Effect of temperature on disease severity of charcoal rot of melons caused byMacrophomina phaseolina: implications for selection of resistance sources

[EN] Macrophomina phaseolinais the causal agent of charcoal rot disease of melons causing significant losses worldwide. Use of resistant cultivars is a desirable method for controlling this disease, but there is no information about the influence of temperature on the resistant behavior found in melon accessions. The purpose of the present study was to assess the effect of temperature on the reaction of six melon accessions selected previously for their resistant response toM. phaseolina. Accessions were inoculated withM. phaseolinaisolate CMM-1531 and grown under accurately controlled environmental conditions at different temperature regimes (25, 28, 31, and 34 degrees C) in a replicated experiment. The increase in temperature increased the severity of symptoms in most genotypes, but this effect was less pronounced in the highly susceptible control, the cultivar 'Piel de sapo', and in the most resistant accession, the wild AfricanagrestisAg-15591Ghana, that remained resistant even at 34 degrees C. The use of several screening temperatures allowed a better characterization of accessions that behaved similarly as highly resistant at 25 degrees C (Con-Pat81Ko, Dud-QMPAfg, Can-NYIsr and Ag-C38Nig), but in which resistance breaking was observed with temperature rises. Temperatures of 28 degrees C and 31 degrees C were sufficient to make Dud-QMPAfg, Ag-C38Nig and Can-NYIsr moderately resistant, whereas Con-Pat81Ko remained highly resistant. All these genotypes were susceptible at 34 degrees C, which suggest that are not suitable for hot-climate growing areas. The most promising accession was Ag-15591Ghana, whose resistance was confirmed in two greenhouse experiments under stressful temperatures (>34 degrees C). The behavior of these sources should be confirmed in naturally infested fields, but the controlled screening methods presented here are essential to characterize new resistance sources and to conduct genetic studies when a high number of plants must be managed under controlled environmental conditions.This work was supported by Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior CAPES (Brazil). This study was also partially supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad project AGL2014-53398-C2-2-R, by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades project AGL2017-85563-C2-1-R and by the Conselleria d'Educacio, Investigacio, Cultura i Esports de la Generalitat Valenciana PROMETEO project para grupos de excelencia/2017/078 (cofunded with FEDER funds).Linhares, CMDS.; Ambrosio, MMQ.; Castro, G.; Barros Torres, S.; Esteras Gómez, C.; Nunes, GHDS.; Picó Sirvent, MB. (2020). Effect of temperature on disease severity of charcoal rot of melons caused byMacrophomina phaseolina: implications for selection of resistance sources. European Journal of Plant Pathology. 158(2):431-441. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-020-02083-wS4314411582Akhtar, K. P., Sarwar, G., & Arshad, H. M. I. (2011). Temperature response, pathogenicity, seed infection and mutant evaluation against Macrophomina phaseolina causing charcoal rot disease of sesame. 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Multidimensional analysis of carrot-lettuce intercroppings under different combinations of population densities

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho biológico de sistemas consorciados de cenoura e alface, sob diferentes combinações de densidades populacionais, com uso das análises bivariada de variância e envoltória de dados (DEA). O delineamento experimental usado foi o de blocos ao acaso completos, com cinco repetições, com os tratamentos arranjados em esquema fatorial 4x4. Os tratamentos resultaram da combinação de quatro populações de plantas de cenoura (40, 60, 80 e 100% da população recomendada no cultivo solteiro – PRCS) com quatro populações de plantas de alface (40, 60, 80 e 100% da PRCS). As populações recomendadas para os cultivos solteiros da cenoura e alface foram 500 mil e 250 mil plantas por hectare, respectivamente. Tanto o método bivariado como o método de análise de envoltória de dados são bastante eficazes na discriminação dos melhores sistemas de cultivo consorciados, por meio dos rendimentos das culturas. Os resultados da eficiência produtiva, medidos por modelos DEA, permitem uma análise estatística simples do ensaio consorciado. A robustez do método de análise bivariada de variância assegura a validade dos resultados.The objective of this paper was to evaluate the biological performance of carrot and lettuce intercropping systems under different combinations of population densities, using the bivariate analysis of variance and data envelopment analysis (DEA). The experimental design was the randomized complete blocks, in a 4x4 factorial scheme (carrot densities: 40, 60, 80 and 100% of the recommended sole crop density (RSCD); lettuce densities: 40, 60, 80 and 100% of the RSCD), with five replications. The recommended population density for carrot in sole crop is 500 thousand plants per hectare and for lettuce in sole crop is 250 thousand plants per hectare. Both bivariate method of variance and data envelopment analysis are quite effective in discriminating the best intercropping systems as assessed through component crop yields. The results of the yield efficiency as assessed by DEA models allow a simple statistical analysis of the intercropping experiment. The robustness of the bivariate analysis of variance method assures the validity of the results

Postharvest quality of different yellow melon hybrids stored under refrigeration

Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a vida útil de cinco híbridos de melão cv. amarelo (AF-7100, AF-1498, AF-5107, AF-4945 e AF-1805) produzidos no Agropolo Assu-Mossoró-RN. Após atingido o estádio de maturação, os frutos foram colhidos e conduzidos ao Laboratório de Pós-Colheita da Universidade Federal Rural do Semiárido (UFERSA), onde se retiraram ao acaso 12 frutos de cada híbrido para caracterização no tempo zero. Em seguida, os demais frutos foram pesados, identificados e armazenados em câmara refrigerada regulada a 10±1ºC e 90±2% UR, onde permaneceram por 7; 14; 21; 28; 35; 42; 49; 56; 63 e 70 dias. Em cada intervalo de tempo, avaliaram-se nos frutos: perda de massa, firmeza da polpa, aparência externa e interna, pH, acidez titulável, sólidos solúveis, açúcares redutores e açúcares solúveis totais. o delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas no tempo. Na parcela, está o fator híbridos e, na subparcela, os tempos de armazenamento. Foram utilizadas três repetições, sendo a parcela constituída por três frutos. Houve interação significativa entre híbrido e período de armazenamento para a firmeza de polpa dos frutos. Para as demais características avaliadas, foi observado o efeito dos fatores principais. Durante operíodo de conservação,ohíbridoAF-7100 apresentou maior firmeza dos frutos, seguida da cultivar AF-5107. Houve aumento na perda de massa durante o armazenamento e não se observaram danos nas aparências externas e internas até 42 e 28 dias de armazenamento, respectivamente.The objective of this work was to evaluate the shelf life of five yellow melon hybrids (AF7100, AF-1498, AF-5107, AF-4945 e AF-1805) grown in the Agropole Mossoró-Assu, RN. Fruits were harvested at commercial maturity and transported to the Postharvest Laboratory of the Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA). Upon arrival, twelve fruits were randomly selected of each hybrid for characterization at zero time of storage. Right after, the other fruits were weighed, identified and stored in cold room at 10±1ºC and 90±2% RH for 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63 and 70 days. For all these storage times, it was performed evaluations for loss of mass, pulp firmness, external and internal appearances, pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids content, reducing sugars, and total soluble sugars. The experimental design was completely randomized in subdivided parcels according to the time. The parcel has the cultivar and the subparcel has the storage periods. It was used three replications, and the parcel was constituted by three fruits. There was a significant interaction between cultivars and storage time on the pulp firmness of the fruits. It was observed significant effects of the main factors on the other assessed traits. Higher fruit pulp firmness was observed in the hybrid AF-7100, followed by the hybrid AF-5107. There was an increment in the percentage of mass loss during the storage. It was not observed any damage on the external and internal appearances until 42 and 28 days of storage, respectively.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Seleção de famílias de feijão adaptadas às condições de inverno do sul de Minas Gerais

The purpose of the present work was to select common bean families adapted to the winter conditions of South of Minas Gerais State, Brazil. 230 families were selected from segregant populations L3272 x (Carioca x TU) and L3272 x ESAL 601. They were evaluated in the winter crops in the South of Minas Gerais, and the 103 most promising ones were selected. The families selected were divided in two sets. The first, with 79 normal cycle families, and the second, with 24 precocious families, which were assessed in two locations, in 1995. The best 24 families were evaluated in the winter of 1996. The traits considered were grain yield, number of the days to flowering and reaction to Erysiphe polygoni. The results showed heterogeneity among families to all traits studied. This heterogeneity allows the selection of families adapted to the winter conditions. The genetic correlation between number of the days to flowering and reaction to Erysiphe polygoni is low and negative. The estimates of heritabilities (broad sense) are relatively high to all traits in the two sets evaluated. The heritability (broad sense) of normal cycle families is similar to realized heritability.O objetivo do trabalho foi selecionar famílias de feijão adaptadas às condições de inverno do sul de Minas Gerais. A partir das populações segregantes L3272 x (Carioca x TU) e L3272 x ESAL 601 foram selecionadas 230 famílias que foram previamente avaliadas no cultivo de inverno no sul de Minas Gerais. Foram mantidas 103 famílias, sendo 79 de ciclo normal e 24 precoces. Esses dois grupos de famílias foram avaliados independentemente, em dois locais, no inverno de 1995. As famílias selecionadas foram avaliadas em um único experimento, no inverno de 1996. Em todos os experimentos foram avaliados os caracteres produtividade de grãos, número de dias para o florescimento, e reação ao patógeno Erysiphe polygoni. Os resultados mostraram heterogeneidade entre as famílias no que tange a todos os caracteres estudados, permitindo a seleção de famílias adaptadas às condições de inverno. A correlação genética entre o número de dias para o florescimento e a reação ao patógeno Erysiphe poligoni foi baixa e negativa. As estimativas das herdabilidades no sentido amplo foram relativamente elevadas quanto a todos os caracteres, nos dois grupos de famílias avaliados. A herdabilidade no sentido amplo, referente a famílias de ciclo normal, foi semelhante à estimativa da herdabilidade realizada

Screening a variable germplasm collection of Cucumis melo L. for seedling resistance to Macrophomina phaseolina

[EN] We evaluate the seedling resistance to charcoal rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina in ninety-seven Cucumis melo accessions, from different geographical origins and five F1 generations, derived from crosses of five accessions selected for their resistance. Artificial inoculations with the toothpick method, previously reported to be useful for predicting shoot resistance, were performed, and plants were scored using a scale of disease severity. The average disease severity was calculated for each accession and was used to cluster the accession in five reaction classes. The screening revealed that sources of natural resistance to this fungus are limited. However, seedlings of seven accessions of different botanic groups displayed a resistant response to the stem inoculation, one cantaloup from Israel, one conomon accession from Korea, two wild agrestis and one acidulus from Africa, and two dudaim accessions from Middle East. The response of the F1 progenies varied from susceptibility to high resistance, the latter in progenies from the two agrestis wild types. These results suggest differences in the genetic basis of the resistance in the different selected sources. The resistant accessions are suggested to be screened under field conditions to confirm the level of resistance at adult plant stage and under stressful conditions.This work has been partially funded by the Project No 294/13 of the Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior CAPES (Brazil). M. M. Q. Ambrosio and A. C. A. Dantas thank CAPES for their research fellowships. B.Pico thanks the Programa Hispano-Brasileno de Cooperacion Universitaria HBP2012-008 and PHBP14/00021 and to the MINECO project AGL2014-53398-C2-2-R.Ambrosio, MM.; Dantas, AC.; Martinez Perez, EM.; Medeiros, AC.; Sousa Nunes, GHD.; Picó Sirvent, MB. (2015). 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Interference of genotype-by-environment interaction in the selection of inbred lines of yellow melon in an agricultural center in Mossoró-Assu, Brazil

ABSTRACT. The aims of this study were to i) identify the influence of the GxE interaction in the selection of inbred lines of melon, and ii) test the efficiency of different indexes in the selection of inbred lines with a higher yield potential and better quality fruit. For these purposes, 98 inbred lines of yellow melon and two commercial controls, Vereda and AF-646, were evaluated in a randomized block design with two replications, at the conditions present in Mossoró and Baraúna. Analyses of the following traits were performed: fruit yield, mean fruit weight, pulp thickness, pulp firmness and soluble solids content. A complex portion of the GxE interaction was predominantly detected for all traits. The recommendation in this case is to promote selection in each environment. Alternatively, selection based on the average behavior of the inbred lines is the strategy that generates the greatest gains, approaching those obtained through direct selection in each specific environment. The selection indexes aimed at reducing the expression of all traits proved to be best for both locations. The index constructed for Baraúna allowed the selection of a greater number of inbred lines with a higher yield potential and better quality fruit and, thus, greater efficiency. Keywords: Cucumis melo L, segregant populations, genetic gains, inbred lines extraction, hybrids, selection indexes. Interferência da interação genótipo por ambiente na seleção de linhagens de melão amarelo no agropolo Mossoró-Assu, Brasil RESUMO. Objetivou-se com esse estudo: i) identificar a interferência da interação GxE no processo de seleção de linhagens de melão e; ii) testar a eficiência de índices na seleção de linhagens com maior potencial produtivo e melhor qualidade de fruto. Para isto, avaliaram-se 98 linhagens de melão amarelo e duas testemunhas, Vereda e AF-646, em blocos casualizados com duas repetições, em Mossoró e Baraúna, localizadas no Agropolo produtor desta hortaliça. Avaliaram-se os caracteres produtividade de frutos, massa média de frutos, espessura de polpa, firmeza de polpa e sólidos solúveis. Detectou-se uma predominância da porção complexa na interação GxE em todos os caracteres. A recomendação, neste caso, é promover a seleção em cada ambiente. Alternativamente, a seleção baseada no comportamento médio das linhagens é a estratégia que gera ganhos mais próximos àqueles obtidos pela seleção direta em cada ambiente específico. Os índices de seleção, com o propósito de reduzir a expressão de todos os caracteres, se mostraram melhores para ambas as localidades. Àquele construído para Baraúna permitiu selecionar um maior número de linhagens com elevado potencial produtivo e com melhores qualidades de fruto, sendo assim, mais eficiente. Palavras-chave: Cucumis melo L, populações segregantes, ganho genético, extração de linhagens, híbridos, índices de seleção

Herança do teor de betacaroteno em melão

The objective of this work was to determine the inheritance of beta‑carotene content in melon (Cucumis melo). The AC-16 accession (Cucumis melo subsp. melo var. acidulus) – with a low beta-carotene content and white mesocarp – was crossed with the Vedrantais cultivar (C. melo subsp. melo var. cantalupensis) – with a high beta-carotene content and salmon colored mesocarp –, to obtain the F1, F2, BC1 and BC2 generations. The AC‑16 and 'Vedrantais' parents, the F1 and F2 generations, and the BC1 and BC2 backcrosses of each parent were evaluated. The quantification of beta‑carotene was carried out in a high-performance liquid chromatography system. Mean components related to the additive and dominance effects, additive and dominance variances, and heritability were estimated. The beta‑carotene content was high in 'Vedrantais' (17.78 µg g-1) and low in AC-16 (0.34 µg g-1). The following results were observed: additive and dominance effects on the genetic control of the character, incomplete character dominance, estimated number of loci close to two, greater variance for segregating populations (F2 and backcrosses), and heritability values in the broad (87.75%) and narrow (64.19%) senses. The beta-carotene content in melon is controlled by a major effect gene, with additive and dominance effects associated with polygenes with additive effects.O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a herança do teor de betacaroteno em melão (Cucumis melo). O acesso AC-16 (Cucumis melo subsp. melo var. acidulus) – com baixo teor de betacaroteno e mesocarpo branco – foi cruzado com a cultivar Vedrantais (C. melo subsp. melo var. cantalupensis) – com alto teor de betacaroteno e mesocarpo de cor salmão –, para obtenção das gerações F1, F2, RC1 e RC2. Avaliaram-se os genitores AC‑16 e 'Vedrantais', as gerações F1 e F2, e os retrocruzamentos de cada genitor RC1 e  RC2. A quantificação do betacaroteno foi realizada em sistema de cromatografia líquida de alto desempenho. Foram estimados os componentes de média relacionados aos efeitos aditivos e de dominância, as variâncias aditiva e de dominância e a herdabilidade. O teor de betacaroteno foi alto (17,78 µg g-1) em 'Vedrantais' e baixo em AC-16 (0,34 µg g-1). Observaram-se os seguintes resultados: efeito aditivo e de dominância no controle genético do caráter, dominância de caráter incompleta, número estimado de loci próximo de dois, maior variância para populações segregantes (F2 e retrocruzamentos), e valores de herdabilidade nos sentidos amplo (87,75%) e restrito (64,19%). O teor de betacaroteno em melão é controlado por um gene de efeito maior, com efeitos aditivos e de dominância associados a poligenes com efeitos aditivos

Cantaloupe melon (Cucumis melo L.) conservation using hydrocooling Rev

ABSTRACT RESUMO Cantaloupe melon (Cucumis melo L.) conservation using hydrocooling Maintaining cantaloupe melon at field temperature impairs conservation as it speeds up cell metabolism and transpiration, and, consequently, reduces shelf life. This study aimed to evaluate the conservation of Torreon hybrid cantaloupe using the hydrocooling treatment. Fruits were harvested at the commercial maturity stage (60 days after planting), in the morning, at the Nova California Farm, municipality of Mossoró-RN, in September 2007. One set of fruit was immersed in chilled water at 5 ºC for 5 min, at the packing house, while the remaining set was not hydro cooled. Then, both sets (treated and untreated with hydrocooling) were pre-cooled in air forced tunnels at 7 ºC, until the temperature in the pulp reached 10 ºC. Both fruit sets were stored for 0, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days under modified atmosphere at 3 ± 1 o C and 90 ± 5% RH. After each storage period, the fruits were incubated in an atmosphere-controlled chamber at 20 ± 2 o C and 80 ± 5% de RH, for seven days. The following characteristics were evaluated: external and internal appearance, mass loss, soluble solids, firmness and titrable acidity. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized split-plot design with four replications of three fruits. The plots consisted of the hydrocooling conditions (with and without fruit soaking in chilled water), and the sub-plots consisted of the storage times (0, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days).The treatment with hydrocooling was efficient in keeping the firmness and soluble solids of the fruits and shortened the pre-cooling time in the cooling tunnel. However, hydrocooling did not increase fruit shelf-life. Conservação de melão Cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L.) com o uso de hidrorresfriamento A manutenção da temperatura de campo dos frutos é prejudicial à sua conservação, porque acelera o metabolismo celular e a transpiração e, como consequência, reduz sua vida útil. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a conservação do melão Cantaloupe, híbrido 'Torreon', com o uso de hidrorresfriamento. Os frutos foram colhidos em setembro de 2007, pela manhã, na Fazenda Nova Califórnia, localizada no município de Mossoró-RN, na maturidade comercial (60 dias após a semeadura). Na casa de embalagem da fazenda, um grupo de frutos foi pré-resfriado (imersão em água fria, a 5 ºC, por 5 min.), enquanto o outro grupo permaneceu sem resfriar. Logo após, os dois grupos foram submetidos a um pré-resfriamento em túneis de circulação forçada de ar, à temperatura de 7 ºC, até que a polpa atingisse 10 ºC. Ambos foram armazenados por 0, 14, 21, 28 e 35 dias, sob atmosfera modificada, a 3 ± 1 o C e 90 ± 5% de UR. Após cada intervalo de tempo, os frutos foram transferidos para uma câmara regulada a 20 ± 2 o C e 80 ± 5% de UR, em que permaneceram po

Indirect selection for content of carotenoid in pumpkin accessions

Carotenoid quantification in foods can be performed by various techniques, such as spectrophotometry, mass spectrometry, high performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography and colorimetry. The objective of this study was to verify the feasibility of indirect selection of total carotenoids in pumpkin accessions. The experimental design was in complete randomized blocks with two replications and three plants per plot. The treatments consisted of 51 Cucubita moschata Duch accessions from the DCAF/UFERSA Cucurbitaceae germplasm collection and a commercial C. maxima Duch cultivar. After maturation, the fruits were harvested and colorimetric and total carotenoid contents were evaluated. Pulp color intensity parameters and hº angle indicated the possibility of indirect selection of accessions with higher total carotenoid contents. The ABO22 access presented higher total carotenoid content under the evaluation conditions of the experiment. Highlights There is variability in the total carotenoid content in pumpkin accessions. The pumpkin accessions studied have potential for food biofortification. Feasibility of indirect selection in pumpkin accessions for high total carotenoid content.Carotenoid quantification in foods can be performed by various techniques, such as spectrophotometry, mass spectrometry, high performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography and colorimetry. The objective of this study was to verify the feasibility of indirect selection of total carotenoids in pumpkin accessions. The experimental design was in complete randomized blocks with two replications and three plants per plot. The treatments consisted of 51 Cucubita moschata Duch accessions from the DCAF/UFERSA Cucurbitaceae germplasm collection and a commercial C. maxima Duch cultivar. After maturation, the fruits were harvested and colorimetric and total carotenoid contents were evaluated. Pulp color intensity parameters and hº angle indicated the possibility of indirect selection of accessions with higher total carotenoid contents. The ABO22 access presented higher total carotenoid content under the evaluation conditions of the experiment. Highlights There is variability in the total carotenoid content in pumpkin accessions. The pumpkin accessions studied have potential for food biofortification. Feasibility of indirect selection in pumpkin accessions for high total carotenoid content