94 research outputs found
Stray field signatures of N\'eel textured skyrmions in Ir/Fe/Co/Pt multilayer films
Skyrmions are nanoscale spin configurations with topological properties that
hold great promise for spintronic devices. Here, we establish their N\'eel
texture, helicity, and size in Ir/Fe/Co/Pt multilayer films by constructing a
multipole expansion to model their stray field signatures and applying it to
magnetic force microscopy (MFM) images. Furthermore, the demonstrated
sensitivity to inhomogeneity in skyrmion properties, coupled with a unique
capability to estimate the pinning force governing dynamics, portends broad
applicability in the burgeoning field of topological spin textures.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, significantly revised and upgraded. For the
updated supplementary material please contact one of the corresponding
author
Chiral magnetic textures in Ir/Fe/Co/Pt multilayers: Evolution and topological Hall signature
Skyrmions are topologically protected, two-dimensional, localized hedgehogs
and whorls of spin. Originally invented as a concept in field theory for
nuclear interactions, skyrmions are central to a wide range of phenomena in
condensed matter. Their realization at room temperature (RT) in magnetic
multilayers has generated considerable interest, fueled by technological
prospects and the access granted to fundamental questions. The interaction of
skyrmions with charge carriers gives rise to exotic electrodynamics, such as
the topological Hall effect (THE), the Hall response to an emergent magnetic
field, a manifestation of the skyrmion Berry-phase. The proposal that THE can
be used to detect skyrmions needs to be tested quantitatively. For that it is
imperative to develop comprehensive understanding of skyrmions and other chiral
textures, and their electrical fingerprint. Here, using Hall transport and
magnetic imaging, we track the evolution of magnetic textures and their THE
signature in a technologically viable multilayer film as a function of
temperature () and out-of-plane applied magnetic field (). We show that
topological Hall resistivity () scales with the density of
isolated skyrmions () over a wide range of , confirming the
impact of the skyrmion Berry-phase on electronic transport. We find that at
higher skyrmions cluster into worms which carry considerable
topological charge, unlike topologically-trivial spin spirals. While we
establish a qualitative agreement between and areal
density of topological charge , our detailed quantitative
analysis shows a much larger than the prevailing theory
predicts for observed .Comment: Major revision of the original version. The extensive Supplementary
Information is available upon reques
Charge order driven by Fermi-arc instability in Bi2201
The understanding of the origin of superconductivity in cuprates has been
hindered by the apparent diversity of intertwining electronic orders in these
materials. We combined resonant x-ray scattering (REXS), scanning-tunneling
microscopy (STM), and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) to
observe a charge order that appears consistently in surface and bulk, and in
momentum and real space within one cuprate family, Bi2201. The observed wave
vectors rule out simple antinodal nesting in the single-particle limit but
match well with a phenomenological model of a many-body instability of the
Fermi arcs. Combined with earlier observations of electronic order in other
cuprate families, these findings suggest the existence of a generic
charge-ordered state in underdoped cuprates and uncover its intimate connection
to the pseudogap regime.Comment: A high resolution version can be found at
http://www.phas.ubc.ca/~quantmat/ARPES/PUBLICATIONS/Articles/Bi2201_CDW_REXS_STM.pdf
Widely Tunable Berry curvature in the Magnetic Semimetal Cr1+dTe2
Magnetic semimetals have increasingly emerged as lucrative platforms hosting
spin-based topological phenomena in real and momentum spaces. Of particular
interest is the emergence of Berry curvature, whose geometric origin,
accessibility from Hall transport experiments, and material tunability, bodes
well for new physics and practical devices. Cr1+dTe2, a self-intercalated
magnetic transition metal dichalcogenide, TMD, exhibits attractive natural
attributes relevant to such applications, including topological magnetism,
tunable electron filling, magnetic frustration etc. While recent studies have
explored real-space Berry curvature effects in this material, similar
considerations of momentum-space Berry curvature are lacking. Here, we
systematically investigate the electronic structure and transport properties of
epitaxial Cr1+dTe2 thin films over a wide range of doping, d between 0.33 and
0.71. Spectroscopic experiments reveal the presence of a characteristic
semi-metallic band region near the Brillouin Zone edge, which shows a rigid
band like energy shift as a function of d. Transport experiments show that the
intrinsic component of the anomalous Hall effect, AHE, is sizable, and
undergoes a sign flip across d. Finally, density functional theory calculations
establish a causal link between the observed doping evolution of the band
structure and AHE: the AHE sign flip is shown to emerge from the sign change of
the Berry curvature, as the semi-metallic band region crosses the Fermi energy.
Our findings underscore the increasing relevance of momentum-space Berry
curvature in magnetic TMDs and provide a unique platform for intertwining
topological physics in real and momentum spaces
Coexisting Charge-Ordered States with Distinct Driving Mechanisms in Monolayer VSe<sub>2</sub>
Thinning crystalline materials to two dimensions (2D) creates a rich playground for electronic phases, including charge, spin, superconducting, and topological order. Bulk materials hosting charge density waves (CDWs), when reduced to ultrathin films, have shown CDW enhancement and tunability. However, charge order confined to only 2D remains elusive. Here we report a distinct charge ordered state emerging in the monolayer limit of 1T-VSe2. Systematic scanning tunneling microscopy experiments reveal that bilayer VSe2 largely retains the bulk electronic structure, hosting a tridirectional CDW. However, monolayer VSe2 -consistently across distinct substrates-exhibits a dimensional crossover, hosting two CDWs with distinct wavelengths and transition temperatures. Electronic structure calculations reveal that while one CDW is bulk-like and arises from the well-known Peierls mechanism, the other is decidedly unconventional. The observed CDW-lattice decoupling and the emergence of a flat band suggest that the second CDW could arise from enhanced electron-electron interactions in the 2D limit. These findings establish monolayer-VSe2 as a host of coexisting charge orders with distinct origins, and enable the tailoring of electronic phenomena via emergent interactions in 2D materials
Emergent Phenomena Induced by Spin-Orbit Coupling at Surfaces and Interfaces
Spin-orbit coupling (SOC) describes the relativistic interaction between the
spin and momentum degrees of freedom of electrons, and is central to the rich
phenomena observed in condensed matter systems. In recent years, new phases of
matter have emerged from the interplay between SOC and low dimensionality, such
as chiral spin textures and spin-polarized surface and interface states. These
low-dimensional SOC-based realizations are typically robust and can be
exploited at room temperature. Here we discuss SOC as a means of producing such
fundamentally new physical phenomena in thin films and heterostructures. We put
into context the technological promise of these material classes for developing
spin-based device applications at room temperature
Characterization of collective ground states in single-layer NbSe2
Layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are ideal systems for
exploring the effects of dimensionality on correlated electronic phases such as
charge density wave (CDW) order and superconductivity. In bulk NbSe2 a CDW sets
in at TCDW = 33 K and superconductivity sets in at Tc = 7.2 K. Below Tc these
electronic states coexist but their microscopic formation mechanisms remain
controversial. Here we present an electronic characterization study of a single
2D layer of NbSe2 by means of low temperature scanning tunneling
microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS), angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy
(ARPES), and electrical transport measurements. We demonstrate that 3x3 CDW
order in NbSe2 remains intact in 2D. Superconductivity also still remains in
the 2D limit, but its onset temperature is depressed to 1.9 K. Our STS
measurements at 5 K reveal a CDW gap of {\Delta} = 4 meV at the Fermi energy,
which is accessible via STS due to the removal of bands crossing the Fermi
level for a single layer. Our observations are consistent with the simplified
(compared to bulk) electronic structure of single-layer NbSe2, thus providing
new insight into CDW formation and superconductivity in this model
strongly-correlated system.Comment: Nature Physics (2015), DOI:10.1038/nphys352
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