Factors Related to Breast Cancer Screening in Women in the Northern Part of Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women and affects many women around the world each year. Breast cancer screening is one of the best strategies that can be used to reduce the death rate from the disease. Different factors influence the breast cancer screening rate. AIM: This study aimed to investigate the factors that affect the screening of women for breast cancer in the northern part of Iran. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Mazandaran Province of Iran in 2016 on 1,165 women who participate in breast cancer screening programs, using a cluster-sampling method. A valid and reliable researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect the data. The collected data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics via SPSS 21. RESULTS: In this study, 62% of the women had a history of breast self-examinations, 41.1% had breast examinations by healthcare staff, and 21.7% received mammography. The woman’s age, age at first marriage, age at onset of sexual intercourse, occupation, spouse’s occupation, household income, health status, history of infertility, smoking, and decision-maker on issues of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) were the best predictors of participation in screening for breast cancer (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: To encourage participation in breast cancer screening programs, women should be encouraged to seek preventive care. Also, factors that affect screening should be considered an appropriate educational method should be provided. ould be considered and appropriate educational methods should be provided

Simulation of Leaching of Starch from Potato in a Batch Extractor

Abstrac

Investigation of Iron and Manganese Removal from Water Sources by Tea Leaves and Rice Straw

High levels of iron and manganese in drinking water cause sediment, turbidity, bad taste and color. As there is a wide area of rice and tea under cultivation in Guilan province with an inevitable production of waste from them, it is possible to use it for removal of undesirable elements. The present study was discontinuously performed on a laboratory scale. The impact of important factors such as pH, contact time, initial concentration, adsorbent dosage and temperature were investigated. Also, using group method of data handling, the adsorption process of the batch method was modeled. The results showed that the highest iron adsorption capacity (in terms of mg/g) for tea leaves and rice straw were 19.44 and 19.99, respectively. Considering manganese, it was 19.86 for tea leaves and 19.49 for rice straw. The best conditions for removing iron and manganese from aqueous solution are at neutral pH, contact time 40-50 minutes, absorbent dose 0.05 g and temperature 25-35 °C for tea leaves and rice straw. Overall, the GMDH model performs better in predicting the final concentrations of iron and manganese in water sources. In general, it can be concluded that rice straw and tea leaves can be used as inexpensive and environmentally friendly natural absorbers in the removal of iron and manganese from water sources

Exploring the role of cultural differences in Norwegian-Brazilian business relationships

Master's thesis in Strategy & managementIn order to be successful in an international market, it is important to build and maintain a good business relationship. One of the key challenges of international business relationships is the cultural differences that exist around the world. This thesis is aimed to explore the role of cultural differences in Norwegian-Brazilian business relationships. The research method is a qualitative, exploratory study and data collection took place in Rio de Janeiro and Stavanger, over a period of one month. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten informants to find out the role of cultural on the Norwegian-Brazilian business relationships. The data analysis was through an interpretive method. The results of the interviews and analysis show that the elements of power distance, uncertainty avoidance, communication, orientation to time and trust may cause challenges for Norwegian business in Brazil. The challenges can be listed as misinterpretation, frustrations, financial loss and etc

Prediction of hydrate formation conditions to separate carbon dioxide from fuel gas mixture in the presence of various promoters

In this study estimation of hydrate formation conditions to separate carbon dioxide (CO2) from fuel gas mixture (CO2+H2) was investigated in the presence of promoters such as tetra-n-butylammonium bromide (TBAB), tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride (TBAF), and tetra-n-butyl ammonium nitrate (TBANO3). The emission of CO2 from the combustion of fuels has been considered as the dominant contributor to global warming and environmental problems. Separation of CO2 from fuel gas can be an effective factor to prevent many of environmental impacts. Gas hydrate process is a novel method to separate and storage some gasses. In this communication, a feed-forward artificial neural network algorithm has been developed. To develop this algorithm, the experimental data reported in the literature for hydrate formation conditions in the fuel gas system with different concentrations of promoters in aqueous phase have been used. Finally, experimental data compared with estimated data and with calculation of efficiency coefficient, mean squared error, and mean absolute error show that the experimental data and predicted data are in acceptable agreement which demonstrate the reliability of this algorithm as a predictive tool

Modelling of CO2 capture and separation from different gas mixtures using semiclathrate hydrates

In this work we present a model for predicting hydrate formation condition to separate carbon dioxide (CO2) from different gas mixtures such as fuel gas (H2+CO2), flue gas (N2+CO2), and biogas gas (CH4+CO2) in the presence of different promoters such as tetra-n-butylammonium bromide (TBAB), tetra-n-butylammonium chloride (TBAC), tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride (TBAF), tetra-n-butyl ammonium nitrate (TBANO3), and tetra-n-butylphosphonium bromide (TBPB). The proposed method was optimized by genetic algorithm. In the proposed model, hydrate formation pressure is a function of temperature and a new variable in term of Z, which used to cover different concentrations of studied systems. The study shows experimental data and predicted values are in acceptable agreement