Qualidade da interação familiar entre participantes do programa Famílias Fortes : um estudo observacional

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Psicologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Psicologia Clínica e Cultura, 2017.Os estudos sobre programas interventivos focados na família comumente empregam medidas de autorrelato para verificar resultados. Muito frequentemente, esses estudos buscam o impacto do programa sobre padrões do uso de substância e padrões comportamentais dos membros da família, gerando uma lacuna acerca dos mecanismos de ação envolvidos. O objetivo deste estudo é revisar algumas das teorias compõem o modelo de ação do PFF – Programa Famílias Fortes – e articulá-las com os objetivos do Programa, sessão a sessão. Encontrou-se que a teoria do apego, a teoria dos sistemas familiares e a teoria de promoção de práticas parentais são as teorias mais frequentemente usadas no âmbito da prevenção em família e que os objetivos das sessões estão amparados por esses três campos teóricos. Como conclusão, identifica-se que os objetivos das sessões do Programa são amparados pelos campos teóricos citados e amplia-se o escopo deste estudo como fonte de informações para os variados atores envolvidos com o Programa.Family-based intervention studies usually evaluate their results through self-report measurements. Very often, these results only focus on patters of substance intake and family members behavioral changes. This kind of report creates a gap in regard of the theoretical mechanisms that rests under the Program’s surface. This study’s main objective is to review the most frequently used theoretical frames in the field, and articulate them with the session’s objectives. It was found that attachment theory, family system theory and parent training theory are the most frequently used theories in the field. In conclusion, the PFF’s objectives are crafted under these theories, and these founds can aggregate valuable information for all the PFF’s stakeholders

Application of Direct and Systematic Observation of Interaction with Teenage Mother-Son Dyads

Abstract The observation of parent/child interaction is an effective method for identifying, evaluating, and monitoring adolescents and families who need or are undergoing intervention. This study aims to (1) describe a method of direct and systematic observation of dyadic interaction and (2) discuss its application in research with families with adolescents in northeastern Brazil. The data collection and analysis procedures are presented, indicating their possibilities and limits based on the lessons learned from this experience. The experience of applying the method is discussed through potential advances and challenges for the field of observational research in Psychology. It is concluded that the method of direct and systematic observation of dyadic interaction is, on the one hand, expensive in terms of expertise, time, and resources, and, on the other hand, it is a rich source of data for understanding interaction patterns in multiple contexts

DERMATOLOGICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine conditions in women of reproductive age, characterized by hormonal imbalances, ovulatory dysfunction, and multiple ovarian cysts. In addition to gynecological symptoms, PCOS can also present significant dermatological manifestations, which affect not only the appearance, but also the quality of life of patients. These manifestations include hirsutism, acne, alopecia and skin pigmentation, among others. Understanding the relationship between PCOS and its dermatological manifestations is crucial for early diagnosis and adequate management of the condition. Objective: To analyze and synthesize recent scientific literature on dermatological manifestations associated with polycystic ovary syndrome, highlighting its prevalence, clinical characteristics and therapeutic approaches. Methodology: The systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Searches were carried out in the PubMed, Scielo and Web of Science databases, limited to articles published in the last 10 years, using the descriptors "polycystic ovary syndrome", "dermatological manifestations", "hirsutism", "acne", "alopecia" . The inclusion criteria were original human studies, in English or Portuguese, that investigated dermatological manifestations in patients with PCOS. Exclusion criteria were animal studies, case reports and narrative reviews. Results: The analysis of the selected studies revealed a high prevalence of dermatological manifestations in patients with PCOS, with hirsutism and acne being the most common. Factors such as insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism play an important role in the development of these manifestations. Several therapeutic approaches, including hormonal agents and insulin modulators, have been investigated for the management of these symptoms. Conclusion: This review highlights the importance of identifying and adequately treating dermatological manifestations in PCOS, aiming not only to improve aesthetics, but also the quality of life and overall health of patients. Early recognition of these symptoms can lead to effective interventions and better long-term clinical outcomes.Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine conditions in women of reproductive age, characterized by hormonal imbalances, ovulatory dysfunction, and multiple ovarian cysts. In addition to gynecological symptoms, PCOS can also present significant dermatological manifestations, which affect not only the appearance, but also the quality of life of patients. These manifestations include hirsutism, acne, alopecia and skin pigmentation, among others. Understanding the relationship between PCOS and its dermatological manifestations is crucial for early diagnosis and adequate management of the condition. Objective: To analyze and synthesize recent scientific literature on dermatological manifestations associated with polycystic ovary syndrome, highlighting its prevalence, clinical characteristics and therapeutic approaches. Methodology: The systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Searches were carried out in the PubMed, Scielo and Web of Science databases, limited to articles published in the last 10 years, using the descriptors "polycystic ovary syndrome", "dermatological manifestations", "hirsutism", "acne", "alopecia" . The inclusion criteria were original human studies, in English or Portuguese, that investigated dermatological manifestations in patients with PCOS. Exclusion criteria were animal studies, case reports and narrative reviews. Results: The analysis of the selected studies revealed a high prevalence of dermatological manifestations in patients with PCOS, with hirsutism and acne being the most common. Factors such as insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism play an important role in the development of these manifestations. Several therapeutic approaches, including hormonal agents and insulin modulators, have been investigated for the management of these symptoms. Conclusion: This review highlights the importance of identifying and adequately treating dermatological manifestations in PCOS, aiming not only to improve aesthetics, but also the quality of life and overall health of patients. Early recognition of these symptoms can lead to effective interventions and better long-term clinical outcomes

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

Aim: Amazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types. Location: Amazonia. Taxon: Angiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots). Methods: Data for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran\u27s eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny. Results: In the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R$^{2}$ = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R$^{2}$ = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types. Main Conclusion: Numerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

AimAmazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types.LocationAmazonia.TaxonAngiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots).MethodsData for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran's eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny.ResultsIn the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R2 = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R2 = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types.Main ConclusionNumerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions

The biogeography of the Amazonian tree flora

We describe the geographical variation in tree species composition across Amazonian forests and show how environmental conditions are associated with species turnover. Our analyses are based on 2023 forest inventory plots (1 ha) that provide abundance data for a total of 5188 tree species. Withinplot species composition reflected both local environmental conditions (especially soil nutrients and hydrology) and geographical regions. A broader-scale view of species turnover was obtained by interpolating the relative tree species abundances over Amazonia into 47,441 0.1-degree grid cells. Two main dimensions of spatial change in tree species composition were identified. The first was a gradient between western Amazonia at the Andean forelands (with young geology and relatively nutrient-rich soils) and central–eastern Amazonia associated with the Guiana and Brazilian Shields (with more ancient geology and poor soils). The second gradient was between the wet forests of the northwest and the drier forests in southern Amazonia. Isolines linking cells of similar composition crossed major Amazonian rivers, suggesting that tree species distributions are not limited by rivers. Even though some areas of relatively sharp species turnover were identified, mostly the tree species composition changed gradually over large extents, which does not support delimiting clear discrete biogeographic regions within Amazonia