Theoretical and experimental study of twisted and cambered delta wings designed for a Mach number of 3.5

Data are provided for the evaluation of the aerodynamic performance of a series of twisted and cambered delta wings designed for a Mach number of 3.5. Systematic force and pressure data are also presented for comparison with theory. Force tests were made at Mach numbers of 2.3, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, and 4.6. Design lift coefficients of 0.0 and 0.1 were employed on the 55 deg and 68 deg sweep wings, and design lift coefficients of 0.0, 0.05, and 0.1 were employed on the 76 deg sweep wings. Pressure tests were conducted on the 55 deg and 76 deg sweep flat wings and on the 0.1 design lift coefficient 76 deg sweep wing. The results indicate that for the sweep angles tested, an increase in the zero-lift pitching-moment coefficient is the primary benefit of twist and camber at a Mach number of 3.5. Comparison of the experimental results with results obtained from several lift theories indicates that the Carlson-Middleton linear theory method gave the best overall agreement. The pressure data indicate, however, that there is a cancellation of error at high angle of attack where the lower surface pressures are significantly underpredicted over the inboard region of the wing and where the upper and lower surface pressures are overpredicted over the outboard region of the wing

Trade Studies Relating to a Long Range Mach 2.6 Supercruiser

A systems study was conducted on an aircraft concept, representative of a supersonic-cruise military aircraft (supercruiser). The study results indicate that supersonic ranges in excess of 4000 n.mi. at a Mach number of 2.62 are possible with a 500 lbf class aircraft. Trade studies, to determine the sensitivity of supersonic range to parameters which would improve maneuverability, indicate that thrust-weight ratios of as much as 0.5 can be used without significantly decreasing supersonic range; however, increasing the thrust-weight ratio to 1.0 decreases the range capability by about 1100 n.mi. The range penalty for increasing the aircraft limit load-factor from 4.0 to 9.0 is about 500 n.mi. The increased fuel volume of several configurations improved the supersonic range capability by about 1200 n.mi. but, due to associated losses in supersonic L/D, had an insignificant effect on the range at a Mach number of 2.62

Measurement by wake momentum surveys at Mach 1.61 and 2.01 of turbulent boundary-layer skin friction on five swept wings

Measurement by wake momentum surveys at Mach 1.61 and 2.01 of turbulent boundary layer skin friction on five swept wing

Wind-tunnel/flight correlation study of aerodynamic characteristics of a large flexible supersonic cruise airplane (XB-701) 2: Extrapolation of wind-tunnel data to full-scale conditions

The results of calculations necessary to extrapolate performance data on an XB-70-1 wind tunnel model to full scale at Mach numbers from 0.76 to 2.53 are presented. The extrapolation was part of a joint program to evaluate performance prediction techniques for large flexible supersonic airplanes similar to a supersonic transport. The extrapolation procedure included: interpolation of the wind tunnel data at the specific conditions of the flight test points; determination of the drag increments to be applied to the wind tunnel data, such as spillage drag, boundary layer trip drag, and skin friction increments; and estimates of the drag items not represented on the wind tunnel model, such as bypass doors, roughness, protuberances, and leakage drag. In addition, estimates of the effects of flexibility of the airplane were determined

The balance between N-cadherin and E-cadherin orchestrates major neuroectodermal cell fate choices

Numerous cadherin proteins, including N‐cadherin (Ncad), E‐cadherin (Ecad), Cadherin‐11 (Cad11) and Cadherin‐7 (Cad7), are expressed in the developing neural plate as well as in neural crest cells as they delaminate from the newly closed neural tube. To clarify whether these proteins function independently or coordinately during development, we examined their relative expression in the cranial region of chick embryos. The results revealed surprising overlap of Ecad, Ncad and Cad7 in the neural tube, suggesting possible heterotypic interactions. Using a proximity ligation assay and co‐immunoprecipitation to test this hypothesis, we found that Ncad formed heterophilic complexes in the developing neural tube with Ecad. We also determined that modulation of either Ncad or Ecad levels led to reciprocal gain or reduction of the other cadherin protein. Altering levels of the two cadherin proteins affected the early fate specification of ectodermal derivatives, forcing an aberrant choice between neural crest and epidermal cells. Finally, we identified that the availability of β‐catenin plays a critical role in maintaining the balance between Ncad and Ecad in early development since co‐expression of activated β‐catenin rescues the Ncad‐overexpression phenotype. These results suggest that β‐catenin‐mediated balance of Ncad and Ecad proteins is critical for the normal development of the three ectodermal derivatives

A catenin-dependent balance between N-cadherin and E-cadherin controls neuroectodermal cell fate choices

Characterizing endogenous protein expression, interaction and function, this study identifies in vivo interactions and competitive balance between N-cadherin and E-cadherin in developing avian (Gallus gallus) neural and neural crest cells. Numerous cadherin proteins, including neural cadherin (Ncad) and epithelial cadherin (Ecad), are expressed in the developing neural plate as well as in neural crest cells as they delaminate from the newly closed neural tube. To clarify independent or coordinate function during development, we examined their expression in the cranial region. The results revealed surprising overlap and distinct localization of Ecad and Ncad in the neural tube. Using a proximity ligation assay and co-immunoprecipitation, we found that Ncad and Ecad formed heterotypic complexes in the developing neural tube, and that modulation of Ncad levels led to reciprocal gain or reduction of Ecad protein, which then alters ectodermal cell fate. Here, we demonstrate that the balance of Ecad and Ncad is dependent upon the availability of β-catenin proteins, and that alteration of either classical cadherin modifies the proportions of the neural crest and neuroectodermal cells that are specified

Oxidation-Reduction Characteristics of Chlorophenols in an Aprotic Medium

Eighteen chlorophenols, containing from one to five chlorine atoms on the benzene ring at various positions, have been studied by cyclic voltammetric methods to evaluate their oxidation-reduction characteristics in an aprotic medium. The compounds were dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide containing 0.10 M tetrabutylammonium perchlorate as the supporting electrolyte and were then both oxidized and reduced on a glassy carbon electrode. The results indicate that phenols oxidize in a one-step process to phenoxium ion which dimerizes to quinone ether. The ether can be reduced back to phenol in a two-step reduction process. The oxidation potential of the chlorophenols varies with the number and the position of the chlorine substitution. It may also have a relationship with the toxicity of the compound. The main purpose of this study is to understand low chlorophenols, classified as environmental pollutants for their toxicity and carcinogenicity, are oxidized by cytochrome P450 in the metabolic activation process in living systems

Senior Recital, John Christian, drum set

The presentation of this senior recital will fulfill in part the requirements for the Bachelor of Music degree in Jazz Studies. John Christian studies drum set with tony Martucci

Senior Recital, Colleen Trempe, trombone

The presentation of this senior recital will fulfill in part the requirements for a Bachelor of Music degree in Jazz Studies. Colleen Trempe studies trombone with Antonio J. Garcia

Patient Satisfaction and Nurse Communication Pre- and Posthospital Mergers and/or Acquisitions

Amid continuing mergers and/or acquisitions (M&As) of their institutions, U.S. hospital leaders have found it challenging to maintain favorable patient satisfaction Hospital Consumer Assessment of Health Care Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) scores. The purpose of this quantitative, quasi-experimental study was to explore the correlation between patient satisfaction (identified as the “likelihood to recommend” metric) and “nurse communication” HCAHPS scores pre- and post-hospital M&As. Donabedian’s theoretical framework and triad model of structure, process, and outcomes within health care quality served as the foundation for the evaluation. HCAHPS and 2019 change of hospital ownership data were obtained from the Centers for Medicaid & Medicare Services. Utilizing hospital merger status and linear mean scores for the HCAHPS domains “likelihood to recommend” and “nurse communication”, data was analyzed by applying the ANCOVA method and regression of analysis. Research questions posed, sought to determine the possibility of correlation between “likelihood to recommend” and “nurse communication” when hospital mergers/acquisitions are involved. The assigned covariant consisted of pre-merger HCAHPS scores, with the dependent variable being comprised of post-merger HCAHPS scores. Non-merged hospitals were assigned as the control group for this analysis. Results indicated no statistical significance between the variables analyzed. This study is significant in that it may encourage awareness of the impact of M&As on patient satisfaction and nurse communication, encouraging trust and positive social change