Indicadores ambientais e captura de triatomíneos em área rural com histórico recente de captura do vetor

A doença de Chagas ou Tripanossomíase americana é uma antropozoonose causada pelo protozoário Trypanosoma cruzi, transmitida por insetos triatomíneos com sua ocorrência relacionada a indicadores ambientais. Dessa forma, objetivou-se identificar os indicadores ambientais para a doença em áreas rurais do município de Mossoró com histórico recente de captura do vetor e ainda analisar a sua associação com a ocorrência de triatomíneos. Para tanto, foram visitadas 392 residências e 279 moradores permitiram a realização da pesquisa em suas casas. Foi utilizado um roteiro estruturado para analisar a presença de características ambientais favoráveis à ocorrência de triatomíneos. E capturas passivas de triatomíneos foram realizadas pelos próprios moradores. Em 10,75% das casas visitadas foram capturados espécimes de triatomíneos. Permaneceram no modelo final da análise multivariada os seguintes indicadores: telhado de madeira (OR= 2,512, IC 95% 1,02 – 6,16), parede de taipa (OR= 1,290, IC 95% 1,07 – 1,54), e o acúmulo de matéria orgânica (OR= 0,398, IC 95% 0,161 – 0,981). A partir dos resultados obtidos, conclui-se que indicadores, como o tipo de telhado, o tipo de parede e o acúmulo de matéria orgânica no peridomicílio podem ser considerados fatores de risco para a ocorrência de triatomíneos. A associação observada ressalta a importância de identificar fatores de risco para o vetor e a doença, com o objetivo de melhorar as ações de prevenção e controle

Os impactos da tecnologia de mulching utilizada no cultivo do melão na região de Mossoró

The mulching technology is a tool that enables cost reduction for producers regarding the use of agrochemicals, irrigation water and the use of labor force, promoting improvement in the produced fruit quality and increasing production. The present study aimed to evaluate the impacts caused by the use of mulch in the environmental, social and economic environment of a rural community of Mossoró / RN. Observation, semi-structured interview and structured questionnaire were used in the study, and the questionnaire was applied to 12.5% of participants from a total of 32. The results show that this technology is used by all producers, in order to improve the production of melon in quantity and quality. However, the use of polyethylene mulch utilized therein causes concern as to their post-use disposal, with the use of archaic practices, such as burning, that gradually affect workers' health and biological properties of the soil.A tecnologia de mulching é uma ferramenta que possibilita a redução de gastos para os produtores no tocante a utilização de agroquímicos, água de irrigação e a utilização de mão-de-obra, além de promover melhoria na qualidade da fruta produzida e o aumento da produção. O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar os impactos provocados pelo uso do mulch no meio ambiental, social e econômico de uma comunidade rural de Mossoró/RN. Fez-se o uso de observações, entrevista semiestruturada e questionário estruturado, o qual foi aplicado a 12,5% dos participantes de um total de 32. Os resultados mostram que essa tecnologia é utilizada por todos os produtores, com o intuito de melhorar a produção do melão em quantidade e qualidade. Contudo, o uso do mulch de polietileno, utilizado nessa técnica, acarreta preocupações quanto ao seu descarte pós-uso, com a utilização de práticas arcaicas como as queimadas que afetam de forma gradual a saúde do trabalhador e as propriedades biológicas do solo

Awareness of visceral leishmaniasis and its relationship to canine infection in riverside endemic areas in Northeastern Brazil

IntroductionAn awareness of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is necessary to encourage the population to participate in prevention and control in collaboration with more efficient, centrally organized health programs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the awareness of the riverside population regarding VL and the association between awareness and the prevalence of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL).MethodsIn total, 71 people living in riverside areas in the City of Mossoró in State of Rio Grande do Norte participated of the study, and 71 dogs were tested for CVL by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Association analysis of several variables related to knowledge of the riverside population regarding CVL positivity was performed, yielding odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), and significance was determined using chi-square (χ2) and Fisher's exact tests.ResultsAmong individuals whose dogs tested positive for CVL, 60% did not know the cure for CVL, and these subjects were three times more likely to have a dog test positive for CVL than those who were aware the cure for CVL. Knowledge of CVL cure was the only variable that remained in the logistic model after the successive removal of variables, with an adjusted OR of 3.11 (95%CI: 1.1-8,799; p=0.032).ConclusionsInsufficient awareness regarding VL in riverside areas with CVL-positive dogs was associated with increased rates of canine infection, which suggests that changes in habits and the adoption of attitudes and preventive practices may contribute to the control and prevention of this disease. This study reinforces the need to invest in better health education programs regarding VL

Natural infection by Trypanosoma cruzi in triatomines and seropositivity for Chagas disease of dogs in rural areas of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

Submitted by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2018-09-18T15:13:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 luisney_scoffier_etal_IOC_2018.pdf: 1445184 bytes, checksum: 05b433a68b0f8b8ec73da2709d11ad2e (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2018-09-18T15:24:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 luisney_scoffier_etal_IOC_2018.pdf: 1445184 bytes, checksum: 05b433a68b0f8b8ec73da2709d11ad2e (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-18T15:24:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 luisney_scoffier_etal_IOC_2018.pdf: 1445184 bytes, checksum: 05b433a68b0f8b8ec73da2709d11ad2e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido. Centro de Ciências Agrárias. Mossoró, RN, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Protozoologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido. Centro de Ciências Agrárias. Mossoró, RN, Brasil.Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido. Centro de Ciências Agrárias. Mossoró, RN, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Protozoologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Protozoologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica em Diptera e Hemiptera. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Diptera. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido. Centro de Ciências Agrárias. Mossoró, RN, Brasil.Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido. Centro de Ciências Agrárias. Mossoró, RN, Brasil.Chagas disease is caused by the protozoa Trypanosoma cruzi. Its main reservoir is the domestic dog, especially in rural areas with favorable characteristics for vector establishment and proliferation. The aims of this study were to collect data, survey and map the fauna, and identify T. cruzi infection in triatomines, as well as to assess the presence of anti-T. cruzi antibodies in dogs in rural areas of the municipality of Mossoró, Brazil

Natural infection by Trypanosoma cruzi in triatomines and seropositivity for Chagas disease of dogs in rural areas of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Chagas disease is caused by the protozoa Trypanosoma cruzi. Its main reservoir is the domestic dog, especially in rural areas with favorable characteristics for vector establishment and proliferation. The aims of this study were to collect data, survey and map the fauna, and identify T. cruzi infection in triatomines, as well as to assess the presence of anti-T. cruzi antibodies in dogs in rural areas of the municipality of Mossoró, Brazil. METHODS: An active entomologic research was conducted to identify adult specimens through an external morphology dichotomous key. The analysis of natural infection by T. cruzi in the insects was performed by isolation in culture and polymerase chain reaction. The antibody testing for T. cruzi in dogs was performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and indirect immunofluorescence assay. RESULTS: A total of 68 triatomines were captured, predominantly the Triatoma brasiliensis brasiliensis (Neiva 1911) species. The vector mapping displayed areas with greater risk for parasite transmission. Of the examined triatomines (51 specimens), 41.2% (21/51) were positive on polymerase chain reaction, and all were negative on culture. In the serum testing, 11% (25/218) of dogs were seropositive, but no association was found between the serologic results and the presence and infection by T. cruzi in triatomines. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated the movement of T. cruzi in the studied area, by the presence of vectors and naturally infected domestic reservoirs. The mapping of the studied rural area demonstrates the risk of disease transmission