The first eigenvalue of the Laplacian and the Conductance of a Compact surface

We present some results with the central theme of is the phenomenon of the first eigenvalue of the Laplacian and conductance of the dynamical system. Our main tool is a method for studying how the hyperbolic metric on a Riemann surface behaves under deformation of the surface. With this model, we show variation of the first eigenvalue of the laplacian and the conductance of the dynamical system, with the Fenchel–Nielsen coordinates, that characterize the surface

Rigidity and flexibility of surface groups

The aim of this work is the °exibility of the hyperbolic surfaces. The results are about °exibility and geometrical boundedness. Bers are stated the universal property for all hyperbolic surface of ¯nite area where introduced the constant of boundedness. We determine this constant, using symbolic dynamics

Geodesic length spectrum on compact Riemann surfaces

In this paper we use techniques linking combinatorial structures (symbolic dynamics) and algebraic-geometric structures to study the variation of the geodesic length spectrum, with the Fenchel-Nielsen coordinates, which parametrize the surface of genus τ = 2. We explicitly compute length spectra, for all closed orientable hyperbolic genus two surfaces, identifying the exponential growth rate and the first terms of growth series

Modelling a layer for real-time management of interactions in web based distance learning

In the last few years, the University of Aveiro, Portugal, has been offering several distance learning courses over the Web, using e-learning platforms. Experience showed that different editions of a same course, using the same contents and structure, and having similar target learners, had different success rates. What would be the reason for that? A hypothesis was considered: The level of success could be directly related with the remote follow-up of the learners’ participation in the courses; the best results usually occur when the follow-up is closer. The existing e-learning platforms offer and the standardization works being developed by organizations and consortiums like IMS (IMS Global Learning Consortium, Inc), ADL SCORM (Advanced Distributed Learning Sherable Content Object Reference Model), IEEE LTSC LOM (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers Learning Technologies Standard Committee Learning Object Metadata), ARIADNE (ARIADNE Foundation for the European Knowledge Pool), AICC CMI (Aviation Industry CBT Committee Computer Managed Instruction), etc, don’t cover the course monitorization concerns mentioned. Those projects were focused on aspects like contents and its delivery in the context of the execution of the courses’ activities. This is even true in the SCORM project that doesn’t include any reference to the management of the e-learning processes. Recently, in the context of the IMS Global Consortium, a new project designated IMS LD (Learning Design) is under development, providing a framework for the description of learning units under a three level model. In the most recently defined level, the C level, some functionalities related to notifications were proposed, expressing similar concerns to the ones that triggered our research. However, the extent at which IMS LD takes the functionalities is, from our point of view, not complete. This article describes a proposal of a reference model and functionalities towards a specification of a layer for real-time management of user interactions on LMSs, and its possible integration with the ADL SCORM standard proposal. The paper includes a discussion of the management metadata model for the LMS sub-system and how the integration of the management module under SCORM may be achieved

K-theory for Cuntz-Krieger algebras arising from real quadratic maps

We compute the $K$-groups for the Cuntz-Krieger algebras $\mathcal{O}_{A_{\mathcal{K}(f_{\mu})}}$, where $A_{\mathcal{K}(f_{\mu})}$ is the Markov transition matrix arising from the \textit{kneading sequence }$\mathcal{K} (f_{\mu})$ of the one-parameter family of real quadratic maps $f_{\mu}$.Comment: 8 page

Reading literature today: a study of E. M. Forster s and George Orwell s fiction

Tese de doutoramento em Estudos de Cultura (Cultura Inglesa), apresentada à Universidade de Lisboa através da Faculdade de Letras, 200