Convolutional Goppa Codes

We define Convolutional Goppa Codes over algebraic curves and construct their corresponding dual codes. Examples over the projective line and over elliptic curves are described, obtaining in particular some Maximum-Distance Separable (MDS) convolutional codes.Comment: 8 pages, submitted to IEEE Trans. Inform. Theor

The NADPH oxidase NOX4 regulates redox and metabolic homeostasis preventing HCC progression

Background and Aims: The NADPH oxidase NOX4 plays a tumor-suppressor function in HCC. Silencing NOX4 confers higher proliferative and migratory capacity to HCC cells and increases their in vivo tumorigenic potential in xenografts in mice. NOX4 gene deletions are frequent in HCC, correlating with higher tumor grade and worse recurrence-free and overall survival rates. However, despite the accumulating evidence of a protective regulatory role in HCC, the cellular processes governed by NOX4 are not yet understood. Accordingly, the aim of this work was to better understand the molecular mechanisms regulated by NOX4 in HCC in order to explain its tumor-suppressor action. Approach and Results: Experimental models: cell-based loss or gain of NOX4 function experiments, in vivo hepatocarcinogenesis induced by diethylnitrosamine in Nox4-deficient mice, and analyses in human HCC samples. Methods include cellular and molecular biology analyses, proteomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics, as well as histological and immunohistochemical analyses in tissues. Results identified MYC as being negatively regulated by NOX4. MYC mediated mitochondrial dynamics and a transcriptional program leading to increased oxidative metabolism, enhanced use of both glucose and fatty acids, and an overall higher energetic capacity and ATP level. NOX4 deletion induced a redox imbalance that augmented nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activity and was responsible for MYC up-regulation. Conclusions: Loss of NOX4 in HCC tumor cells induces metabolic reprogramming in a Nrf2/MYC-dependent manner to promote HCC progressionAgència de Gestió d’Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca, Grant/Award Number: 2017SGR1015; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Grant/Award Number: CB17/04/00017 and CB06/04/0017; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Grant/Award Number: CB06/07/0017; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Grant/Award Number: CB07/08/0017; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Spain: FPI fellowships: BES-2016-077564, PRE2019-089144, Grant/Award Number: PID2019-106209RB-I00, PID2019-108674RB-100, SAF2015-64149-R, RTI2018-094079-B-100, PID2021-122551OB-I00 and RED2018-102576-T; Science Foundation Ireland, Grant/Award Number: 16/IA/450

Mejora de las propiedades termoeléctricas de Bi2Sr2Co1.8Ox por métodos de síntesis en disolución

[EN]: Several solution synthetic methods, sol-gel and a polymeric route, have been studied in order to obtain Bi 2Sr 2Co 1.8O x ceramics with improved thermoelectric properties, compared to the classical solid state reaction. The products obtained by these different methods have been compared using DTA-TGA, powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and thermoelectric characterizations. All the samples obtained by solution synthesis show higher homogeneity and lower content of secondary phases. The main differences in thermoelectrical properties are due to the decrease of electrical resistivity in samples obtained by solution methods, compared with the solid state obtained samples. Between them, the decrease is especially high for those samples prepared by the polymer solution method. Therefore, the polymeric solution synthesis route is shown to yield a power factor four times higher than the obtained for the solid state and sol-gel methods at room temperature.[ES]: Se han obtenido cerámicas termoeléctricas Bi2Sr2Co1.8Ox utilizando varios métodos de síntesis, el clásico por estado sólido, sol-gel y de matriz polimérica. Se han comparado los productos obtenidos por las diferentes vías a través de técnicas de DTA-TGA, difracción de rayos X en polvo, microscopía electrónica de barrido y de caracterización termoeléctrica. Todas las muestras obtenidas por los métodos en disolución poseen una mayor homogeneidad y menor contenido de fases secundarias. La principal diferencia en las propiedades termoeléctricas es debida a la disminución de la resistividad eléctrica en las muestras obtenidas por medio de métodos en disolución, comparado con las que se obtienen por estado sólido. Entre ellas, la reducción de la resistividad es mucho mayor para las que se obtienen por el método de matriz polimérica. Además, los materiales obtenidos por este último método poseen un factor de potencia, a temperatura ambiente, cuatro veces mayor que el obtenido en las sintetizadas por los otros dos métodos estudiados.This research has been supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation-FEDER (Project MAT2008-00429). The authors wish to thank the Gobierno de Aragón (Consolidated Research Groups T12 and T87) for financial support.Peer Reviewe

A Male Poecillid's Sexually Dimorphic Body Plan, Behavior, and Nervous System

Here we review the literature of a male poecillid's sexually dimorphic body plan, behavior, and nervous system, including work dating from the mid 1800s to the mid 1990s as well as work in press or in preparation for publication. Rosa-Molinar described the remodeling of the sexually dimorphic anal fin appendicular support, confirmed earlier claims about the development of the male and female secondary sex characteristics in the Western Mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis and provided for the first time direct embryonic evidence suggesting that remodeling of the sexually dimorphic anal fin appendicular support is biphasic. The first process begins in embryos and proceeds similarly in immature males and females; the second process occurs only in males and results in the anterior transposition of the anal fin and its appendicular support to the level of vertebra 11 [Rosa-Molinar E, Hendricks SE, Rodriguez-Sierra JF, Fritzsch B. 1994. Development of the anal fin appendicular support in the western mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis (Baird and Girard, 1854): a reinvestigation and reinterpretation. Acta Anat 151:20–35.] and the formation of a gonopodium used for internal fertilization. Studies using high-speed video cameras confirmed and extended Peden’s and others’ observations of copulatory behavior. The cameras showed that circumduction is a complex movement combining in a very fast sequence abduction, extension and pronation, S-start-type fast-start (defined as torque–thrust), and adduction movements. Recent work on the nervous system demonstrated dye-coupling between motor neurons and interneurons via gap junctions, suggesting an attractive substrate for the rapid motions involved in poecillid copulatory reflexes