Agrarökonomische Szenarien zur Verwertung von Klärschlämmen und Bioabfallkomposten in Nordrhein-Westfalen im Jahr 2005

Mit dem Computersimulationsprogramm RAUMIS werden vor dem Hintergrund der gemeinsamen Agrarpolitik der EU und der regional unterschiedlichen Klärschlamm-und Bioabfallanfallmengen die regionalen Absatzmöglichkeiten in der Landwirtschaft für das Jahr 2005 in verschiedenen Szenarien für das Bundesland Nordrhein-Westfalen (NRW) ermittelt. Die übergeordnete Zielkomponente im System besteht in der Gewinnmaximierung der landwirtschaftlichen Unternehmen, wobei das Modellsystem neben züchterischen Erfolgen und Fortschritten in der Fütterung auch die zu erwartenden Flächenstillegungen und -umwidmungen berücksichtigt. Für die Berechnungen ist angenommen worden, daß maximal 80 % der in NRW anfallenden Klärschlämme und maximal 50 % der in NRW anfallenden Bioabfall-komposte für eine potentielle landwirtschaftliche Verwertung zur Verfügung stehen. Je nach Szenariovoreinstellung werden, z.T. auch im kombinierten Wirkungsschemata, die Versorgungsstufen des Bodens an P2 O5 (und K2 O) in unterschiedlichem Umfang berücksichtigt, Pachtflächen für die Verwertung zugänglich gemacht, Bioabfallkomposte auf intensiv bewirtschafteten Wiesen verwertet, die Transporte der Sekundärrohstoffdünger von der Kompostanlage bzw. der Kläranlage zum Feld von den Landwirten vorgenommen, die Bioabfälle von den Landwirten in Eigenregie kompostiert und Klärschlammtransporte auch über die Kreishofgrenzen (i.d.R. Landkreisgrenze) hinaus zugelassen, wobei diese aber auf das Land NRW beschränkt bleiben. Die Schattenpreise zur landwirtschaftlichen Verwertung ergeben sich aus der Kostenstruktur der regional preisgünstigsten anderweitigen Verwertungs- bzw. Entsorgungsalternative (Zementwerk bzw. Braunkohlekraftwerk) abzgl. der Beiträge für den Klärschlammhaftungsfonds und der Kosten der Bodenanalyse. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß die oftmals hohen bis sehr hohen P2 O5 -Gehalte der Ackerböden die Verwertungsmöglichkeiten insgesamt stark einschränken. Gleiches gilt, wenn die Verpächter nicht bereit sind ihre Flächen für die Sekundärrohstoff-düngerverwertung bereit zu stellen. Durch den Transport von Klärschlamm innerhalb des Landes NRW können diese beiden Effekte in ihrer quantitativen Bedeutung jedoch kompensiert werden. Es kann sogar, je nach Ausgestaltung der Rahmenbedingungen, der für die Landwirtschaft als potentiell zugänglich erachtete Klärschlammpool (80 % des Gesamtanfalls) zu einem knappen Gut für die Landwirte gemacht werden, so daß sich echte Marktpreise im Sinne von Knappheitspreisen bei dessen Verwertung auch in NRW herausbilden könnten. Dies ist insbesondere vor dem Hintergrund der sehr hohen durchschnittlichen Einwohnerzahlen in diesem Bundesland bemerkenswert. Um dieses Ziel zu erreichen sind besonders die größeren Abwasserverbänden aufge-fordert, verbesserte Logistikkonzepte auszuarbeiten. In deren Folge könnten alle Kommunen und Abwasserverbände des Landes NRW erhebliche Kostenein-sparungen bei der Abgabe von Klärschlamm und Bioabfallkompost erzielen.Agroeconomical scenarios about the use of sewage sludge and biowaste-composts in Northrhine-Westfalia in the year 2005 The computer simulation program RAUMIS is used to calculate the marketing possibilities of regional sewage sludge- and biowaste compost amount in the agricultural sector of Northrhine-Westfalia (NRW). RAUMIS is an agroeconomic program, which takes also the common agricultural policy of the EU into account. Besides this, also the progress concerning the breeding of plants and fodder-technology, the set-aside scheme and the use for road construction etc. is taken into consideration. During all calculations, RAUMIS maximises the income of the farmers.This aim is of overriding importance. It is assumed in all calculations that at the most up to 80 % of the total sewage sludge amount in NRW and up to 50 % of the total biowaste-compost amount in NRW can be used for agricultural purposes. Depending on the scenario the nutrient concentrations of the soils concerning P2 O5 (and K2 O) are taken into account in various variants, leased areas can be used to spread sewage sludge or biowaste composts on, biowaste-composts can be used on intensively cultivated meadows, the transport of sewage sludge and biowaste-compost from the treatment plant to the field is organized by the farmers, the farmers compost the biowastes as well, sewage sludge can be transport across the regional borderlines as long as the sludge stays in NRW The sum paid to the farmers for using sewage sludge and biowaste-composts depends on the amount which the waste-water-associations and communities has to pay in case they have to burn it in brown coal power stations or in the cement industries. From this sum, the costs for the sewage sludge fonds and for the soil analysis needs to be deducted. The results show, that the high P2 O5 -concentrations of the soils are one of the important limiting factor. The same effect can be observed, if the landloards are not accepting the use of sewage sludge and biowaste-composts on their land. The quantity of both effects can be more than compensated, if sewadge sludge is transported across the regional borderlines within NRW. It is even possible, depending the the selected scenario, that the whole available sewage sludge pool, which is accessible to the agricultural sector (80 % of the total amount) could become a rare good for the farmers, so that real market prices can be established. Because the density of the population in NRW is extremely high, this fact is remarkable. In order to reach this target, especially the big waste-water-associations will have to improve their logistical concepts. In case these concepts will be brought into action, all waste-water-associations and communities in NRW would be able to save a great deal of money

The Ursinus Weekly, October 8, 1970

Pettit inauguration scheduled; Appointments still undetermined • Ursinus institutes security measures to protect students • Obituaries: Dr. Paul R. Wagner; Nora Shuler Helfferich • Ashley Montagu appears in first Forum program • Editorial: Generation politics • Focus: Art Severance • Dr. Donald L. Helfferich: A zest for life • Kilt-klad\u27s komment • Diplomat aerials trip Bears in season debut • C C streak to nine; Albert sets record • Bears register second defeathttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/weekly/1128/thumbnail.jp

The Ursinus Weekly, October 8, 1970

Pettit inauguration scheduled; Appointments still undetermined • Ursinus institutes security measures to protect students • Obituaries: Dr. Paul R. Wagner; Nora Shuler Helfferich • Ashley Montagu appears in first Forum program • Editorial: Generation politics • Focus: Art Severance • Dr. Donald L. Helfferich: A zest for life • Kilt-klad\u27s komment • Diplomat aerials trip Bears in season debut • C C streak to nine; Albert sets record • Bears register second defeathttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/weekly/1128/thumbnail.jp

The Ursinus Weekly, December 10, 1970

Faculty action approves Student Life Committee • Student Union plans drag as committees deliberate • 33rd Messiah tonight • U.C. Forum features only Japanese mime performing in West • Frosh auction slaves • Ursinus tops $2.9 million loyalty drive • Fast planned for Pakistan • Editorial: Towards a brighter tomorrow • Letters to the editor: Over-sexed roommate; Scientist\u27s reply; Reign of terror; Love is just a four-letter word • S.F.A.R.C. minutes • The Super Bowl • Administration answers: Richard Whatley • Insight: The Academic Council • Fidler on the wax: Home by Procul Harum • Harriers place third in Middle Atlantic Conference • Injuries cramp style of Ursinus hoopmenhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/weekly/1134/thumbnail.jp

The Ursinus Weekly, April 30, 1970

Bomberger changes considered by UCC • Alan Cary Gold re-appointed editor-in-chief of Weekly • Y officers elected; John Gray president • Pettit announces changes in faculty for next Fall • Bill of Rights draft revised for students • Bozorth announces dress code • Editorial: Statement of purpose • Focus: Mike Mangan • The Ursinus Student Bill of Rights • From the other side: Victory in Vietnam • Faculty portrait: Dean Richard Bozorth • UC chemists first • Letters to the editor: Earth Day; Another side; Pater noster revisited • Would you believe? • Shuman leads Bears over F&M, W. Maryland • PMC defeat avenged as Albert triumphs • Contemplations: Glorious revolutionhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/weekly/1159/thumbnail.jp

The Ursinus Weekly, October 29, 1970

Students welcomed at inauguration of Pettit • S.F.A.R.C. to create council • Nancy Hunt crowned 1970 Ursinus Queen • Dr. Rice honored by Swedish King • ProTheatre presents Zopo; Julius Caesar to follow • \u2771 Ruby plans expanded scope • Editorial: Question • Letters to the editor: Sloppy riot; Editorial kudos; Write-up thanks • UC College Scholars Program attracts fewer scholars yearly • Joint student statement on Board meeting • Statement on student freedoms • Teaching aid • Bears edge Swarthmore in Homecoming triumph • Garnet nips Harriers; Albert suffers defeathttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/weekly/1130/thumbnail.jp

The Ursinus Weekly, November 12, 1970

Alan Novak resigns as USGA President • Pettit inaugurated President at Founders\u27 Day convocation • Ambassador Daniel Nyaho addresses Forum audience • False alarms • Editorial: In correspondence • Student Committee statement • Election committee counts ballots • Craft appointed legal chairman • Wanted: Fearless leader • Administration answers: Dean Ruth Harris • Draftees killed at higher rates than enlisted men in U.S. Army • Bill Hafer schedules Mock U.N. Conference • U.C. Bears trip Dickinson; Adrian marches onward • Harriers win twice; Next target: MACs • Bakermen score 1st victory over Haverford since WW2https://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/weekly/1132/thumbnail.jp

The Ursinus Weekly, February 18, 1971

Undemocratic election offers Jim Stellar as USGA President • Lack of UC safety and security irritates students and SFARC • John Gray accepts Union Pilot position • Governor\u27s Ball elegant, festive • I.B.M. matches gifts from Ursinus alumni • Mandatory Forum program • Pen & Ink off-limits • Editorial: The quality of mercy • First semester Dean\u27s list • In the spotlight: Mike Flad, security guard • Letters to the editor: Whistler Donahue; Sterling tarnished; Unsatisfied sibling • Put up or shut up • Winter track news • UC netmen fall to Mules after win over Hopkinshttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/weekly/1137/thumbnail.jp

The Ursinus Weekly, March 18, 1971

Flott on Indo-China, Richette on justice featured in Forums • Students criticize curriculum; art expansion most favored • Know your rights • State of our prisons: Ursinus students succeed at breaking in • Editorial: Ready or not, here we come • Letters to the editor: Parting shot; One year later; Plaid panned; Off the grass; Pathetic reformers • Movie critic: Academy awards • Faculty portrait: Dr. John J. Heilemann • Trackmen grab MAC title • UC grapplers finish 8-2, best season in 15 yearshttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/weekly/1141/thumbnail.jp

The Ursinus Weekly, April 1, 1971

Pilot group sets guidelines for Ursinus Student Union • UC morality survey tabulated; Sophomore promiscuity revealed • Chapter scholars named • April social life • State of our prisons: Prisoners relate restrictive conditions at Graterford • Editorial: Unsightly minority • Focus: Warren Cohen • Shrunken heads • From the editor\u27s desk: Twenty-five months later • Movie critic: Lovers and other strangers; Cold turkey • Lana addresses Psychology Club • USGA consolidated notes • Team prepares for Swarthmore; Gurzynski hopeful for M.A.C. • Sports corner • Snellbelles vie in Delaware hoop tourney • Baseball previewhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/weekly/1143/thumbnail.jp