The Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Stress Management and Grammatical Mental Imagery with Cognitive Processing on Negative Mood, Cognitive Regulation of Emotion and Quality of Life in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Background: Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal dysfunction with some psychological disorders. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral stress management (CBSM) and grammatical mental imagery with cognitive processing on reducing negative mood (depression and anxiety), cognitive regulation of emotion, and quality of life (QoL) in patients with IBS. Methods: The study was a quasi-experimental one with pre-test and post-test and a control group. The statistical population included all male and female patients with IBS referred to Besat Gastroenterology Clinic in Tehran. The sample size of the present study was estimated to be 75 people who were randomly assigned to the CBSM group (n=25), the grammatical imaging experiment with cognitive processing (n=25), and the control group (n=25) by lottery method without replacement. The Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ), Life Quality Questionnaire (SF-36), Beck's Depression Inventory, and The Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was used to collect data. Results: The results of covariance analysis showed that CBSM therapy and grammatical mental imagery with cognitive processing were effective in reducing negative mood (depression and anxiety), cognitive regulation of emotion, and QoL (Pvalue=0.001). The results of covariance analysis also showed a significant difference between CBSM and grammatical mental imagery with cognitive processing only in terms of QoL. There was no significant difference between CBSM and grammatical mental imagery with cognitive processing in reducing negative mood (depression and anxiety), and cognitive emotion regulation. Conclusions: According to the results, CBSM therapy and grammatical mental imagery with cognitive processing increase the QoL and reduce negative emotions in patients with IBS. Keywords: Grammatical mental imagery, Cognitive-behavioral, Stress management, Quality of life, Irritable bowel syndrom

Effect of Citrus aurantium Aroma on the Happiness of Pre-Hospital Emergency Staff: A Randomized Controlled Trial

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Modeling the relationship between teacher\'s enthusiasm and students\' academic cheating behavior: The mediating role of academic motivation

Background: Academic cheating behavior is one of the challenging issues in educational environments. This structure has become a global concern in current educational environments and has a significant scope in educational systems. The problem is that the relationships of various variables with academic cheating behavior have been confirmed, but the relationships of variables such as teacher's job enthusiasm and academic motivation have been neglected in the form of structural relationships, and there is a major research gap in this field. Aims: The present study was conducted with the aim of modeling the relationship between teacher's enthusiasm and students' academic cheating behavior with the mediating role of academic motivation. Methods: The method of the present research was applied in terms of purpose and correlational in terms of the nature of the data. The statistical population of the present study included all teachers (N = 1267) and students (N = 2621) of secondary schools in Damghan city in the academic year of 1400-1401. Among the statistical population, 460 teachers (310 women, 150 men) and 460 students (255 girls, 205 boys) were selected by multi-stage random cluster sampling. The teachers responded to the job enthusiasm scale (Schaufeli,2013) and the students responded to the academic motivation scale (vallerand et al,1992) and Academic cheating scale (Murdock & Stephens, 2007). Analysis of research data was done through structural equation modeling with SPSS24 and AMOS26 software. Results: The results of structural equation modeling showed that the data had an acceptable fit with the conceptual model and was confirmed.) RMSEA = 0.065, CFI = 0.90, IFI = 0.90, NFI = 0.91, and X2 /df=2.89). Also, according to the structural model of the research, job enthusiasm had a significant effect on academic motivation (0.34) and academic cheating behavior (-0.21), academic motivation had a significant effect on academic cheating behavior (-0.29). Also, the relationship between job enthusiasm and academic cheating through academic motivation was significant (-0.10) Conclusion: It seems that the results of this research can provide useful information for educational officials, researchers, educational consultants in order to increase teachers' job enthusiasm and reduce students' academic problems

Strategies for Strengthening Community Trust in Health services Providers from a Religious Education Perspective

زمینه و هدف: اعتماد بیماران به ارائه‌دهندگان خدمات بهداشتی و درمانی، هسته و عنصر اصلی نظام سلامت است که منجر به ارتقای سلامت و رفاه بیماران می‌شود. هدف این پژوهش، بررسی راهکارهای تقویت و ارتقای اعتماد جامعه به ارائه‌دهندگان خدمات سلامت از منظر اسلام می‌باشد. مواد و روش‌ها: این پژوهش با مراجعه به قران کریم و دیگر منابع اسلامی، رهنمود‌های پیشوایان معصوم (ع) انجام شده است. آیات و روایات وارده در این مسأله ذیل 26 مؤلفه جمع‌آوری شد. مؤلفه‌های دارای نقش مثبت به عنوان عوامل اعتمادساز و مؤلفه دارای نقش منفی به عنوان موانع دسته‌بندی شدند. یافته‌ها: از نظر منابع دینی مراعات اخلاق حرفه‌ای، تقدس هدف، مسؤولیت‌پذیری، به کارگیری واژه‌های امیدبخش، دقت در امر معاینات و شنیدن سخن بیماران از مهم‌ترین عوامل اعتمادساز هستند. دنیاپرستی، عدم درک مادی و معنوی بیمار از مهم‌ترین موانع تحقق اعتمادند. ملاحظات اخلاقی: در انتخاب، گزارش یافته‌ها و استناددهی متون، امانتداری رعایت شده است. نتیجه‌گیری: علاوه بر آموزش‌های دانشگاهی برای ارائه‌دهندگان خدمات سلامت در خصوص اعتمادسازی در بیماران، ضروری است کارگاه‌ها و همایش‌ها و آموزش‌های ضمن خدمت برای آنان در خصوص نحوه اعتمادسازی از تعالیم متون اسلامی برگزار شود تا ضمن رشد آگاهی آنان، زمینه ارتقای سلامت جامعه فراهم گردد.Background and Aim: Patients' trust in health care providers is the core element of the health system that promotes patients' health and well-being. The purpose of this study is to explore ways to strengthen and increase community trust in health providers from the Islamic perspective. Materials and Methods: Religious teachings, that have shown guidelines for humans’ health and happiness, have also presented some ways to this important issue. In this research, the instructions have been extracted from the Islamic references, containing the Holy Quran and the Innocent Leaders’ guidelines and have been analyzed. The Quranic Verses and Hadiths were listed under twenty-six titles. The factors having positive roles were categorized as the ‘Confidence’ factors and the ones having negative roles as the ‘hinders’ ones. Findings: From the viewpoint of religious references, considering the professional morals, sacredness of purposes, responsibility, using hopeful words, being careful in medical examination and listening to the patients are the most important confiding factors. Being secular and not physically and spiritually understanding of the patient are the most important hindering factors for confidence. Ethical Considerations: In selecting, reporting the findings and citing the texts, honestly and trusteeship has been observed. Conclusion: In addition to academic teachings on health confidence, there should be workshops, seminars and in-service training on making patients’ confidence in presenters of health services, with reference to Islamic teachings, in order to inform them and to enhance the level of social health.   Cite this article as: Mahdavi-Nejad GH-H, Ghorbani R, Malek F, Sotodeh Asl N. Strategies for Strengthening Community Trust in Health services Providers from a Religious Education Perspective. Med Ethics J 2020; 14(45): e23

The Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Stress Management and Grammatical Mental Imagery with Cognitive Processing on Negative Mood, Cognitive Regulation of Emotion and Quality of Life in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Background: Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal dysfunction with some psychological disorders. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral stress management (CBSM) and grammatical mental imagery with cognitive processing on reducing negative mood (depression and anxiety), cognitive regulation of emotion, and quality of life (QoL) in patients with IBS. Methods: The study was a quasi-experimental one with pre-test and post-test and a control group. The statistical population included all male and female patients with IBS referred to Besat Gastroenterology Clinic in Tehran. The sample size of the present study was estimated to be 75 people who were randomly assigned to the CBSM group (n=25), the grammatical imaging experiment with cognitive processing (n=25), and the control group (n=25) by lottery method without replacement. The Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ), Life Quality Questionnaire (SF-36), Beck's Depression Inventory, and The Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was used to collect data. Results: The results of covariance analysis showed that CBSM therapy and grammatical mental imagery with cognitive processing were effective in reducing negative mood (depression and anxiety), cognitive regulation of emotion, and QoL (Pvalue=0.001). The results of covariance analysis also showed a significant difference between CBSM and grammatical mental imagery with cognitive processing only in terms of QoL. There was no significant difference between CBSM and grammatical mental imagery with cognitive processing in reducing negative mood (depression and anxiety), and cognitive emotion regulation. Conclusions: According to the results, CBSM therapy and grammatical mental imagery with cognitive processing increase the QoL and reduce negative emotions in patients with IBS. Keywords: Grammatical mental imagery, Cognitive-behavioral, Stress management, Quality of life, Irritable bowel syndrom

Effect of Citrus aurantium Aroma on the Happiness of Pre-Hospital Emergency Staff : A Randomized Controlled Trial

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