observations were made for 18 months and followed the phenophases of: stem/pseudobulb emission, leaf flush, leaf fall, flowering, immature fruit and mature fruit. Seasonality, synchrony, and correlations between phenophases and environmental variables were tested. The orchid species demonstrated aseasonal vegetative phenologies, except for pseudobulb emission. Reproductive events were seasonal, except for flowering in E. orchidiflorum. There was high flowering overlap between the species pairs S. liliastrum and C. aliciae (dry season) and C. elongata and E. lucidum (rainy season). Dispersal occurred during both the rainy and dry seasons. The vegetative phenophases exhibited low synchrony, and were related to certain morphofunctional characters (stems/pseudobulbs, CAM metabolism). The reproductive phenophases showed high synchrony consistent with the deceit pollination strategy usually associated with the group