Using Genetic Algorithms for Texts Classification Problems

The avalanche quantity of the information developed by mankind has led to concept of automation of knowledge extraction - Data Mining ([1]). This direction is connected with a wide spectrum of problems - from recognition of the fuzzy set to creation of search machines. Important component of Data Mining is processing of the text information. Such problems lean on concept of classification and clustering ([2]). Classification consists in definition of an accessory of some element (text) to one of in advance created classes. Clustering means splitting a set of elements (texts) on clusters which quantity are defined by localization of elements of the given set in vicinities of these some natural centers of these clusters. Realization of a problem of classification initially should lean on the given postulates, basic of which - the aprioristic information on primary set of texts and a measure of affinity of elements and classes.Comment: 16 pages, exposed on 5th International Conference "Actualities and Perspectives on Hardware and Software" - APHS2009, Timisoara, Romani

Метод приближенного анализа взаимодействия материала с валками в вибровалковом измельчителе

The article presents the results of a study of the process of material grinding in roller aggregates with various kinematic features. As the object of research, the design of a vibroroller unit is selected, which has great prospects for use in production. A characteristic feature of this unit is a significant influence on the grinding process of inertia forces. As the main method of research in relation to the movement of the working bodies of the roller and vibroroller shredder and the crushed material, a method of modeling is adopted. It is presented an approximate analysis of the interaction of the crushed material in roll units with rolls. The crushed material is modeled by a set of horizontal elementary layers. At the first stage, the material is crushed in rolls with constant kinematic parameters. Analytical dependencies of the roll pressure on the material are established. At the second stage, the grinding of materials in a vibroroller shredder is considered. A distinctive feature of the vibroroller shredder is the presence of an eccentrically installed roll. The variant is presented when the eccentric performs a curvilinear translational motion, and the roll performs harmonic fluctuation (vibrations) along the coordinate axes with an amplitude of e. The resulting inertia forces and oscillatory motions of the roll are considered. The analysis of the total force in the unit under consideration, which makes it possible to implement crushing-shear and vibration effects on the crushed material, is carried out. The force interaction of the roll with the material is described by two systems of forces: the elastic forces resulting from the contraction of the model layers according to Hooke’s law, and the forces caused by the vibration of the roll (inertia forces). The results obtained are of practical importance in the design of roller units and vibration equipment, as well as for the analysis of the operation of such designs of grinders.Представлены результаты исследования процесса измельчения материала в валковых агрегатах с различными кинематическими особенностями. В качестве объекта исследования выбрана конструкция вибровалкового агрегата, имеющего большие перспективы использования в производстве. Характерной особенностью такого агрегата является значительное влияние на процесс измельчения сил инерции. В качестве основного метода исследования принят метод моделирования, причем применительно к движению рабочих органов валкового и вибровалкового измельчителя и измельчаемого материала. Представлен приближенный анализ взаимодействия измельчаемого материала в валковых агрегатах с валками. Измельчаемый материал моделируется совокупностью горизонтальных элементарных слоев. На первом этапе представлено измельчение материала в валках с постоянными кинематическими параметрами. Установлены аналитические зависимости давления валков на материал. На втором этапе рассмотрено измельчение материалов в вибровалковом измельчителе. Отличительной особенностью вибровалкового измельчителя является наличие эксцентрично установленного валка. Представлен вариант, когда эксцентрик выполняет криволинейно-поступательное движение, а валок совершает гармонические колебания (вибрации) вдоль осей координат с амплитудой е. Рассмотрены возникающие при этом силы инерции и колебательные движения валка. Проведен анализ суммарного усилия в рассматриваемом агрегате, позволяющем реализовать раздавливающе-сдвиговое и вибрационное воздействия на измельчаемый материал. Силовое взаимодействие валка с материалом описано двумя системами сил: силами упругости, возникающими в результате сокращения модельных слоев согласно закону Гука, и силами, вызванными вибрацией валка (силами инерции). Полученные результаты имеют практическую значимость при проектировании валковых агрегатов и вибрационной техники, а также для анализа работы подобных конструкций измельчителей

Alpha-particle-induced complex chromosome exchanges transmitted through extra-thymic lymphopoiesis in vitro show evidence of emerging genomic instability

Human exposure to high-linear energy transfer α-particles includes environmental (e.g. radon gas and its decay progeny), medical (e.g. radiopharmaceuticals) and occupational (nuclear industry) sources. The associated health risks of α-particle exposure for lung cancer are well documented however the risk estimates for leukaemia remain uncertain. To further our understanding of α-particle effects in target cells for leukaemogenesis and also to seek general markers of individual exposure to α-particles, this study assessed the transmission of chromosomal damage initially-induced in human haemopoietic stem and progenitor cells after exposure to high-LET α-particles. Cells surviving exposure were differentiated into mature T-cells by extra-thymic T-cell differentiation in vitro. Multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridisation (M-FISH) analysis of naïve T-cell populations showed the occurrence of stable (clonal) complex chromosome aberrations consistent with those that are characteristically induced in spherical cells by the traversal of a single α-particle track. Additionally, complex chromosome exchanges were observed in the progeny of irradiated mature T-cell populations. In addition to this, newly arising de novo chromosome aberrations were detected in cells which possessed clonal markers of α-particle exposure and also in cells which did not show any evidence of previous exposure, suggesting ongoing genomic instability in these populations. Our findings support the usefulness and reliability of employing complex chromosome exchanges as indicators of past or ongoing exposure to high-LET radiation and demonstrate the potential applicability to evaluate health risks associated with α-particle exposure.This work was supported by the Department of Health, UK. Contract RRX95 (RMA NSDTG)

The global adaptation mapping initiative (GAMI): Part 2 – Screening protocol

Context: It is now widely accepted that the climate is changing, and that societal response will need to be rapid and comprehensive to prevent the most severe impacts. A key milestone in global climate governance is to assess progress on adaptation. To-date, however, there has been negligible robust, systematic synthesis of progress on adaptation or adaptation-relevant responses globally. Aim: The purpose of this review protocol is to outline the methods used by the Global Adaptation Mapping Initiative (GAMI) to systematically review human adaptation responses to climate-related changes that have been documented globally since 2013 in the scientific literature. The broad question underpinning this review is: Are we adapting to climate change? More specifically, we ask ‘what is the evidence relating to human adaptation-related responses that can (or are) directly reducing risk, exposure, and/or vulnerability to climate change?’ Methods: We review scientific literature 2013-2019 to identify documents empirically reporting on observed adaptation-related responses to climate change in human systems that can directly reduce risk. We exclude non-empirical (theoretical & conceptual) literature and adaptation in natural systems that occurs without human intervention. Included documents were coded across a set of questions focused on: Who is responding? What responses are documented? What is the extent of the adaptation-related response? What is the evidence that adaptation-related responses reduce risk, exposure and/or vulnerability? Once articles are coded, we conduct a quality appraisal of the coding and develop ‘evidence packages’ for regions and sectors. We supplement this systematic mapping with an expert elicitation exercise, undertaken to assess bias and validity of insights from included/coded literature vis a vis perceptions of real-world adaptation for global regions and sectors, with associated confidence assessments. Related protocols: This protocol represents Part 2 of a 5-part series outlining the phases of methods for this initiative. Part 2 outlines the methods used to conduct keyword searches and implement machine-assisted screening of documents based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. See Figures 1 and 2

Heterometallic Coordination Polymers Assembled from Trigonal Trinuclear Fe₂Ni-Pivalate Blocks and Polypyridine Spacers: Topological Diversity, Sorption, and Catalytic Properties

Linkage of the trigonal complex [Fe₂NiO­(Piv)₆] (where Piv^– = pivalate) by a series of polypyridine ligands, namely, tris­(4-pyridyl)­triazine (L²), 2,6-bis­(3-pyridyl)-4-(4-pyridyl)­pyridine (L³), <i>N</i>-(bis-2,2-(4-pyridyloxymethyl)-3-(4-pyridyloxy)­propyl))­pyridone-4 (L⁴), and 4-(<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-diethylamino)­phenyl-bis-2,6-(4-pyridyl)­pyridine (L⁵) resulted in the formation of novel coordination polymers [Fe₂NiO­(Piv)₆(L²)]_<i>n</i> (<b>2</b>), [Fe₂NiO­(Piv)₆(L³)]_<i>n</i> (<b>3</b>), [Fe₂NiO­(Piv)₆(L⁴)]_<i>n</i>·<i>n</i>HPiv (<b>4</b>), and [{Fe₂NiO­(Piv)₆}₄{L⁵}₆]<i>_n</i>·3<i>n</i>DEF (<b>5</b>, where DEF is <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-diethylformamide), which were crystallographically characterized. The topological analysis of <b>3</b>, <b>4</b>, and <b>5</b> disclosed the 3,3,4,4-connected 2D (<b>3</b>, <b>4</b>) or 3,4,4-connected 1D (<b>5</b>) underlying networks which, upon further simplification, gave rise to the uninodal 3-connected nets with the respective fes (<b>3</b>, <b>4</b>) or SP 1-periodic net (4,4)­(0,2) (<b>5</b>) topologies, driven by the cluster [Fe₂Ni­(μ₃-O)­(μ-Piv)₆] nodes and the polypyridine μ₃-L^3,4 or μ₂-L⁵ blocks. The obtained topologies were compared with those identified in other closely related derivatives [Fe₂NiO­(Piv)₆(L¹)]_<i>n</i> (<b>1</b>) and {Fe₂NiO­(Piv)₆}₈{L⁶}₁₂ (<b>6</b>), where L¹ and L⁶ are tris­(4-pyridyl)­pyridine and 4-(<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-dimethylamino)­phenyl-bis-2,6-(4-pyridyl)­pyridine, respectively. It was shown that a key structure-driven role in defining the dimensionality and topology of the resulting coordination network is played by the type of polypyridine spacer. Compounds <b>2</b> and <b>3</b> possess a porous structure, as confirmed by the N₂ and H₂ sorption data at 78 K. Methanol and ethanol sorption by <b>2</b> was also studied indicating that the pores filled by these substrates did not induce any structural rearrangement of this sorbent. Additionally, porous coordination polymer <b>2</b> was also applied as a heterogeneous catalyst for the condensation of salicylaldehyde or 9-anthracenecarbaldehyde with malononitrile. The best activity of <b>2</b> was observed in the case of salicylaldehyde substrate, resulting in up to 88% conversion into 2-imino-2<i>H</i>-chromen-3-carbonitrile

A systematic global stocktake of evidence on human adaptation to climate change

Assessing global progress on human adaptation to climate change is an urgent priority. Although the literature on adaptation to climate change is rapidly expanding, little is known about the actual extent of implementation. We systematically screened &gt;48,000 articles using machine learning methods and a global network of 126 researchers. Our synthesis of the resulting 1,682 articles presents a systematic and comprehensive global stocktake of implemented human adaptation to climate change. Documented adaptations were largely fragmented, local and incremental, with limited evidence of transformational adaptation and negligible evidence of risk reduction outcomes. We identify eight priorities for global adaptation research: assess the effectiveness of adaptation responses, enhance the understanding of limits to adaptation, enable individuals and civil society to adapt, include missing places, scholars and scholarship, understand private sector responses, improve methods for synthesizing different forms of evidence, assess the adaptation at different temperature thresholds, and improve the inclusion of timescale and the dynamics of responses