Online social networks and hiring: a field experiment on the French labor market

With the advance of social network sites, employers can screen applicants' online profiles to gain additional personal information without the applicants' awareness. We investigate whether employers rely on such online information when deciding to call an applicant back for interview. During a 12-month period, we set-up a field experiment and sent more than 800 applications of two fictitious applicants that differ for a signal - their perceived origins - solely available on their Facebook profiles. A 40 % gap between the two applicants highlights that online profiles are used to screen and select applicants. For many recruiters, Facebook profiles have become a part of the application material. An unexpected change in the Facebook layout altered the display of our online signal. This natural experiment allows us to pinpoint the cause of screening, and therefore the odds of being called back for interview, within the online profile

Do recruiters 'like' it? Online social networks and privacy in hiring: a pseudo-randomized experiment

With the advance of online social networks, the screening of applicants during hiring can extend beyond the usual application material. Although browsing the online profile of an applicant raises ethical issues, this practice potentially improves the job matching, at virtually no cost to the employer. In this paper, we investigate the use of online social networks as a reliable source of information for recruiters on applicants in the French job market. We set up a field experiment using real accountant job offers in the greater Paris area. We adjust the content of Facebook accounts to manipulate the perceived origins of applicants (hometown and language spoken) and analyze the impact on the number of callbacks received from employers. The signal we manipulate to distinguish applicants is available only within the online profile, not the application material. During a 12 month period from March 2012 to March 2013, we submitted more than 800 applications. The test applicant received a third fewer callbacks compared to the control applicant, a significant difference. Our results suggest that online profiles are used indeed to screen applicants, and that this occurs early in the hiring process. During the course of the experiment, a change to the standard Facebook layout sent a part of our signal, namely the language spoken by the applicants, into a sub-tab not directly visible from the front page. This exogenous change (clicking on a tab is now required to access the information) allowed us to measure the recruiter's depth of search. In subsequent months, the gap between the two applicant types shrank and virtually disappeared. This suggests that screening is superficial, illustrating the existence of employer search costs for browsing an entire profile

Online social networks and hiring: a field experiment on the French labor market

With the advance of social network sites, employers can screen applicants' online profiles to gain additional personal information without the applicants' awareness. We investigate whether employers rely on such online information when deciding to call an applicant back for interview. During a 12-month period, we set-up a field experiment and sent more than 800 applications of two fictitious applicants that differ for a signal - their perceived origins - solely available on their Facebook profiles. A 40 % gap between the two applicants highlights that online profiles are used to screen and select applicants. For many recruiters, Facebook profiles have become a part of the application material. An unexpected change in the Facebook layout altered the display of our online signal. This natural experiment allows us to pinpoint the cause of screening, and therefore the odds of being called back for interview, within the online profile

Benefits of the Non-Steroidal Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonist Finerenone in Metabolic Syndrome-Related Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) plays an important role in the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and associated cardiovascular complications. Antagonizing the overactivation of the MR with MR antagonists (MRA) is a therapeutic option, but their use in patients with CKD is limited due to the associated risk of hyperkalemia. Finerenone is a non-steroidal MRA associated with an improved benefit-risk profile in comparison to steroidal MRAs. In this study, we decided to test whether finerenone improves renal and cardiac function in male hypertensive and diabetic ZSF1 rats as an established preclinical HFpEF model. Finerenone was administered at 10 mg/kg/day for 12 weeks. Cardiac function/hemodynamics were assessed in vivo. ZSF1 rats showed classical signs of CKD with increased BUN, UACR, hypertrophy, and fibrosis of the kidney together with characteristic signs of HFpEF including cardiac fibrosis, diastolic dysfunction, and decreased cardiac perfusion. Finerenone treatment did not impact kidney function but reduced renal hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis. Interestingly, finerenone ameliorated diastolic dysfunction and cardiac perfusion in ZSF1 rats. In summary, we show for the first time that non-steroidal MR antagonism by finerenone attenuates cardiac diastolic dysfunction and improves cardiac perfusion in a preclinical HFpEF model. These cardiac benefits were found to be largely independent of renal benefits

Protein Alterations in Cardiac Ischemia/Reperfusion Revealed by Spatial-Omics

Myocardial infarction is the most common cause of death worldwide. An understanding of the alterations in protein pathways is needed in order to develop strategies that minimize myocardial damage. To identify the protein signature of cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats, we combined, for the first time, protein matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) and label-free proteomics on the same tissue section placed on a conductive slide. Wistar rats were subjected to I/R surgery and sacrificed after 24 h. Protein MALDI-MSI data revealed ischemia specific regions, and distinct profiles for the infarct core and border. Firstly, the infarct core, compared to histologically unaffected tissue, showed a significant downregulation of cardiac biomarkers, while an upregulation was seen for coagulation and immune response proteins. Interestingly, within the infarct tissue, alterations in the cytoskeleton reorganization and inflammation were found. This work demonstrates that a single tissue section can be used for protein-based spatial-omics, combining MALDI-MSI and label-free proteomics. Our workflow offers a new methodology to investigate the mechanisms of cardiac I/R injury at the protein level for new strategies to minimize damage after MI

Fungal infections in mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19 during the first wave: the French multicentre MYCOVID study

International audienceBACKGROUND: Patients with severe COVID-19 have emerged as a population at high risk of invasive fungal infections (IFIs). However, to our knowledge, the prevalence of IFIs has not yet been assessed in large populations of mechanically ventilated patients. We aimed to identify the prevalence, risk factors, and mortality associated with IFIs in mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19 under intensive care. METHODS: We performed a national, multicentre, observational cohort study in 18 French intensive care units (ICUs). We retrospectively and prospectively enrolled adult patients (aged ≥18 years) with RT-PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and requiring mechanical ventilation for acute respiratory distress syndrome, with all demographic and clinical and biological follow-up data anonymised and collected from electronic case report forms. Patients were systematically screened for respiratory fungal microorganisms once or twice a week during the period of mechanical ventilation up to ICU discharge. The primary outcome was the prevalence of IFIs in all eligible participants with a minimum of three microbiological samples screened during ICU admission, with proven or probable (pr/pb) COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) classified according to the recent ECMM/ISHAM definitions. Secondary outcomes were risk factors of pr/pb CAPA, ICU mortality between the pr/pb CAPA and non-pr/pb CAPA groups, and associations of pr/pb CAPA and related variables with ICU mortality, identified by regression models. The MYCOVID study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04368221. FINDINGS: Between Feb 29 and July 9, 2020, we enrolled 565 mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19. 509 patients with at least three screening samples were analysed (mean age 59·4 years [SD 12·5], 400 [79%] men). 128 (25%) patients had 138 episodes of pr/pb or possible IFIs. 76 (15%) patients fulfilled the criteria for pr/pb CAPA. According to multivariate analysis, age older than 62 years (odds ratio [OR] 2·34 [95% CI 1·39-3·92], p=0·0013), treatment with dexamethasone and anti-IL-6 (OR 2·71 [1·12-6·56], p=0·027), and long duration of mechanical ventilation (\textgreater14 days; OR 2·16 [1·14-4·09], p=0·019) were independently associated with pr/pb CAPA. 38 (7%) patients had one or more other pr/pb IFIs: 32 (6%) had candidaemia, six (1%) had invasive mucormycosis, and one (\textless1%) had invasive fusariosis. Multivariate analysis of associations with death, adjusted for candidaemia, for the 509 patients identified three significant factors: age older than 62 years (hazard ratio [HR] 1·71 [95% CI 1·26-2·32], p=0·0005), solid organ transplantation (HR 2·46 [1·53-3·95], p=0·0002), and pr/pb CAPA (HR 1·45 [95% CI 1·03-2·03], p=0·033). At time of ICU discharge, survival curves showed that overall ICU mortality was significantly higher in patients with pr/pb CAPA than in those without, at 61·8% (95% CI 50·0-72·8) versus 32·1% (27·7-36·7; p\textless0·0001). INTERPRETATION: This study shows the high prevalence of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and candidaemia and high mortality associated with pr/pb CAPA in mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19. These findings highlight the need for active surveillance of fungal pathogens in patients with severe COVID-19. FUNDING: Pfizer

Sotrovimab therapy elicits antiviral activities against Omicron BQ.1.1 and XBB.1.5 in sera of immunocompromised patients [letter]

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