Economic indicators of nitrogen fertilization in sunflower cultivars

Sunflower is one of the most important oilseeds in the world. However, cultivation in semi-arid regions requires analysis of production costs and profitability, ensuring effective decision-making, focused on farming procedures and techniques. In two agricultural crops, 2016 and 2017, experiments were conducted to evaluate the economic indicators of sunflower cultivars (‘Aguará 06’, ‘Altis 99’, ‘Multissol’ and ‘BRS 122’) submitted to nitrogen (N) doses (0; 30; 60; 90 and 120 kg ha-1) via fertirrigation under semi-arid conditions. The net margin corresponded to the increase of N doses, reaching a maximum net margin in the 2016 harvest of R$366.89 ha-1 at the dose of 81 kg ha-1 of N for ‘BRS 122’; R$ 577.41 ha-1 with 118 kg ha-1 of N for ‘Multissol’; and for ‘Aguará 06’ (R$2,124.00 ha-1) and ‘Altis 99’ (R$ 976.66 ha-1) at the dose of 120 kg ha-1 of N. In the 2017 harvest, ‘BRS 122’ obtained R$190.90 ha-1 in the dose of 83 kg ha-1 of N and ‘Multissol’ reached R$ 657.50 in the dose of 85 kg ha-1 of N; the cultivars ‘Aguará 06’ (R$1,078.00 ha-1) and ‘Altis 99’ (R$ 957.14 ha-1) in the dose of 120 kg ha-1 of N. The rate of return and the profitability index were positive for all cultivars in both crops

Selection of tomato progenies F2:3 for resistance to bacterial wilt via mixed modeling

Bacterial wilt is among the major diseases of tomatoes and is currently considered the most important in Brazil. The development of resistant cultivars is the strategy that presents greater efficiency and viability, being the mixed modeling approach allows the selection of genetic materials with major accuracy. This work defines strategies for the development and selection of segregating strains F2:3 from the estimation of genetic parameters and individual mean components using mixed models. A greenhouse experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replicates, in which the resistance of 43 progenies F2:3 segregants obtained from the F2 generation from the cross between the parents was evaluated, having as parents Yoshimatsu (Resistant) and IPA-7 (Susceptible). Components of variance and genetic parameters were estimated, followed by ranking by additive genetic values. The selection of F2:3 progenies resistant to bacterial wilt was more effective when the household information was used. Mixed model procedures for the selective accuracy of 77.98%, verified efficiency in the selection of F2:3 progenies resistant to bacterial wilt evaluated at 20 days after inoculation. A total of 240 resistant and moderately resistant individual progenies were selected with severity scores between 1 and 2.49. Families presented the new averages between 1.0 and 2.87, making 23 families F2:3 that will continue the tomato breeding program

Desempenho de cultivares de pimentão colorido sob diferentes concentrações de solução nutritiva

Knowledge on the nutritional requirement of the crop under cultivation systems adapted to local realities,in addition to the adequate availability of nutrients in nutrient solution, is of fundamental importance bothfor plant growth and for the production of quality fruits. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the production performance of colored bell pepper cultivars in an open hydroponic system under different concentrations of nutrient solution. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse at IFAL, Piranhas Campus, in a completely randomized experimental design with four replicates and in split plots, with plots containing three concentrations of nutrient solution (75%, 100% and 125%) and subplots containing three bell pepper cultivars (All Big, Sucesso and Beti-R). Concentration of nutrients at 75% of the standard nutrient solution differed from the other concentrations for plant height, stem diameter, leaf area and fresh and dry mass of the plant. The total number of fruits and number of marketable fruits were higher in the Beti-R and Sucesso hybrids when subjected to concentrations of 75% and 100%, respectively. The total yields of the Beti-R and Sucesso hybrids were higher atthe concentration of 75%, with maximum values of 24.19 t ha-1 and 17.11 t ha-1, respectively. The concentration of 100% of the standard solution promoted higher results for the All Big cultivar.O conhecimento da exigência nutricional da cultura sobre sistemas de cultivo adaptados a realidades locais, além da adequada disponibilidade de nutrientes em solução nutritiva é de fundamental importância tanto para o crescimento da planta quanto para a produção de frutos de qualidade. Assim, o objetivo foi avaliar o desempenho produtivo de cultivares de pimentão colorido em sistema semi-hidropônico sob diferentes concentrações nutritivas. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, em parcelas subdivididas, com tratamentos arranjados em esquema fatorial 3 x 3, consistindo em três cultivares de pimentão e três concentrações de solução nutritiva, 75%, 100% e 125%, com quatro repetições, totalizando 36 unidades experimentais. A cultivar utilizada foi a All Big e os híbridos Sucesso e Beti-R. A concentração de nutrientes em 75% da solução nutritiva utilizada influenciou diretamente na produtividade total dos híbridos Beti-R e Sucesso, apresentando 24,25 t ha-1 e 17 t ha-1, respectivamente. A concentração padrão em 100% proporcionou maiores resultados para a cultivar All Big. Quantidades superiores de nutrientes afetam o desenvolvimento e a produtividade da cultura do pimentão, sendo fundamental a utilização da correta concentração de nutrientes para obter melhores e maiores resultados de acordo com cada cultivar

Green manuring with Calotropis procera for the production of coriander in two growing seasons

ABSTRACT The use of spontaneous species of the Caatinga biome can contribute significantly to the nutritional demand of vegetable crops, thereby providing an agroecological and sustainable form of production. The objective of this research was to determine the effects of different biomasses of Calotropis procera (rooster tree) and times of incorporation into the soil of green manure during two growing seasons on the agronomic performance of coriander cv. Verdão produced in Serra Talhada, a semi-arid region of Pernambuco, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks with three replications. The treatments were arranged in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme, with the first factor consisting of biomass amounts of C. procera (5.4, 8.8, 12.2 and 15.6 t ha-1 on a dry basis) and the second by the incorporation times into the soil (0, 10, 20 and 30 days before coriander planting). The evaluated characteristics were plant height, number of stems per plant, yield of green mass and dry mass of shoot. The best productive performance of coriander was observed in amounts of 12.2 (spring) and 8.8 (autumn-winter) t ha-1 C. procera added to the soil, with an ideal incorporation time of 13 (spring) and 23 (autumn-winter) days before sowing of the crop and with larger accumulations of green and dry mass of the shoot being obtained in autumn-winter

Adubação nitrogenada no desempenho agroeconômico do gergelim no semiárido brasileiro

The objective of this work was to evaluate the agro-economic performance of sesame (Sesamum indicum) under nitrogen fertigation in the semiarid region of Northeastern Brazil. The experimental design was randomized complete blocks with four replicates, and the treatments were arranged in a split-plot, where the plots were assigned five N rates (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 kg ha-1) and the sub-plots were represented by four sesame genotypes ('CNPA G2', 'CNPA G3', 'CNPA G4', and 'BRS Seda'). The following variables were evaluated in two agricultural harvests in 2016: gross and net incomes, rate of return, and profit margin. In both harvests, there was a variation in production costs between N rates. In the second harvest, the highest values of net income were achieved with 120 kg ha-1 N fertigation, being: R$7,428.36 ha-1 for 'CNPA G2', R$8,630.74 ha-1 for 'CNPA G3', R$9,828.64 ha-1 for 'CNPA G4', and R$8,354.06 ha-1 for 'BRS Seda'. Increasing N rates provide an increase in the gross income, net income, rate of return, and profit margin for sesame producers. Fertigation with 120 kg ha-1 N provides the maximum agro-economic performance for sesame, whereas the 'CNPA G4' genotype shows the greatest agro-economic efficiency.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho agroeconômico do gergelim (Sesamum indicum) sob fertirrigação com nitrogênio na região semiárida do Nordeste brasileiro. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, e os tratamentos foram dispostos em arranjo de parcelas subdivididas, em que as parcelas receberam cinco doses de N (0, 30, 60, 90 e 120 kg ha-1) e as subparcelas foram representadas por quatro genótipos de gergelim ('CNPA G2', 'CNPA G3', 'CNPA G4' e 'BRS Seda'). As seguintes variáveis foram avaliadas em duas safras agrícolas, em 2016: rendas bruta e líquida, taxa de retorno e margem de lucro. Nas duas safras, houve variação nos custos de produção entre as doses de N. Na segunda safra, os maiores valores de renda líquida foram obtidos com 120 kg ha-1 de fertirrigação com N, a saber: R$7.428,36 ha-1 para 'CNPA G2', R$ 8.630,74 ha-1 para 'CNPA G3', R$9.828,64 ha-1 para 'CNPA G4' e R$ 8.354,06 ha-1 para 'BRS Seda'. Doses crescentes de N proporcionam aumento na renda bruta, na renda líquida, na taxa de retorno e no índice de lucratividade para produtores de gergelim. A fertirrigação com 120 kg ha-1 de N proporciona o máximo desempenho agroeconômico para o gergelim, enquanto o genótipo 'CNPA G4' apresenta a maior eficiência agroeconômica

Green manuring with Calotropis procera for the production of coriander in two growing seasons

<div><p>ABSTRACT The use of spontaneous species of the Caatinga biome can contribute significantly to the nutritional demand of vegetable crops, thereby providing an agroecological and sustainable form of production. The objective of this research was to determine the effects of different biomasses of Calotropis procera (rooster tree) and times of incorporation into the soil of green manure during two growing seasons on the agronomic performance of coriander cv. Verdão produced in Serra Talhada, a semi-arid region of Pernambuco, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks with three replications. The treatments were arranged in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme, with the first factor consisting of biomass amounts of C. procera (5.4, 8.8, 12.2 and 15.6 t ha-1 on a dry basis) and the second by the incorporation times into the soil (0, 10, 20 and 30 days before coriander planting). The evaluated characteristics were plant height, number of stems per plant, yield of green mass and dry mass of shoot. The best productive performance of coriander was observed in amounts of 12.2 (spring) and 8.8 (autumn-winter) t ha-1 C. procera added to the soil, with an ideal incorporation time of 13 (spring) and 23 (autumn-winter) days before sowing of the crop and with larger accumulations of green and dry mass of the shoot being obtained in autumn-winter.</p></div

Nutritional efficiency in sunflower cultivars under dosages of potassium in semiarid region

Potassium (K) participates in critical processes in sunflower cultivation, such as osmotic regulation and translocation of photosynthesis. However, the absorption or accumulation of this nutrient occurs differently owing to edaphoclimatic factors or between cultivars. The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional efficiency of sunflower cultivars as a function of different dosage K dosages in a semiarid region. To this end, two experiments were conducted in 2016 and 2017. The treatments consisted of five dosages of K at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 kg ha-1 K2O and four sunflower cultivars, Aguará 6, Altis 99, Multissol, and BRS 122. The experimental design was a randomized block with four replications and subdivided plots. The characteristics evaluated were agronomic efficiency, physiological efficiency, recovery efficiency, utilization efficiency, and accumulation of total K in the plant. Sunflower cultivars responded to K dosages in the two crops, with variations in efficiency parameters. Crop 2 showed better nutritional efficiency compared to crop 1. Aguará 6 showed greater nutritional efficiency than the other two crops. The use of dosages between 75 and 91 kg ha-1 of K2O provided better efficiency in K usage for the cultivars