Density functional theory calculations of the carbon ELNES of small diameter armchair and zigzag nanotubes: core-hole, curvature and momentum transfer orientation effects

We perform density functional theory calculations on a series of armchair and zigzag nanotubes of diameters less than 1nm using the all-electron Full-Potential(-Linearised)-Augmented-Plane-Wave (FPLAPW) method. Emphasis is laid on the effects of curvature, the electron beam orientation and the inclusion of the core-hole on the carbon electron energy loss K-edge. The electron energy loss near-edge spectra of all the studied tubes show strong curvature effects compared to that of flat graphene. The curvature induced $\pi-\sigma$ hybridisation is shown to have a more drastic effect on the electronic properties of zigzag tubes than on those of armchair tubes. We show that the core-hole effect must be accounted for in order to correctly reproduce electron energy loss measurements. We also find that, the energy loss near edge spectra of these carbon systems are dominantly dipole selected and that they can be expressed simply as a proportionality with the local momentum projected density of states, thus portraying the weak energy dependence of the transition matrix elements. Compared to graphite, the ELNES of carbon nanotubes show a reduced anisotropy.Comment: 25 pages, 15 figures, revtex4 submitted for publication to Phys. Rev.

Recommendations for whole genome sequencing in diagnostics for rare diseases

In 2016, guidelines for diagnostic Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) have been published by EuroGentest in order to assist laboratories in the implementation and accreditation of NGS in a diagnostic setting. These guidelines mainly focused on Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) and targeted (gene panels) sequencing detecting small germline variants (Single Nucleotide Variants (SNVs) and insertions/deletions (indels)). Since then, Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) has been increasingly introduced in the diagnosis of rare diseases as WGS allows the simultaneous detection of SNVs, Structural Variants (SVs) and other types of variants such as repeat expansions. The use of WGS in diagnostics warrants the re-evaluation and update of previously published guidelines. This work was jointly initiated by EuroGentest and the Horizon2020 project Solve-RD. Statements from the 2016 guidelines have been reviewed in the context of WGS and updated where necessary. The aim of these recommendations is primarily to list the points to consider for clinical (laboratory) geneticists, bioinformaticians, and (non-)geneticists, to provide technical advice, aid clinical decision-making and the reporting of the results

CONFIGURATIONAL HYSTERESIS IN DOMAIN STRUCTURES : A STUDY BY IMAGE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES

Image processing allows to measure the changes induced by field cycles in a domain structure. Irreversibility and stabilization effects are discussed in terms of metastability due to frustrated dipolar energies

New resistance against downy mildew and lettuce mosaic potyvirus in wild Lactuca spp

New European isolates of B. lactucae and of LMV are able to overcome the disease resistance genes used in commercial varieties. Wild Lactuca spp. constitute a large pool for new genes. Several new re- sistance genes against European B. lactucae isolates were identified in wild Lactuca species and intro- duced in L. sativa lines. The resistance from two L. virosa accessions was efficient against every isolate. The results suggested at least 2 dominant genes in each accession controlled the resistance (2 independent in one accession, two tightly linked in the other one). A complete stable resistance was observed in artificial tests with absence of spores. Therefore, this resistance was assumed to be comparable to Dm gene. The spectra of resistance of lines derived from two L. saligna were similar with resistance from cv. Ninja. This mechanism seems more complex than Dm gene with apparition of late and sparse sporulation on many plants in some segregating populations. This late sporulation was also observed in some commercial varieties and other INRA resistant lines derived from L. serriola. In a large collection of different Lactuca spp., one L. virosa (PIVT1398), was identified as resistant to different European LMV isolates overcoming mo11 or mo12 genes. A study of L. virosa segregating F2 population suggested one major dominant gene for this resistance. Mo3 was proposed to designate this gene. Its expression in heterozygous plant was variable with different isolates. Its expression was consistent with a dominant gene against LMV-0, but incomplete dominant gene against LMV-13 (necrotic phenotype). The introgression of this gene in L. sativa is in progress despite several difficulties. An accumulation in one genotype of several resistance genes against each disease could be a strategy to increase the durability of these new genes